Published February 24, 2026 © MIT

IoT-Based Real-Time Fall Detection & Emergency Alert System

An IoT-based system that detects elderly falls in real time and instantly sends emergency alerts for faster response. 🚑📡

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IoT-Based Real-Time Fall Detection & Emergency Alert System

Things used in this project

Software apps and online services

Arduino IDE

Story

🚑 Smart Elderly Fall Detection System

IoT-Based Real-Time Fall Detection & Emergency Alert System Using ESP32

🌍 1️⃣ Introduction

Elderly logon ke saath sabse common aur dangerous incident hota hai — fall (gir jana).

Problems:

Bathroom slip

Bathroom slip

Night time fall

Night time fall

Sudden dizziness

Sudden dizziness

No immediate help

No immediate help

Delay in emergency response

Delay in emergency response

Kai cases me fall ke baad timely help nahi milne se situation serious ho jati hai.

Is problem ko solve karne ke liye maine design kiya:

🚑 Smart Elderly Fall Detection System

🚑 Smart Elderly Fall Detection System

Ek IoT-based wearable safety system jo fall detect karta hai aur turant alert bhejta hai.

🔥 2️⃣ Problem Statement

Traditional methods:

❌ No automatic fall detection❌ Elder alone ho to koi notice nahi karta❌ Emergency contact system nahi❌ Manual call karna mushkil

Smart healthcare monitoring ki zarurat hai.

💡 3️⃣ Proposed Smart Solution

✔ Accelerometer-based fall detection✔ Sudden impact detection✔ Angle/orientation detection✔ Emergency buzzer alert✔ Automatic SMS / App alert✔ Live cloud monitoring✔ Battery powered wearable design

🧰 4️⃣ Required Hardware

4.1️⃣ ESP32 (Main Controller)

Use:

Main processing unit

Main processing unit

WiFi communication

WiFi communication

Alert system control

Alert system control

4.2️⃣ MPU6050 Accelerometer + Gyroscope

Use:

Sudden movement detection

Sudden movement detection

Orientation detection

Orientation detection

Fall impact detection

Fall impact detection

4.3️⃣ GSM Module (SIM800L / LTE)

Use:

Emergency SMS alert

Emergency SMS alert

No WiFi dependency

No WiFi dependency

4.4️⃣ Buzzer

Use:

Local audible alert

Local audible alert

4.5️⃣ Rechargeable Battery (Li-ion)

Use:

Portable wearable power

Portable wearable power

🔌 5️⃣ Circuit Diagram

🔗 6️⃣ Wiring Table

📌 MPU6050 → ESP32

SDA → GPIO21SCL → GPIO22VCC → 3.3VGND → GND

📌 GSM → ESP32

TX → GPIO27RX → GPIO26VCC → 4VGND → GND

📌 Buzzer → GPIO4

💻 7️⃣ Software Used

1️⃣ Arduino IDE2️⃣ MPU6050 Library3️⃣ GSM AT Commands4️⃣ Firebase / MQTT (Optional)5️⃣ Cloud Dashboard

⚙️ 8️⃣ Working Logic

1️⃣ Accelerometer continuously motion monitor karta hai2️⃣ Sudden high acceleration detect karta hai3️⃣ Impact ke baad unusual tilt detect karta hai4️⃣ 10–15 second wait karta hai cancel ke liye5️⃣ Cancel nahi hua to emergency alert bhejta hai6️⃣ SMS + cloud update

🚀 9️⃣ Key Features

✔ Real-time fall detection✔ Impact + angle-based logic✔ Automatic SMS alert✔ Local buzzer✔ Portable wearable✔ Expandable to health monitoring

🏥 1️⃣0️⃣ Applications

✔ Elderly home care✔ Hospitals✔ Senior living homes✔ Assisted living centers✔ Remote patient monitoring

💼 1️⃣1️⃣ Business Opportunity

✔ Smart healthcare product✔ Wearable safety device✔ Subscription monitoring service✔ Insurance integration potential

📞 1️⃣2️⃣ Project Support

Complete project, customization, PCB design, and deployment available.

📲 WhatsApp: +91 9336183481

🚑 IoT-Based Real-Time Fall Detection & Emergency Alert System ✅ Complete ESP32 Code (Numbered)

// 1️⃣ Required Libraries
1  #include <Wire.h>                 
2  #include <MPU6050.h>              

// Use: I2C communication aur accelerometer control ke liye.
// 2️⃣ Create MPU Object
3  MPU6050 mpu;

// Use: MPU6050 sensor ka object initialize karta hai.
// 3️⃣ Pin Definitions
4  #define BUZZER 4
5  #define CANCEL_BUTTON 5

// Use: Buzzer aur cancel button ke GPIO define karta hai.
// 4️⃣ GSM Serial Setup
6  HardwareSerial gsmSerial(2);

// Use: GSM module communication ke liye Serial2 use karta hai.
// 5️⃣ Fall Detection Thresholds
7  float fallThreshold = 2.5;     
8  bool fallDetected = false;

// Use: Sudden impact detect karne ke liye threshold define karta hai.
// 6️⃣ Setup Function
9  void setup() {

10   Serial.begin(115200);
11   Wire.begin();
12   mpu.initialize();

13   pinMode(BUZZER, OUTPUT);
14   pinMode(CANCEL_BUTTON, INPUT_PULLUP);

15   gsmSerial.begin(9600, SERIAL_8N1, 16, 17);

16   Serial.println("System Ready");
17 }

// Use: Sensor, GSM aur hardware initialize karta hai.
// 7️⃣ Send SMS Function
18 void sendSMS() {
19   gsmSerial.println("AT");
20   delay(1000);
21   gsmSerial.println("AT+CMGF=1");
22   delay(1000);
23   gsmSerial.println("AT+CMGS=\"+91XXXXXXXXXX\"");
24   delay(1000);
25   gsmSerial.print("Emergency! Fall detected.");
26   delay(100);
27   gsmSerial.write(26);
28   delay(3000);
29 }

// Use: Emergency contact ko SMS bhejne ke liye AT command use karta hai.
// 8️⃣ Main Loop
30 void loop() {

31   int16_t ax, ay, az;
32   mpu.getAcceleration(&ax, &ay, &az);

🔹 Use: Accelerometer data read karta hai.

33   float accelX = ax / 16384.0;
34   float accelY = ay / 16384.0;
35   float accelZ = az / 16384.0;

🔹 Use: Raw data ko g-force me convert karta hai.

36   float totalAccel = sqrt(accelX * accelX + accelY * accelY + accelZ * accelZ);

🔹 Use: Total acceleration magnitude calculate karta hai.

37   if(totalAccel > fallThreshold) {
38     fallDetected = true;
39   }

🔹 Use: Sudden impact threshold cross hone par fall detect karta hai.

40   if(fallDetected) {

41     digitalWrite(BUZZER, HIGH);
42     Serial.println("Fall Detected!");

🔹 Use: Fall hone par buzzer ON karta hai.

43     delay(10000);

🔹 Use: 10 second cancel window deta hai.

44     if(digitalRead(CANCEL_BUTTON) == HIGH) {
45       sendSMS();
46     }

🔹 Use: Agar cancel button press nahi hua to SMS bhejta hai.

47     digitalWrite(BUZZER, LOW);
48     fallDetected = false;
49   }

50   delay(500);
51 }

🔹 Use: Alert reset karta hai aur system continue karta hai.