DC Motor Speed Control using PWM Signal on STM32F401CB

Speed Motor Controller

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DC Motor Speed Control using PWM Signal on STM32F401CB

Things used in this project

Hardware components

DC motor (generic)

Texas Instruments Dual H-Bridge motor drivers L293D

Battery, 12 V

STM32F401CB

Software apps and online services

Proteus 8 Profesional

Keil uvision5

Hand tools and fabrication machines

Soldering iron (generic)

Solder Flux, Soldering

Wire Stripper & Cutter, 18-10 AWG / 0.75-4mm² Capacity Wires

Digilent Mastech MS8217 Autorange Digital Multimeter

Plier, Needle Nose

Story

Motor Speed Controller Using STM32F401CB

A motor speed controller is an important technology that is useful for regulating and maintaining motor rotation speed as needed. In its application, motor speed controllers are useful in various fields, such as robotics, machinery, and household appliances, so that work processes are more precise, safe, and in accordance with the expected specifications.
However, the design of a motor speed controller must not be taken lightly. Thorough planning and simulation are also important to ensure performance and safety when implemented in the field. Careful design, particularly in PWM settings and motor drivers, is useful for maintaining rotational stability and protecting the motor from damage due to overcurrent or improper voltage.
Simulation helps detect issues and make improvements before physical implementation. By conducting tests and calibrations in Proteus, the design process can run more smoothly and reliably, ensuring that when implemented, the motor speed controller operates according to the expected specifications.

HOW TO USE
Please copy and paste the code you have into Keil µVision5. Then, open Proteus 8 Professional and assemble the circuit according to the layout shown in the diagram.
Feel free to add other components according to your creativity and needs, such as an LCD display, buttons, or sensors to further enhance its functionality.
Once the circuit is complete, connect the STM32F401CB microcontroller to the motor driver being used, then upload the program you designed.
Run the simulation to observe the response and performance of the motor speed controller as expected. By conducting thorough design and testing processes, the motor can operate more stably, precisely, and reliably.

Code

PWM Signal Code In Keil uvision5

#include "stm32f4xx.h"
#include <stdint.h>

// Definisi pin motor
#define IN1_PIN     0   // PA0
#define IN2_PIN     1   // PA1
#define EN1_PIN     8   // PA8

#define DELAY_1S    400000U  // delay dasar (disesuaikan dengan clock)

void delay(volatile uint32_t time) {
    while (time--);
}

void GPIO_Init(void) {
    // Aktifkan clock untuk GPIOA
    RCC->AHB1ENR |= RCC_AHB1ENR_GPIOAEN;

    // Atur PA0, PA1, PA8 sebagai output (MODER = 01)
    GPIOA->MODER |= (1 << (IN1_PIN * 2)) | (1 << (IN2_PIN * 2)) | (1 << (EN1_PIN * 2));
    // (clear pull-up/down, speed default, type default)
}

void Motor_Forward(void) {
    // IN1 = 1, IN2 = 0 ? motor maju
    GPIOA->ODR |= (1 << IN1_PIN);
    GPIOA->ODR &= ~(1 << IN2_PIN);
}

void Motor_Backward(void) {
    // IN1 = 0, IN2 = 1 ? motor mundur
    GPIOA->ODR &= ~(1 << IN1_PIN);
    GPIOA->ODR |= (1 << IN2_PIN);
}

void Motor_Stop(void) {
    // IN1 = 0, IN2 = 0 ? motor berhenti
    GPIOA->ODR &= ~((1 << IN1_PIN) | (1 << IN2_PIN));
}

void Motor_Enable(void) {
    // EN1 = 1 ? aktifkan driver motor
    GPIOA->ODR |= (1 << EN1_PIN);
}

void Motor_Disable(void) {
    // EN1 = 0 ? nonaktifkan motor
    GPIOA->ODR &= ~(1 << EN1_PIN);
}

int main(void) {
    GPIO_Init();

    while (1) {
        Motor_Enable();

        Motor_Forward();
        delay(3 * DELAY_1S); // Jalan maju 3 detik

        Motor_Stop();
        delay(1 * DELAY_1S); // Berhenti 1 detik

        Motor_Backward();
        delay(3 * DELAY_1S); // Jalan mundur 3 detik

        Motor_Stop();
        delay(2 * DELAY_1S); // Berhenti 2 detik
    }
}