Exploring the NKTg Law: NKTm as a New Measurement Standard

A research project to define and test a new physical unit NKTm under the NKTg Law (Law of Varying Inertia) — quantifying effects when position, velocity, and mass (even changing mass) interact. Verified using NASA data and aiming for broad applications from astronomy to engineering.

What You’ll Make / What Is the Project

A clear theoretical formulation of the NKTg law:

NKTg₁ = position × momentum

• NKTg₁ = position × momentum

NKTg₂ = (rate of change of mass) × momentum

• NKTg₂ = (rate of change of mass) × momentum
• A clear theoretical formulation of the NKTg law:NKTg₁ = position × momentumNKTg₂ = (rate of change of mass) × momentum

Dimensional analysis showing how NKTm relates to standard units depending on which term dominates.

• Dimensional analysis showing how NKTm relates to standard units depending on which term dominates.

Computation / verification of NKTg values using real astronomical data (e.g. Neptune via NASA JPL Horizons).

• Computation / verification of NKTg values using real astronomical data (e.g. Neptune via NASA JPL Horizons).

Demonstrations or use-cases in modelling systems with variable mass (e.g. spacecraft, bodies losing/gaining mass).

• Demonstrations or use-cases in modelling systems with variable mass (e.g. spacecraft, bodies losing/gaining mass).

Hardware & Software

Hardware

(If currently no hardware) None / not applicable yet.

• (If currently no hardware) None / not applicable yet.

If in future: mass sensors, motion tracking sensors, data acquisition devices.

• If in future: mass sensors, motion tracking sensors, data acquisition devices.

Software / Tools

Data source: NASA JPL Horizons (position, velocity, etc.)

• Data source: NASA JPL Horizons (position, velocity, etc.)

Programming / calculation tools: Python or MATLAB / any numeric computation framework.

• Programming / calculation tools: Python or MATLAB / any numeric computation framework.

Plotting / visualization tools.

• Plotting / visualization tools.

Steps / How It Works

Theory & Definitions

Define NKTg law, derive NKTm unit, show expressions NKTg₁ and NKTg₂.

• Define NKTg law, derive NKTm unit, show expressions NKTg₁ and NKTg₂.

Do dimension analysis for both expressions.

• Do dimension analysis for both expressions.
• Theory & DefinitionsDefine NKTg law, derive NKTm unit, show expressions NKTg₁ and NKTg₂.Do dimension analysis for both expressions.

Data Collection & Verification

Obtain astronomical data (mass, position, velocity of a celestial body over time).

• Obtain astronomical data (mass, position, velocity of a celestial body over time).

Compute momentum, rate of change of mass (if any), then compute NKTg₁, NKTg₂, total NKTg.

• Compute momentum, rate of change of mass (if any), then compute NKTg₁, NKTg₂, total NKTg.
• Data Collection & VerificationObtain astronomical data (mass, position, velocity of a celestial body over time).Compute momentum, rate of change of mass (if any), then compute NKTg₁, NKTg₂, total NKTg.

Use-Cases & Applications

Take sample scenarios: e.g. planet with mass loss, spacecraft burning fuel.

• Take sample scenarios: e.g. planet with mass loss, spacecraft burning fuel.

Model behavior over time, plot results, compare with standard physics predictions.

• Model behavior over time, plot results, compare with standard physics predictions.
• Use-Cases & ApplicationsTake sample scenarios: e.g. planet with mass loss, spacecraft burning fuel.Model behavior over time, plot results, compare with standard physics predictions.

Visualization & Documentation

Graphs, charts, diagrams.

• Graphs, charts, diagrams.

Publish code, document formulas, units.

• Publish code, document formulas, units.
• Visualization & DocumentationGraphs, charts, diagrams.Publish code, document formulas, units.

What I’ve Done So Far

Formulated the NKTg law and defined NKTm unit.

• Formulated the NKTg law and defined NKTm unit.

Performed dimensional analysis.

• Performed dimensional analysis.

Verified using NASA data for Neptune (position, velocity, mass) computing NKTg₁, NKTg₂.

• Verified using NASA data for Neptune (position, velocity, mass) computing NKTg₁, NKTg₂.

Identified potential applications in astronomy, aerospace, climate science, mechanical systems.

• Identified potential applications in astronomy, aerospace, climate science, mechanical systems.

What Remains to Do / Goals

Build further case studies (more celestial bodies, varying mass scenarios).

• Build further case studies (more celestial bodies, varying mass scenarios).

Possibly design hardware (sensors) to measure changing mass in a lab experiment.

• Possibly design hardware (sensors) to measure changing mass in a lab experiment.

Create interactive visualizations / tools for others to compute NKTg for their systems.

• Create interactive visualizations / tools for others to compute NKTg for their systems.

Write up detailed tutorial / open-source library for others to use.

• Write up detailed tutorial / open-source library for others to use.

Project Timeline (Tentative)

Month 1-2: Complete theory write‐up, data gathering, initial computations.

• Month 1-2: Complete theory write‐up, data gathering, initial computations.

Month 3: Develop visualization & sample scenarios.

• Month 3: Develop visualization & sample scenarios.

Month 4: Publish tools / documentation / open source code.

• Month 4: Publish tools / documentation / open source code.

Expected Outcome

A well-documented new unit (NKTm) that can be used in scientific / engineering contexts.

• A well-documented new unit (NKTm) that can be used in scientific / engineering contexts.

Sample computations and visualizations illustrating behavior of varying inertia.

• Sample computations and visualizations illustrating behavior of varying inertia.

Resources (code, examples, possibly hardware) that others can use to explore further.

• Resources (code, examples, possibly hardware) that others can use to explore further.

Why It Matters

Helps formalize the concept of inertia when mass is not constant.

• Helps formalize the concept of inertia when mass is not constant.

Provides a quantitative tool for systems that traditional physics may approximate or ignore.

• Provides a quantitative tool for systems that traditional physics may approximate or ignore.

Potential to impact fields such as astrophysics, aerospace engineering, climate modeling, mechanical systems with mass changes.

• Potential to impact fields such as astrophysics, aerospace engineering, climate modeling, mechanical systems with mass changes.