IoT Based Smart Waste Monitoring System Using ESP32

🌍 Introduction

Urban areas me garbage management ek major problem ban chuka hai. Public dustbins:

Time par empty nahi hote

• Time par empty nahi hote

Overflow ho jate hain

• Overflow ho jate hain

Bad smell aur pollution create karte hain

• Bad smell aur pollution create karte hain

Manual monitoring par dependent hote hain

• Manual monitoring par dependent hote hain

Is problem ko solve karne ke liye maine design kiya hai:

🔥 Smart Garbage Bin Full Alert System

🔥 Smart Garbage Bin Full Alert System

Ye IoT-based system dustbin ka fill level detect karta hai aur full hone par alert bhejta hai.

🔥 Problem Statement

Traditional garbage bins:

❌ No fill level monitoring❌ Manual inspection required❌ Overflow issues❌ Unhygienic environment

Cities need smart waste monitoring.

💡 Proposed Solution

✔ Ultrasonic sensor se level detection✔ Real-time monitoring✔ MQTT cloud alert✔ Mobile notification✔ LED/Buzzer alert✔ Scalable for smart cities

🧰 Required Hardware

1️⃣ ESP32 Development Board

Role:

WiFi connectivity

• WiFi connectivity

Data processing

• Data processing

MQTT communication

• MQTT communication

2️⃣ Ultrasonic Sensor (HC-SR04)

Role:

Detect garbage level inside bin

• Detect garbage level inside bin

3️⃣ Buzzer Module

Role:

Local alert when bin is full

• Local alert when bin is full

4️⃣ 5V Power Supply

🔌 Circuit Diagram

🔗 Complete Wiring

Ultrasonic Sensor ↔ ESP32

Ultrasonic Pin

ESP32 Pin

VCC

5V

GND

GND

Trig

GPIO5

Echo

GPIO18

Buzzer ↔ ESP32

GPIO4 → Buzzer

🧠 Software Used

Arduino IDE

• Arduino IDE

ESP32 Core

• ESP32 Core

MQTT Broker (HiveMQ)

• MQTT Broker (HiveMQ)

PubSubClient Library

• PubSubClient Library

💻 Complete ESP32 Code

#include <WiFi.h>
#include <PubSubClient.h>

const char* ssid = "YOUR_WIFI_NAME";
const char* password = "YOUR_WIFI_PASSWORD";
const char* mqtt_server = "broker.hivemq.com";

#define TRIG_PIN 5
#define ECHO_PIN 18
#define BUZZER_PIN 4

long duration;
float distance;

WiFiClient espClient;
PubSubClient client(espClient);

void setup_wifi() {
WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
delay(500);
}
}

void reconnect() {
while (!client.connected()) {
client.connect("SmartBinClient");
}
}

void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
pinMode(TRIG_PIN, OUTPUT);
pinMode(ECHO_PIN, INPUT);
pinMode(BUZZER_PIN, OUTPUT);
setup_wifi();
client.setServer(mqtt_server, 1883);
}

void loop() {
if (!client.connected()) reconnect();
client.loop();

digitalWrite(TRIG_PIN, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);
digitalWrite(TRIG_PIN, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(TRIG_PIN, LOW);

duration = pulseIn(ECHO_PIN, HIGH);
distance = duration * 0.034 / 2;

Serial.print("Distance: ");
Serial.println(distance);

if(distance < 10){
digitalWrite(BUZZER_PIN, HIGH);
client.publish("garbage/status","BIN FULL");
} else {
digitalWrite(BUZZER_PIN, LOW);
client.publish("garbage/status","BIN NOT FULL");
}

delay(3000);
}

#include <WiFi.h>
#include <PubSubClient.h>

const char* ssid = "YOUR_WIFI_NAME";
const char* password = "YOUR_WIFI_PASSWORD";
const char* mqtt_server = "broker.hivemq.com";

#define TRIG_PIN 5
#define ECHO_PIN 18
#define BUZZER_PIN 4

long duration;
float distance;

WiFiClient espClient;
PubSubClient client(espClient);

void setup_wifi() {
  WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
    delay(500);
  }
}

void reconnect() {
  while (!client.connected()) {
    client.connect("SmartBinClient");
  }
}

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  pinMode(TRIG_PIN, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(ECHO_PIN, INPUT);
  pinMode(BUZZER_PIN, OUTPUT);
  setup_wifi();
  client.setServer(mqtt_server, 1883);
}

void loop() {
  if (!client.connected()) reconnect();
  client.loop();

  digitalWrite(TRIG_PIN, LOW);
  delayMicroseconds(2);
  digitalWrite(TRIG_PIN, HIGH);
  delayMicroseconds(10);
  digitalWrite(TRIG_PIN, LOW);

  duration = pulseIn(ECHO_PIN, HIGH);
  distance = duration * 0.034 / 2;

  Serial.print("Distance: ");
  Serial.println(distance);

  if(distance < 10){
    digitalWrite(BUZZER_PIN, HIGH);
    client.publish("garbage/status","BIN FULL");
  } else {
    digitalWrite(BUZZER_PIN, LOW);
    client.publish("garbage/status","BIN NOT FULL");
  }

  delay(3000);
}

⚙️ Working Logic

1️⃣ Ultrasonic sensor measures distance2️⃣ If distance < threshold → Bin full3️⃣ Buzzer ON4️⃣ MQTT alert sent5️⃣ If distance > threshold → Normal

🏙 Applications

Smart Cities

• Smart Cities

Municipal Corporations

• Municipal Corporations

Public Areas

• Public Areas

Schools

• Schools

Hospitals

• Hospitals

Malls

• Malls

💼 Business Opportunity

✔ Smart city solution✔ Municipal waste monitoring✔ Commercial IoT deployment✔ Scalable smart infrastructure

📞 Project Support

For:

✔ Complete Code✔ Dashboard✔ Android App✔ PCB Design✔ Commercial Deployment

📲 WhatsApp: +91 9336183481

🏁 Conclusion

Smart Garbage Bin Full Alert System ensures:

✔ Clean surroundings✔ Timely waste collection✔ Reduced overflow✔ Smart city readiness

A scalable IoT-based waste management solution.