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This is a Big Character Clock, featuring interior/exterior weather information (temperature, humidity, pressure).
It uses a RTC DS3231, two sensors BME280, a photo-resistor for screen auto brightness, a parallel LCD 20x4. The time adjustment is done with a rotary encoder. The advantage of using a Real Time Clock, is that it keeps measuring the time even if the power is disconnected, and then, when the power returns, it's right there where it should be, and you don't have to set it again.
The components list on this platform is only informative.
These are the components I used. No sponsored links.
-DS3231 real time clock - 1.02$
https://www.aliexpress.com/item/4001130860369.html?spm=a2g0s.9042311.0.0.44624c4dm1TFLa
-20x4 LCD - 2.78$
https://www.aliexpress.com/item/657697261.html?spm=a2g0s.9042311.0.0.44624c4dm1TFLa
-BME280 - 2.14$ x 2
https://www.aliexpress.com/item/32654011852.html?spm=a2g0s.9042311.0.0.44624c4dm1TFLa
-photo-resistor - 0.6$ - 10pcs.
https://www.aliexpress.com/item/32760631393.html?spm=a2g0s.9042311.0.0.44624c4dm1TFLa
-arduino NANO - 1.79E
https://www.aliexpress.com/item/32647196840.html?spm=a2g0o.productlist.0.0.37e62ddftfY2LQ&algo_pvid=03a3b54c-50a8-4776-8748-40c0f2e6080b&algo_expid=03a3b54c-50a8-4776-8748-40c0f2e6080b-6&btsid=0bb0624716052670346778987eca4c&ws_ab_test=searchweb0_0, searchweb201602_, searchweb201603_
/*
* Racov feb.2021
-- 20x4 LCD (paralel) display
-- clock with big numbers and I2C-DS3231 Real Time clock
-- temperature and hunidity interior/exterior with I2C-BMP280
-- rotary encoder for TIME set
The circuit:
* LCD RS - D12
* LCD Enable - D11
* LCD D4 - D8
* LCD D5 - D7
* LCD D6 - D6
* LCD D7 - D5
* LCD R/W - GND
* LED A - D9
* 10K resistor-ends to +5V and GND
* wiper to LCD VO(pin 3)
Encoder:
* A - D2
* B - D3
* Push1 - D4
* Push2, C - GND
racov.ro
*/
// include the library code:
#include <LiquidCrystal.h> //LCD
#include <Wire.h>
#include <Adafruit_Sensor.h>
#include <Adafruit_BME280.h> //BME280 temp-hum-pres sensor,
#include <RTClib.h> //DS3231 Real Time Clock
RTC_DS3231 rtc; //declare RTC
Adafruit_BME280 bme1; //declare BME interior
Adafruit_BME280 bme2; //declare BME exterior
// initialize the library by associating any needed LCD interface pin
// with the arduino pin number it is connected to
const int rs = 12, en = 11, d4 = 8, d5 = 7, d6 = 6, d7 = 5, LED = 9;
LiquidCrystal lcd(rs, en, d4, d5, d6, d7);
// usually the rotary encoders three pins have the ground pin in the middle
int encoderPinA = 2; // encoder right
int encoderPinB = 3; // encoder left
int clearButton = 4; // encoder push
// variables for automatic brightness
int light;
// interior environment variables
int intemp = 0;
int inhum = 0;
int pres = 0;
// exterior environment variables
int hum = 0;
int temp = 0;
int h,m,s,yr,mt,dt,dy,olds; // hous, minutes, seconds, year, month, date of the month, day, previous second
char *DOW[]={"MAR","MIE","JOI","VIN","SAM","DUM","LUN"}; //define day of the week
char *MTH[]={"ian","feb","mar","apr","mai","iun","iul","aug","sep","oct","nov","dec"}; //define month
int EncoderMax; // varialbe for h, m, s, ... max value
int encoderPos = 0; // a counter for the dial
unsigned int lastReportedPos = 1; // change management
static boolean rotating = false; // debounce management
// interrupt service routine vars
boolean A_set = false;
boolean B_set = false;
// varialbe to know if we are in time setting mode
boolean set_h = false; //hours
boolean set_m = false; //minutes
boolean set_s = false; //seconds
boolean set_yr = false; //year
boolean set_mt = false; //month
boolean set_dt = false; //date of the month
boolean intbme = true;
boolean extbme = true;
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
// set up the LCD's number of columns and rows:
lcd.begin(20, 4);
lcd.clear();
// set up the encoder
pinMode(encoderPinA, INPUT);
pinMode(encoderPinB, INPUT);
pinMode(clearButton, INPUT);
// encoder pin on interrupt 0 (pin 2)
attachInterrupt(0, doEncoderA, CHANGE);
// encoder pin on interrupt 1 (pin 3)
attachInterrupt(1, doEncoderB, CHANGE);
// *******DEFINE CUSTOM CHARACTERS FOR BIG FONT*****************
byte A[8] =
{
B00011,
B00111,
B01111,
B01111,
B01111,
B01111,
B01111,
B01111
};
byte B[8] =
{
B11111,
B11111,
B00000,
B00000,
B00000,
B00000,
B00000,
B11111
};
byte C[8] =
{
B11000,
B11100,
B11110,
B11110,
B11110,
B11110,
B11110,
B11110
};
byte D[8] =
{
B01111,
B01111,
B01111,
B01111,
B01111,
B01111,
B00111,
B00011
};
byte E[8] =
{
B11111,
B00000,
B00000,
B00000,
B00000,
B00000,
B11111,
B11111
};
byte F[8] =
{
B11110,
B11110,
B11110,
B11110,
B11110,
B11110,
B11100,
B11000
};
byte G[8] =
{
B11111,
B11111,
B11111,
B00000,
B00000,
B00000,
B00000,
B00000
};
byte H[8] =
{
B00000,
B00000,
B00000,
B00000,
B00000,
B11111,
B11111,
B11111
};
lcd.createChar(8,A);
lcd.createChar(6,B);
lcd.createChar(2,C);
lcd.createChar(3,D);
lcd.createChar(7,E);
lcd.createChar(5,F);
lcd.createChar(1,G);
lcd.createChar(4,H);
// Print a message to the LCD.
// lcd.setCursor(col, row);
// lcd.print("text");
lcd.setCursor(6, 0);
lcd.print("WEATHER");
lcd.setCursor(7, 1);
lcd.print("CLOCK");
lcd.setCursor(5, 2);
lcd.print("**RACOV**");
lcd.setCursor(6, 3);
lcd.print("Feb.2021");
// slowly increase display backlighting brightness
for (int i = 0; i <= 4; i++) {
analogWrite(LED, (i*50));
delay(500);
}
delay(1000);
// initializing the modules
analogWrite(LED, 50);
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("CHECKING MODULES....");
delay(100);
analogWrite(LED, 100);
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("1.REAL CLOCK......OK");
if (! rtc.begin()) {
lcd.setCursor(16, 1);
lcd.print("FAIL");
delay(5000);
}
delay(500);
analogWrite(LED, 150);
lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
lcd.print("2.INSIDE TEMP.....OK");
if (!bme1.begin(0x76)) {
lcd.setCursor(16, 2);
lcd.print("FAIL");
intbme = false;
}
delay(500);
analogWrite(LED, 200);
lcd.setCursor(0, 3);
lcd.print("3.OUTSIDE TEMP....OK");
if (!bme2.begin(0x77)) {
lcd.setCursor(16, 3);
lcd.print("FAIL");
extbme = false;
}
delay(2000);
// print all the fix text - never changes
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print(" __ __"+String(char(165))+" __ __"+(char(165))+" __ __"); // char(165) is big point symbol
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print(" "+String(char(165))+" "+(char(165))+" ");
lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
lcd.print("LUN-01-ian [--"+String(char(223))+" --%]"); // char(223) is degree symbol
lcd.setCursor(0, 3);
lcd.print(" ----hPa --"+String(char(223))+" --% ");
// set a particular date and time if you want (yyyy,mm,dd,hh,mm,ss)
// rtc.adjust(DateTime(2021, 2, 16, 11, 00, 00));
// read all time and date and display
DateTime now = rtc.now();
h = now.hour();
m = now.minute();
s = now.second();
yr = now.year();
mt = now.month();
dt = now.day();
dy = now.dayOfTheWeek();
olds = s;
// fill the display with all the data
printbig((h%10),3);
printbig((h/10),0);
printbig((m%10),10);
printbig((m/10),7);
printbig((s%10),17);
printbig((s/10),14);
lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
lcd.print(DOW[dy]);
lcd.setCursor(4, 2);
lcd.print(dt/10);
lcd.print(dt%10);
lcd.setCursor(7, 2);
lcd.print(MTH[mt]);
}
void loop() {
DateTime now = rtc.now();
s = now.second(); // read seconds
if (olds != s) { // if seconds changed
/* Serial.println(dy);
Serial.println(mt);
Serial.println(dt);
Serial.println(yr); */
printbig((s%10),17); // display seconds
printbig((s/10),14);
olds = s;
timeset(); // verify if user wants to set time
if ( s == 0 ) { // minutes change
m = now.minute(); // read minutes
printbig((m%10),10); // display minutes
printbig((m/10),7);
if (m == 0) { // hours change
h = now.hour(); // read hours
printbig((h%10),3); // dislay hours
printbig((h/10),0);
if (h == 0) { // day change
dt = now.day(); // read day
dy = now.dayOfTheWeek();
mt = now.month(); // read month
yr = now.year(); // read year
lcd.setCursor(0, 2); // display date full
lcd.print(DOW[dy]);
lcd.setCursor(4, 2);
lcd.print(dt/10);
lcd.print(dt%10);
lcd.setCursor(7, 2);
lcd.print(MTH[mt]);
}
}
}
// set screen brightness
light = (analogRead(A6));
analogWrite(LED, 2+(light/4.2));
// interior temperature/humidity/pression
if (intbme){
intemp = round(bme1.readTemperature() - 1);
inhum = round(bme1.readHumidity());
pres = round(bme1.readPressure() / 100.0F);
lcd.setCursor(11,2);
if (intemp>=0) {
lcd.print("[");
if (intemp<10) {lcd.print(" ");}
}
else {
if (intemp>(-10)) {lcd.print("[");}
}
lcd.print(intemp);
lcd.setCursor(15,2);
if (inhum<100) {lcd.print(" ");}
lcd.print(inhum);
lcd.setCursor(2,3);
if (pres < 1000) {lcd.print(" ");
if (pres < 100) {lcd.print(" ");}
}
lcd.print(pres);
}
// exterior temperature/humidity
if (extbme){
temp = round(bme2.readTemperature());
lcd.setCursor(11,3);
if (temp>=0) {
lcd.print(" ");
if (temp<10) {lcd.print(" ");}
}
else {
if (temp>(-10)) {lcd.print(" ");}
}
lcd.print(temp);
hum = round(bme2.readHumidity());
lcd.setCursor(15,3);
if (hum<100) {lcd.print(" ");}
if (hum<10) {lcd.print(" ");}
lcd.print(hum);
}
// do other things every second
}
delay (100);
}
void timeset()
{
// set year
if (digitalRead(clearButton) == LOW ) {
delay (10);
analogWrite(LED, 150);
if (digitalRead(clearButton) == LOW ) { // debounce switch set year
set_yr = true; // set year
set_mt = false;
set_dt = false;
set_h = false;
set_m = false;
set_s = false;
encoderPos = yr;
// blanks the time munbers
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print(" __ __"+String(char(165))+" __ __"+(char(165))+" __ __"); // char(165) is big point symbol
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print(" "+String(char(165))+" "+(char(165))+" ");
lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
lcd.print("Year: ");
delay (500);
while (digitalRead(clearButton) == HIGH ) {
yr = encoderPos;
lcd.setCursor(6, 2);
lcd.print(yr);
rotating = true; // reset the debouncer
if (lastReportedPos != encoderPos) {
lastReportedPos = encoderPos;
}
delay (100); // debounce again
}
rtc.adjust(DateTime(yr, mt, dt, h, m, s)); //write the RTC memory (YYYY, M, D, H, M, s)
analogWrite(LED, 0); // blink screen
delay(200);
analogWrite(LED, 150);
}
}
// set month
if (digitalRead(clearButton) == LOW ) {
delay (10);
if (digitalRead(clearButton) == LOW ) { // debounce switch set month
set_yr = false; // set month
set_mt = true;
set_dt = false;
set_h = false;
set_m = false;
set_s = false;
lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
lcd.print("___-__-___");
encoderPos = mt;
delay (500);
while (digitalRead(clearButton) == HIGH ) {
mt = encoderPos;
lcd.setCursor(7, 2);
lcd.print(MTH[mt]);
rotating = true; // reset the debouncer
if (lastReportedPos != encoderPos) {
lastReportedPos = encoderPos;
}
delay (100); // debounce again
}
rtc.adjust(DateTime(yr, mt, dt, h, m, s));
analogWrite(LED, 0);
delay(200);
analogWrite(LED, 150);
}
}
// set day of month
if (digitalRead(clearButton) == LOW ) {
delay (10);
if (digitalRead(clearButton) == LOW ) { // debounce switch set day of month
set_yr = false; // set day of month
set_mt = false;
set_dt = true;
set_h = false;
set_m = false;
set_s = false;
encoderPos = dt;
lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
lcd.print("___-__-___");
delay (500);
while (digitalRead(clearButton) == HIGH ) {
dt = encoderPos+1;
lcd.setCursor(4, 2);
lcd.print(dt/10);
lcd.print(dt%10);
rotating = true; // reset the debouncer
if (lastReportedPos != encoderPos) {
lastReportedPos = encoderPos;
}
delay (100); // debounce again
}
rtc.adjust(DateTime(yr, mt, dt, h, m, s));
analogWrite(LED, 0);
delay(200);
// fill the date
analogWrite(LED, 150);
lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
lcd.print(DOW[dy]);
lcd.setCursor(4, 2);
lcd.print(dt/10);
lcd.print(dt%10);
lcd.setCursor(7, 2);
lcd.print(MTH[mt]);
}
}
// set hours
if (digitalRead(clearButton) == LOW ) {
delay (10);
if (digitalRead(clearButton) == LOW ) { // debounce switch set hours
set_h = true; // set hours
set_m = false;
set_s = false;
encoderPos = h;
delay (500);
while (digitalRead(clearButton) == HIGH ) {
h = encoderPos;
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print(" __ __"+String(char(165))+" __ __"+(char(165))+" __ __"); // char(165) is big point symbol
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print(" "+String(char(165))+" "+(char(165))+" ");
printbig((h/10),0);
printbig((h%10),3);
rotating = true; // reset the debouncer
if (lastReportedPos != encoderPos) {
lastReportedPos = encoderPos;
}
delay (100); // debounce again
}
rtc.adjust(DateTime(yr, mt, dt, h, m, s));
analogWrite(LED, 0);
delay(200);
analogWrite(LED, 150);
}
}
// set minutes
if (digitalRead(clearButton) == LOW ) {
delay (10);
if (digitalRead(clearButton) == LOW ) { // debounce switch set minutes
set_h = false; // set minutes
set_m = true;
set_s = false;
encoderPos = m;
delay (500);
while (digitalRead(clearButton) == HIGH ) {
m = encoderPos;
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print(" __ __"+String(char(165))+" __ __"+(char(165))+" __ __"); // char(165) is big point symbol
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print(" "+String(char(165))+" "+(char(165))+" ");
printbig(m/10,7);
printbig(m%10,10);
rotating = true; // reset the debouncer
if (lastReportedPos != encoderPos) {
lastReportedPos = encoderPos;
}
delay (100); // debounce again
}
rtc.adjust(DateTime(yr, mt, dt, h, m, s));
analogWrite(LED, 0);
delay(200);
analogWrite(LED, 150);
}
}
// set seconds
if (digitalRead(clearButton) == LOW ) {
delay (10);
if (digitalRead(clearButton) == LOW ) { // debounce switch set seconds
set_h = false; // set seconds
set_m = false;
set_s = true;
encoderPos = s;
delay (500);
while (digitalRead(clearButton) == HIGH ) {
s = encoderPos;
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print(" __ __"+String(char(165))+" __ __"+(char(165))+" __ __"); // char(165) is big point symbol
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print(" "+String(char(165))+" "+(char(165))+" ");
printbig(s/10,14);
printbig(s%10,17);
rotating = true; // reset the debouncer
if (lastReportedPos != encoderPos) {
lastReportedPos = encoderPos;
}
delay (100); // debounce again
}
rtc.adjust(DateTime(yr, mt, dt, h, m, s));
analogWrite(LED, 0);
delay(200);
analogWrite(LED, 150);
}
}
//fill in the clock numbers
printbig((h%10),3);
printbig((h/10),0);
printbig((m%10),10);
printbig((m/10),7);
printbig((s%10),17);
printbig((s/10),14);
// fill in the date
lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
lcd.print(DOW[dy]);
lcd.setCursor(4, 2);
lcd.print(dt/10);
lcd.print(dt%10);
lcd.setCursor(7, 2);
lcd.print(MTH[mt]);
DateTime now = rtc.now(); // read again the time
}
// Interrupt on A changing state
void doEncoderA() {
// debounce
if (set_h) EncoderMax = 24;
else if (set_m) EncoderMax = 60;
else if (set_s) EncoderMax = 60;
else if (set_yr) EncoderMax = 3000;
else if (set_mt) EncoderMax = 12;
else if (set_dt) EncoderMax = 31;
if ( rotating ) delay (1); // wait a little until the bouncing is done
// Test transition, did things really change?
if ( digitalRead(encoderPinA) != A_set ) { // debounce once more
A_set = !A_set;
// adjust counter + if A leads B
if ( A_set && !B_set )
encoderPos += 1;
encoderPos = (EncoderMax+encoderPos) % EncoderMax;
rotating = false; // no more debouncing until loop() hits again
}
}
// Interrupt on B changing state, same as A above
void doEncoderB() {
if (set_h) EncoderMax = 24;
else if (set_m) EncoderMax = 60;
else if (set_s) EncoderMax = 60;
else if (set_yr) EncoderMax = 3000;
else if (set_mt) EncoderMax = 12;
else if (set_dt) EncoderMax = 31;
if ( rotating ) delay (1);
if ( digitalRead(encoderPinB) != B_set ) {
B_set = !B_set;
// adjust counter - 1 if B leads A
if ( B_set && !A_set )
encoderPos -= 1;
encoderPos = (EncoderMax+encoderPos) % EncoderMax;
rotating = false;
}
}
void printbig(int i, int x)
{
// prints each segment of the big numbers
if (i == 0) {
lcd.setCursor(x,0);
lcd.write(8);
lcd.write(1);
lcd.write(2);
lcd.setCursor(x, 1);
lcd.write(3);
lcd.write(4);
lcd.write(5);
}
else if (i == 1) {
lcd.setCursor(x,0);
lcd.write(8);
lcd.write(255);
lcd.print(" ");
lcd.setCursor(x, 1);
lcd.print(" ");
lcd.write(255);
lcd.print(" ");
}
else if (i == 2) {
lcd.setCursor(x,0);
lcd.write(1);
lcd.write(6);
lcd.write(2);
lcd.setCursor(x, 1);
lcd.write(3);
lcd.write(7);
lcd.write(4);
}
else if (i == 3) {
lcd.setCursor(x,0);
lcd.write(1);
lcd.write(6);
lcd.write(2);
lcd.setCursor(x, 1);
lcd.write(4);
lcd.write(7);
lcd.write(5);
}
else if (i == 4) {
lcd.setCursor(x,0);
lcd.write(3);
lcd.write(4);
lcd.write(2);
lcd.setCursor(x, 1);
lcd.print(" ");
lcd.write(5);
}
else if (i == 5) {
lcd.setCursor(x,0);
lcd.write(255);
lcd.write(6);
lcd.write(1);
lcd.setCursor(x, 1);
lcd.write(7);
lcd.write(7);
lcd.write(5);
}
else if (i == 6) {
lcd.setCursor(x,0);
lcd.write(8);
lcd.write(6);
lcd.print(" ");
lcd.setCursor(x, 1);
lcd.write(3);
lcd.write(7);
lcd.write(5);
}
else if (i == 7) {
lcd.setCursor(x,0);
lcd.write(1);
lcd.write(1);
lcd.write(5);
lcd.setCursor(x, 1);
lcd.print(" ");
lcd.write(8);
lcd.print(" ");
}
else if (i == 8) {
lcd.setCursor(x,0);
lcd.write(8);
lcd.write(6);
lcd.write(2);
lcd.setCursor(x, 1);
lcd.write(3);
lcd.write(7);
lcd.write(5);
}
else if (i == 9) {
lcd.setCursor(x,0);
lcd.write(8);
lcd.write(6);
lcd.write(2);
lcd.setCursor(x, 1);
lcd.print(" ");
lcd.write(4);
lcd.write(5);
}
}
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