Ryan SigarCatherine Song
Created June 24, 2016 © GPL3+

IntelliBin (The Smart Trash Bin)

Despite initiatives to teach people good recycling habits, recyclables are still being improperly disposed. IntelliBin aims to fix that.

IntermediateFull instructions provided24 hours899

Things used in this project

Hardware components

Raspberry Pi 3 Model B
Raspberry Pi 3 Model B
×1
9V 1A Switching Wall Power Supply
9V 1A Switching Wall Power Supply
×1
Linear Regulator (7805)
Linear Regulator (7805)
×1
Power MOSFET N-Channel
Power MOSFET N-Channel
×1
logitech c270 webcam
×1

Software apps and online services

Raspbian
Raspberry Pi Raspbian

Hand tools and fabrication machines

Soldering iron (generic)
Soldering iron (generic)
Table Saw

Story

Read more

Custom parts and enclosures

Enclosure dimensions.

Schematics

Simple Overall Diagram

Flow Chart

Timeline

Code

Main.c

C/C++
Run it from a Raspberry Pi

Compile:
g++ -ggdb `pkg-config --cflags opencv` -o `basename main.cpp .cpp` main.cpp SmartTrashBinObjects.cpp `pkg-config --libs opencv`

Run:
sudo ./main
//#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp> //Including in SmartTrashBinObjects.h for the sake of organization
//#include <opencv/cv.hpp> //included in SmartTrashBinObjects.h to avoid redundancy and improve compile time

#include <string>
#include <sstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <stdio.h>

#include <wiringPi.h>

#include "SmartTrashBinObjects.h"

#include <vector>

//using namespace cv;
//using namespace std;

//build using: g++ -ggdb `pkg-config --cflags opencv` -o `basename main.cpp .cpp` main.cpp `pkg-config --libs opencv`

//UPDATE: build using this to incorporate the SmartTrashBinObjects.cpp file: 
//g++ -ggdb `pkg-config --cflags opencv` -o `basename main.cpp .cpp` main.cpp SmartTrashBinObjects.cpp `pkg-config --libs opencv`

//STEP 1 convert from BGR(blue, green, red) to HSV color space (hue, saturation, value )

#define FRAME_WIDTH		400//640
#define FRAME_HEIGHT 		300//480

#define MAX_NUM_OBJECTS 	7

#define MIN_OBJECT_AREA	45*45
#define MAX_OBJECT_AREA	FRAME_HEIGHT*FRAME_WIDTH/1.5

//going to use these values in a trackbar (max and min HSV colorspace values)
int H_MIN = 0, H_MAX = 256;
int S_MIN = 0, S_MAX = 256;
int V_MIN = 0, V_MAX = 256;

//Window names
const string  
windowName 	= "Original Image",
windowName1 	= "HSV Image",
windowName2 	= "Threshold Image",
windowName3	= "After Morphological Operations",
trackbarWindowName = "Trackbars";

string IntToString(int number)
{
	std::stringstream ss;
	ss << number;
	return ss.str();
}

void on_trackbar(int, void*)
{
	//Nothing
}

void CreateTrackbars()
{
	//create a window
	namedWindow(trackbarWindowName, 0);
	
	//create memory to store tackbar name on window
	char TrackbarName[50];
	
	sprintf(TrackbarName, "H_MIN", H_MIN);
	sprintf(TrackbarName, "H_MAX", H_MAX);
	
	sprintf(TrackbarName, "S_MIN", S_MIN);
	sprintf(TrackbarName, "S_MAX", S_MAX);
	
	sprintf(TrackbarName, "V_MIN", V_MIN);
	sprintf(TrackbarName, "V_MAX", V_MAX);
	
	//create and insert trackbars into window
	//createTrackbar(Name to appear beside trackbar, name of window to appear in, address of modifyable value, max value, function to call whenever something is changed.)
	
		
	
	createTrackbar( "H_MIN", trackbarWindowName, &H_MIN, H_MAX, on_trackbar);
	createTrackbar( "H_MAX", trackbarWindowName, &H_MAX, H_MAX, on_trackbar);

	createTrackbar( "S_MIN", trackbarWindowName, &S_MIN, S_MAX, on_trackbar);
	createTrackbar( "S_MAX", trackbarWindowName, &S_MAX, S_MAX, on_trackbar);
	
	createTrackbar( "V_MIN", trackbarWindowName, &V_MIN, V_MAX, on_trackbar);
	createTrackbar( "V_MAX", trackbarWindowName, &V_MAX, V_MAX, on_trackbar);

}

//void DrawObject(int x, int y, Mat &frame) //instead of passing in ints x and y, we'll pass in an c++ object we created
//void DrawObject(Waste ourWaste, Mat &frame) //instead of passing in a single object,  we're gonna pass in a vector containing Waste objects (corrected line is below)
void DrawObject(vector<Waste> ourWaste, Mat &frame)
{
	//unpacking the 'ourWaste' vector, containing all the similar objects we see on screen 
	for(int i = 0; i < ourWaste.size(); i++)
	{
		//immediately below is code for a single object detection algorithm
		//circle(frame, Point(x,y), 20, Scalar(0,255,0), 2);
		//int x = ourWaste.getXPos();
		//int y = ourWaste.getYPos();
		
		
		int x = ourWaste.at(i).getXPos();
		int y = ourWaste.at(i).getYPos();
	
		circle(frame, Point(x,y), 20, Scalar(0,255,0), 2);
		//putText(frame to put text on, TEXT, font face, size i think, color)
		putText(frame, IntToString(x) + " , " + IntToString(y), Point(x, y+20), 1, 1, Scalar(0, 255, 0)); //an offset of +20 for our y value means we're going downward on the screen
		
		//new! This is the text we will put next to the object to identify the type of trash we will be putting into it
		putText(frame,  ourWaste.at(i).getType(), Point(x, y-30), 1, 2, ourWaste.at(i).getTextColor() );
	}
}

void MorphOps(Mat &thresh)
{
	//we want to erode and dilate the image
	
	//these are the structuring elements that will be used to do this
	//the erode element will be a 3x3 rectangle
	Mat erodeElement = getStructuringElement(MORPH_RECT, Size(3, 3));
	//we will dilate with a larger element to make sue object is nicely visible
	Mat dilateElement = getStructuringElement(MORPH_RECT, Size(8, 8));
	
	erode(thresh,thresh,erodeElement);
	erode(thresh,thresh,erodeElement);
	erode(thresh,thresh,erodeElement);
	
	dilate(thresh, thresh, dilateElement);
	dilate(thresh, thresh, dilateElement);
}

//We can actually overload this function and implement a different version of it so that it can take in a different combination of parameters
//I've implemented the 2nd version of this method below this immediate one
void TrackFilteredObject(int &x, int&y, Mat threshold, Mat &cameraFeed)
{
		
	//int x, y; //instead of using just pure x and y positions, we're gonna use classes
	
	//Waste paper; //object named paper of class Waste,  from SmartTrashBinObjects.h
	
	//creating a vector to contain the multiple paper objects we're gonna be seeing on the camera
	//this is essentially an array that allocates more space than we need so that we can push stuff onto it easily
	vector<Waste> paperObjects; //this should just be a generic waste object, Idk why i named it paper objects
	
	Mat temp;
	threshold.copyTo(temp);
	
	vector <vector <Point> > contours;
	vector <Vec4i> hierarchy;
	
	findContours(temp, contours, hierarchy, CV_RETR_CCOMP, CV_CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE);
	
	double refArea = 0;
	bool objectFound = false;
	
	if(hierarchy.size() > 0)
	{
		int numObjects = hierarchy.size();
		if(numObjects < MAX_NUM_OBJECTS)
		{
			for (int index = 0; index >= 0; index = hierarchy[index][0])
			{
				Moments moment = moments((cv::Mat)contours[index]);
				double area = moment.m00;
				
				if(area > MIN_OBJECT_AREA) //&& area <MAX_OBJECT_AREA && area > refArea - ADDITIONAL UNECESSARY CONDITIONS
				{
					//Waste.xPos = moment.m10/area; //won't work, xPos is private. Need to create a function to write values to it. 
					
					//private variables are used in large programs to localize variables that many objects have (like xPos or yPos in our case) to those SPECIFIC objects
					
					
					//x = moment.m10/area;
					//y = moment.m01/area;
					
					//need to create a temporary paper object of class Waste 
					Waste paper;
					
					//Set x and y position of  paper object
					//paper.setXPos(moment.m10/area);
					//paper.setYPos(moment.m01/area); 
					
					paper.setXPos(moment.m10/area);
					paper.setYPos(moment.m01/area); 
					
					//push this new object into our paperObjects vector. This allows us to have multiple instances of it
					paperObjects.push_back(paper);
					
					objectFound = true;
					refArea = area;
				}
				else
				{
					objectFound = false;
				}
			}
			
			if(objectFound)
			{
				putText(cameraFeed, "Tracking Object", Point(0,50),2,1, Scalar(0,255,0), 2);
				//DrawObject(x,y,cameraFeed); //trying to eliminate usage of x and y 
				
				//DrawObject(paper,cameraFeed); //instead of drawing just one object like in this line, we want to draw the entire vector. 
				DrawObject(paperObjects,cameraFeed); //this will draw all of the objects we pushed onto the paperObjects vector
				
				
			}
			else
			{
				putText(cameraFeed, "No objects found. Adjust Filter.", Point(0,50), 1,2,Scalar(0,0,255, 2));
			}
		}
	} 
}

//2nd version of TrackFilteredObject. Now designed to receive an object
void TrackFilteredObject(Waste ourWaste, Mat threshold, Mat HSV, Mat &cameraFeed)
{
		
	//int x, y; //instead of using just pure x and y positions, we're gonna use classes
	
	//Waste paper; //object named paper of class Waste,  from SmartTrashBinObjects.h
	
	//creating a vector to contain the multiple paper objects we're gonna be seeing on the camera
	//this is essentially an array that allocates more space than we need so that we can push stuff onto it easily
	vector<Waste> paperObjects;
	
	Mat temp;
	threshold.copyTo(temp);
	
	vector <vector <Point> > contours;
	vector <Vec4i> hierarchy;
	
	findContours(temp, contours, hierarchy, CV_RETR_CCOMP, CV_CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE);
	
	double refArea = 0;
	bool objectFound = false;
	
	if(hierarchy.size() > 0)
	{
		int numObjects = hierarchy.size();
		if(numObjects < MAX_NUM_OBJECTS)
		{
			for (int index = 0; index >= 0; index = hierarchy[index][0])
			{
				Moments moment = moments((cv::Mat)contours[index]);
				double area = moment.m00;
				
				if(area > MIN_OBJECT_AREA)
				{
					//Waste.xPos = moment.m10/area; //won't work, xPos is private. Need to create a function to write values to it. 
					
					//private variables are used in large programs to localize variables that many objects have (like xPos or yPos in our case) to those SPECIFIC objects
					
					
					//x = moment.m10/area;
					//y = moment.m01/area;
					
					//need to create a temporary paper object of class Waste 
					Waste paper;
					
					//Set x and y position of  paper object
					//paper.setXPos(moment.m10/area);
					//paper.setYPos(moment.m01/area); 
					
					paper.setXPos(moment.m10/area);
					paper.setYPos(moment.m01/area);
					 
					//new things implemented to set our Text and color of our text
					paper.setType(ourWaste.getType());
					paper.setTextColor(ourWaste.getTextColor());
					
					
					//push this new object into our paperObjects vector. This allows us to have multiple instances of it
					paperObjects.push_back(paper);
					
					objectFound = true;
				}
				else
				{
					objectFound = false;
				}
			}
			
			if(objectFound)
			{
				putText(cameraFeed, "Tracking Object", Point(0,50),2,1, Scalar(0,255,0), 2);
				//DrawObject(x,y,cameraFeed); //trying to eliminate usage of x and y 
				
				//DrawObject(paper,cameraFeed); //instead of drawing just one object like in this line, we want to draw the entire vector. 
				DrawObject(paperObjects,cameraFeed); //this will draw all of the objects we pushed onto the paperObjects vector
				
				
			}
			else
			{
				putText(cameraFeed, "No objects found. Adjust Filter.", Point(0,50), 1,2,Scalar(0,0,255, 2));
			}
		}
	} 
}


int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
	bool calibrationMode 		= false;
	bool trackObjects 		= true;
	bool useMorphOperations 	= true;

	//Create matrix to store each frame of the webcam feed
	Mat cameraFeed;
	
	//Create matrix to store HSV image
	Mat HSV;
	
	//Create matrix to store binary threshold image (black/white)
	Mat threshold;

	//Used for image tracking
	int xObject = 0, yObject = 0;
	
	//Creates the sliders/trackbars to allow us to select values for HSV filtering
	if(calibrationMode)
	{
		CreateTrackbars();
	}
	/*
	H_MIN = 0;
	H_MAX = 256;
	S_MIN = 174;
	S_MAX = 256;
	V_MIN = 113;
	V_MAX = 256;
	*/
	
	//Create a VideoCapture object. This basically means get a video image from the camera
	VideoCapture capture;
	
	//open capture object at location zero (ie get media from the camera device 0)
	capture.open(0);
	
	//seting height and width of capture frame
	capture.set(CV_CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH, FRAME_WIDTH);
	capture.set(CV_CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT, FRAME_HEIGHT);
	
	//where all the work is done
	while(1)
	{
		//read data from camera and store into CameraFeed matrix
		capture.read(cameraFeed);
		
		//converts from one color space to another (in our case BGR to HSV colorspace)
		//cvtColor(input image frame, output frame, colorspace conversion code, number of channels in output img)
		cvtColor(cameraFeed, HSV, COLOR_BGR2HSV); // cameraFeed ---BGR to HSV--> HSV

		if(calibrationMode)
		{

			//filter HSV image and display output to the threshold matrix
			//inRange(input array, lowerBound array, upperBound array, output array)
			//sees is the values in the HSV matrix lie within the desired bounds, and outputs a 1 in the respective index in
			//the output array, threshold, which is how we will see the object
			inRange(HSV, Scalar(H_MIN,S_MIN,V_MIN), Scalar(H_MAX,S_MAX,V_MAX), threshold);
	
			//eliminate noise through morphological operations on threshold image
			if(useMorphOperations)
			{
				MorphOps(threshold);
			}
		
			imshow(windowName2, 	threshold);
			
			if(trackObjects)
			{
				TrackFilteredObject(xObject, yObject, threshold, cameraFeed);
			}
		}
		else //if not in calibration mode, hardcode our values in!!!
		{
			Waste orange("orange"), papers("paper"), indomie("plastic");
			
			//hardcoding values for each of our objects here
			//calibrated for orange paper
			orange.setHSVmin(Scalar(0, 111, 159));
			orange.setHSVmax(Scalar(58, 194, 256));
			
			//calibrated for purple  paper
			papers.setHSVmin(Scalar(120, 68, 144));
			papers.setHSVmax(Scalar(153, 120, 187));
			
			//calibrated for red paper
			indomie.setHSVmin(Scalar(160, 79, 192));
			indomie.setHSVmax(Scalar(175, 256, 256));
		
			//filter HSV image and display output to the threshold matrix
			//inRange(input array, lowerBound array, upperBound array, output array)
			//sees is the values in the HSV matrix lie within the desired bounds, and outputs a 1 in the respective index in
			//the output array, threshold, which is how we will see the object
			inRange(HSV, orange.getHSVmin(), orange.getHSVmax(), threshold);
			MorphOps(threshold);
			TrackFilteredObject(orange, threshold, HSV, cameraFeed);
			//TrackFilteredObject(xObject, yObject, threshold, cameraFeed);
			
			
			inRange(HSV, papers.getHSVmin(), papers.getHSVmax(), threshold);
			MorphOps(threshold);
			//TrackFilteredObject(xObject, yObject, threshold, cameraFeed);
			TrackFilteredObject(papers, threshold, HSV, cameraFeed);
			
			inRange(HSV, indomie.getHSVmin(), indomie.getHSVmax(), threshold);
			MorphOps(threshold);
			//TrackFilteredObject(xObject, yObject, threshold, cameraFeed); //sort of deprecated use of the TrackFilteredObject method
			TrackFilteredObject(indomie, threshold, HSV, cameraFeed);
			
		}

		//Show original image, HSV'd image, and the filtered image
		//imshow(windowName2, 	threshold);
		imshow(windowName, 	cameraFeed);		
		//imshow(windowName1,	HSV);
		
		//we need this, images won't appear without this function here.
		waitKey(30);	
	}	
	
	return 0;
	
}

SmartTrashBinObjects.cpp

C/C++
Header file for main code
#include "SmartTrashBinObjects.h"

Waste::Waste(void)
{
}

Waste::~Waste(void)
{
}

Waste::Waste(string objectName)
{
	if(objectName == "orange")
	{
		//We can actually just set HSV mins and maxes here if we wanted
		//We would have to detect the name "orange" being passed in first
		//orange.setHSVmin(Scalar(0, 81, 239));
		//orange.setHSVmax(Scalar(126, 212, 256));
		
		//no need to have "orange dot setHSVmin or max"  in this. 
		//This statement would just apply to any object that we decided to pass in the string "orange" to. the object could 
		//be named bobMarley. But if we initialized it as -> Waste bobMarley("orange"), the following statements would be read, and he would have our orange
		//attributes. Not saying he doesn't have good music, he certainly does. But, eh it is 4/20. So yay bob marley examples.  
		setHSVmin(Scalar(0, 81, 239));
		setHSVmax(Scalar(126, 212, 256));
		
		//set the color of our text
		//In opencv, the parameters in the Scalar function are read as BGR. As in it reads the Scalar for those values in this order: Scalar(B,G,R). 
		//setTextColor(Scalar(0,153,0)); //Green text
		setTextColor(Scalar(0,215,255)); //Orange BGR
		
		//This is actually setting the string for our object to be "orange"
		//I didn't include this before and was wondering why no text was showing up ._.
		setType(objectName);
	}
	
	if(objectName == "paper")
	{
		setHSVmin(Scalar(18, 69, 228));
		setHSVmax(Scalar(256, 188, 256));
	
		//set the color of our text	
		setTextColor(Scalar(0,255,255)); //Yellow (BGR)
		
		//set Text name to whatever we passed in when instantiating the object
		setType(objectName);
	}
	
	if(objectName == "plastic")
	{

		setHSVmin(Scalar(45, 90, 27));
		setHSVmax(Scalar(87, 191, 256));
		
		//set the color of our text
		setTextColor(Scalar(47,255,173)); //Greenyellow (BGR)
		
		//set text name to whatever we passed in when instantiating the object
		setType(objectName);
	}
}

//defining a coordinate getter (reader) method for our class
int Waste::getXPos()
{
	return Waste::xPos;
}

int Waste::getYPos()
{
	return Waste::yPos;
}


//defining an accessor method for our class
void Waste::setXPos(int x)
{
	Waste::xPos = x;
	//xPos = x; //does the same exact thing as the line above
}

//defining an accessor method for our class
void Waste::setYPos(int y)
{
	Waste::yPos = y;
	//yPos = y; //does the same exact thing as the line above
}

//Implementing max and min HSV value getters 
Scalar Waste::getHSVmin()
{
	return Waste::HSVmin;
}
		
		
Scalar Waste::getHSVmax()
{
	return Waste::HSVmax;
}

//Implementing max and min HSV setters
void Waste::setHSVmin(cv::Scalar min)
{
	Waste::HSVmin =  min;
}
		
		
void Waste::setHSVmax(cv::Scalar max)
{
	Waste::HSVmax = max;
}

SmartTrashBinObjects.h

C/C++
Header file that defines each of the classes used in the project.
#pragma once

#ifndef SMARTTRASHBINOBJECTS_H
#define SMARTTRASHBINOBJECTS_H
#include<string> //to enable use of the string library

#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>//moved this include here from main.cpp 
#include <opencv/cv.hpp> //only included here, if we included this in main redundantly, this would increase our compile time

//also gonna put our namespaces here.
using namespace std;
using namespace cv;

//a class of waste objects
class Waste
{
	public: 		
		Waste(void);
		~Waste(void);
		
		//Going to overload object constructor to allow for us to pass a string into each of the instantiated objects (paper, plastic, whatever) so we can display it 
		Waste(string objectName);
		
		int getXPos(void);
		void setXPos(int x);
		
		int getYPos(void);
		void setYPos(int y);
		
		//must include cv.hpp header to get this stuff to work
		//declaring the 'getter' methods
		Scalar getHSVmin();		//returns HSVmin scalar value, declared in the private scope of this class below
		Scalar getHSVmax();		//returns HSVmax scalar value, also declared below in the private scope of this class below
		
		//creating our 'setter' methods for the min and max HSV values
		void setHSVmin(cv::Scalar min);	//sets HSVmin scalar value, declared in the private scope of this class below
		void setHSVmax(cv::Scalar max);	//sets HSVmax scalar value, declared in the private scope of this class below
		
		//implementing getter and setter methods for object names
		string getType()
		{
			return type;
		}
		
		void setType(string t)
		{
			type = t;
		}
		
		Scalar getTextColor()
		{
			return textColor;
		}
		
		void setTextColor(Scalar color)
		{
			textColor = color;
		}
		
	private:
		
		//to represent the position of each waste object
		int xPos, yPos;
		std::string type; //part of the standard (std) scope
		
		//for hard coding our values into our program
		cv::Scalar HSVmin, HSVmax;
		
		//for setting the color of our tracking text
		cv::Scalar textColor;
		
}; //ALWAYS PUT A SEMICOLON AT THE END OF A CLASS DECLARATION

#endif

Credits

Ryan Sigar

Ryan Sigar

1 project • 0 followers
Catherine Song

Catherine Song

1 project • 0 followers
Thanks to Kyle Hounslow and Jeffery Lim.

Comments