Instrument for Early Detecting Dental Decay

This project is a medical instrument developed for early detection of dental decay using the electrical impedance measurement method.

IntermediateWork in progress1 hour2,186

Instrument for Early Detecting Dental Decay

Things used in this project

Hardware components

Digilent Arty A7-35T

Digilent Pmod IA

Digilent Pmod BT2

Story

The most common dental problems are caries. We have decided to implement a project in order to find out in advance about these issues. In this way we can, in a short time, find out about the problems that can arise over a healthy tooth. At the same time this dental caries detection tool reduces the number of radiographs.

Dental caries? What is this?

Dental caries represent a destructive process causing decalcification of the tooth enamel, leading to continued destruction of enamel, dentin and cavitation of the tooth.

Dental caries is a complex disease, defined as the process of progressive demineralization of inorganic component of the tooth accompanied by disintegration of the organic portion. It is a dynamic disease process, in which early lesions undergo many demineralization and remineralization cycles before being expressed clinically.

Objectives

The objective of this project is to create a tool developed for the early detection of dental degradation using the electrical impedance measurement method.

The motivation behind this project was the challenge of creating a portable system that closely monitors the patient, providing the dentist with information about the existence, evolution of dental caries.

In this case, it will not be necessary to use X-ray or gamma-ray methods.

Project Summary

The instrument For Early Detecting Dental Decay (D.D.D) project is based on development platform, Arty A7using the method of electrical impedance measurement of tooth.

The system is made up of a single module. The development platform (Arty A7) along with the PmodIA board interface and the multitouch PmodMTDS display form the base system. This system can bring improvements such as a PmodBT2 bluetooth module (used for HMI communication), a graphical system for motorizing the evolution of a dental caries, and more.

The purpose of the Early Tooth Decay Tool is to be used as a simple to use device, even by people who do not have a specialized training.

The target group that will need to use such a tool ranges from 5-year-olds up to 45-year-olds.

Ourmotto is "Any tooth counts"!

Design Overview

The DDD is designed around the Artix-7 ™ FieldProgrammable Gate Array (FPGA) family, designed specifically for use as a MicroBlaze Soft Processing System. This is attached to a PmodMTDS display, aPmodIA module (impedance meter), and a PmodBT2 bluetooth module

Detailed Design Description

The DDD isdesigned around the Artix-7 ™ Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) family, designed specifically for use as a MicroBlaze Soft Processing System. This isattached to a PmodMTDS display, a PmodIA module (impedance meter), and aPmodBT2 bluetooth module and a SD card for display.

This data are send via a PmodBT2 (Bluetoothmodule) to a HMI (human machine interface), which receives the data processing and displaying them as graphics in Excel.

The HMI is the place where all the data from the DDD system's initial processing is processed. The heart of the system is the Arty A7 development platform. It processes the "raw" information and displays it professionally on the PmodMTDSdisplay.

Hardware Design

For FPGA Hardwaredesign part we used Vivado offered by Xillinx. Vivado has a lot of featuresused to make easy the hardware design.

Work in progress.

Main

#include "xil_cache.h"
#include "xparameters.h"
#include "PmodBT2.h"

//required definitions for sending & receiving data over the host board's UART port
#ifdef __MICROBLAZE__
#include "xuartlite.h"
typedef XUartLite SysUart;
#define SysUart_Send            XUartLite_Send
#define SysUart_Recv            XUartLite_Recv
#define SYS_UART_DEVICE_ID      XPAR_AXI_UARTLITE_0_DEVICE_ID
#define BT2_UART_AXI_CLOCK_FREQ XPAR_CPU_M_AXI_DP_FREQ_HZ
#else
#include "xuartps.h"
typedef XUartPs SysUart;
#define SysUart_Send            XUartPs_Send
#define SysUart_Recv            XUartPs_Recv
#define SYS_UART_DEVICE_ID      XPAR_PS7_UART_1_DEVICE_ID
#define BT2_UART_AXI_CLOCK_FREQ 100000000
#endif

PmodBT2 myDevice;
SysUart myUart;

extern void setup();
extern void loop();


void DemoInitialize();
void DemoRun();
void SysUartInit();
void EnableCaches();
void DisableCaches();

int main()
{
	EnableCaches();
	setup();
    DemoInitialize();
    DemoRun();
    DisableCaches();
    return XST_SUCCESS;
}

void DemoInitialize()
{
    //EnableCaches();
    SysUartInit();
    BT2_Begin (
        &myDevice,
        XPAR_PMODBT2_0_AXI_LITE_GPIO_BASEADDR,
        XPAR_PMODBT2_0_AXI_LITE_UART_BASEADDR,
        BT2_UART_AXI_CLOCK_FREQ,
        115200
    );
}

void DemoRun()
{
    u8 buf[1];
    int n;

    xil_printf("Initialized PmodBT2, received data will be echoed here, type to send data\r\n");

    while(1) {
    	loop();
        //echo all characters received from both BT2 and terminal to terminal
        //forward all characters received from terminal to BT2
        n = SysUart_Recv(&myUart, buf, 1);
        if (n != 0) {
            SysUart_Send(&myUart, buf, 1);
            BT2_SendData(&myDevice, buf, 1);
        }

        n = BT2_RecvData(&myDevice, buf, 1);
        if (n != 0) {
            SysUart_Send(&myUart, buf, 1);
        }
    }
}

//initialize the system uart device, AXI uartlite for microblaze, uartps for Zynq
void SysUartInit()
{
#ifdef __MICROBLAZE__
    XUartLite_Initialize(&myUart, SYS_UART_DEVICE_ID);
#else
    XUartPs_Config *myUartCfgPtr;
    myUartCfgPtr = XUartPs_LookupConfig(SYS_UART_DEVICE_ID);
    XUartPs_CfgInitialize(&myUart, myUartCfgPtr, myUartCfgPtr->BaseAddress);
#endif
}

void EnableCaches()
{
#ifdef __MICROBLAZE__
#ifdef XPAR_MICROBLAZE_USE_ICACHE
    Xil_ICacheEnable();
#endif
#ifdef XPAR_MICROBLAZE_USE_DCACHE
    Xil_DCacheEnable();
#endif
#endif
}

void DisableCaches()
{
#ifdef __MICROBLAZE__
#ifdef XPAR_MICROBLAZE_USE_DCACHE
    Xil_DCacheDisable();
#endif
#ifdef XPAR_MICROBLAZE_USE_ICACHE
    Xil_ICacheDisable();
#endif
#endif
}

Instrument for Early Detecting Dental Decay