Brijesh Singh
Published © GPL3+

Solar Panel Dual Management System (SP DMS)

This IoT prototype performs two functions: 1) Theft prevention and 2) Maintenance Indication of solar panel using LinkIt ONE and Sensors

IntermediateFull instructions provided3 days14,524

Things used in this project

Hardware components

Grove Dust Sensor
×1
Grove 3-axis accelerometer sensor
×1
ACS712 current sensor module (5A)
×1
Resistors 47k
×1
Resistor 470k
×1
Male/Male Jumper Wires
Components mention after this needed only if you build base shield
×1
Male/Female Jumper Wires
Male/Female Jumper Wires
×1
Female/Female Jumper Wires
Female/Female Jumper Wires
×1
General Purpose PCB
×1
2.54mm pitch pin headers - Female 40pin in 1 line
×1
2.54mm pitch 40 pin male header strip
×1
2pin Screw terminal
×1

Software apps and online services

Arduino IDE
Arduino IDE
Ubidots
Ubidots

Hand tools and fabrication machines

Multimeter
Soldering iron (generic)
Soldering iron (generic)
Required only when making base shield
PCB cutter
Required only when making base shield

Story

Read more

Schematics

Sensors Interfacing Block Diagram

Sensors Interfacing Block Diagram

Code

Theft_protection_accelerometer.ino

Arduino
#include <Wire.h>      //library to establised I2C communication between LinkIt One and Grove - 3-Axis Digital Accelerometer(16g)
#include <ADXL345.h>  //This library of ADXL345 used extract data read by sensor in various forms

ADXL345 adxl;       //variable adxl is an instance of the ADXL345 library

int x_initial,y_initial,z_initial;
double xyz_initial[3];
double ax_initial,ay_initial,az_initial;

//Function to Store initial axis value of x,y & z for comparision  
void axis_initialization(){  
  adxl.readXYZ(&x_initial, &y_initial, &z_initial); //read the accelerometer values and store them in variables  x_initial,y_initial,z_initial
  adxl.getAcceleration(xyz_initial);
  ax_initial = xyz_initial[0];
  ay_initial = xyz_initial[1];
  az_initial = xyz_initial[2];
  delay(500);
 }

//To compare initial values with current reading of x,y & z values for theft protection
int compareResult(){
  //Boring accelerometer stuff   
  int x,y,z,Xchange,Ychange,Zchange;  
  adxl.readXYZ(&x, &y, &z); //read the accelerometer values and store them in variables  x,y,z
  // Output x,y,z values 
 
  Serial.print("values of X , Y , Z: ");
  Serial.print(x);
  Serial.print(" , ");
  Serial.print(y);
  Serial.print(" , ");
  Serial.println(z);

  
  double xyz[3];
  double ax,ay,az;
  adxl.getAcceleration(xyz);
  ax = xyz[0];
  ay = xyz[1];
  az = xyz[2];


  Serial.print("X=");
  Serial.print(ax);
    Serial.println(" g");
  Serial.print("Y=");
  Serial.print(ay);
    Serial.println(" g");
  Serial.print("Z=");
  Serial.println(az);
    Serial.println(" g");
  Serial.println("**********************");


  if((int)ax!=(int)ax_initial){
      Xchange=1;   
  } 
  else {
      Xchange=0;
  }
  
  Serial.print("Xchange:");
  Serial.println(Xchange);

  if((int)ay!=(int)ay_initial){
      Ychange=1;   
  } 
  else {
      Ychange=0;
  }
 
  Serial.print("Ychange:");
  Serial.println(Ychange);

  if((int)az!=(int)az_initial){
      Zchange=1;   
  } 
  else {
      Zchange=0;
  }
  
  Serial.print("Zchange:");
  Serial.println(Zchange);
  
  if((Xchange==1)||(Ychange==1)||(Zchange==1)){
    return 1;
  }
  else return 0;
  
  }
void setup(){
  Serial.begin(9600);
  delay(5000);
  adxl.powerOn();
  axis_initialization();
  Serial.println("SP DMS");
}

void loop(){
  int unauthorised_activity;
  unauthorised_activity=compareResult();
  if(unauthorised_activity==1){
    Serial.println("There is unauthorised activity...");
    }  
 delay(500);

}

Grove_dust_sensor.ino

Arduino
/*
 Interface to Shinyei Model PPD42NS Particle Sensor
 Program by Christopher Nafis 
 Written April 2012
 
 http://www.seeedstudio.com/depot/grove-dust-sensor-p-1050.html
 http://www.sca-shinyei.com/pdf/PPD42NS.pdf
 
 JST Pin 1 (Black Wire)  => Arduino GND
 JST Pin 3 (Red wire)    => Arduino 5VDC
 JST Pin 4 (Yellow wire) => Arduino Digital Pin 8
 */

int pin = 2;
unsigned long duration;
unsigned long starttime;
unsigned long sampletime_ms = 30000;
unsigned long lowpulseoccupancy = 0;
float ratio = 0;
float concentration = 0;

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);
  pinMode(2,INPUT);
  starttime = millis();
}

void loop() {
  duration = pulseIn(pin, LOW);
  lowpulseoccupancy = lowpulseoccupancy+duration;

  if ((millis()-starttime) > sampletime_ms)
  {
    ratio = lowpulseoccupancy/(sampletime_ms*10.0);  // Integer percentage 0=>100
    concentration = 1.1*pow(ratio,3)-3.8*pow(ratio,2)+520*ratio+0.62; // using spec sheet curve
    Serial.print(lowpulseoccupancy);
    Serial.print(",");
    Serial.print(ratio);
    Serial.print(",");
    Serial.println(concentration);
    lowpulseoccupancy = 0;
    starttime = millis();
  }
}

analogVoltage_readL.ino

Arduino
uint32_t analogPin = A0;   
uint32_t value = 0;

float vout = 0.0;
float vin = 0.0;
float R1 = 470000.0;// resistance of R1 (470k) 
float R2 = 47000.0; // resistance of R2 (47K) 

void setup()
{
   Serial.begin(9600);
}
void loop()
{
    // read the value at analog input
    value = analogRead(analogPin);
    Serial.print("Analog Value =");
    Serial.println(value);
    vout = (value * 5.0) / 1024.0;
    vin = vout*(R1+R2)/R2; 
    Serial.print("Voltage =");
    Serial.println(vin);
    delay(2000);
}

analogVoltage_readL_calib.ino

Arduino
uint32_t analogPin = A2;   
uint32_t value = 0;

float vout = 0.0;
float vin = 0.0;
float R1 = 470000.0; // resistance of R1 (470k) 
float R2 = 47000.0; // resistance of R2 (47K) 

void setup()
{
   Serial.begin(9600);
}
void loop()
{
    float avgVolt=0,clb;
    // read the value at analog input
    for(int i=0;i<100;i++){
      value = analogRead(analogPin);
      vout = (value * 5.0) / 1024.0;
      vin = vout*(R1+R2)/R2; 
      clb=vin*0.767;
      vin=vin+clb;
      avgVolt=avgVolt+vin;
    }
    avgVolt=avgVolt/100.0;
    Serial.print("Voltage =");
    Serial.println(avgVolt,1);
    
}

current_sensor_test.ino

Arduino
//Code to measure current AC/DC using ACS712 sensor module(5A model)
// the setup routine runs once when you press reset:
void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);    // initialize serial communication at 9600 bits per second:
}

// the loop routine runs over and over again forever:
void loop() {
float average = 0;
for(int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
average = average + (.0264 * analogRead(A0)-13.51);
delay(1);
}
Serial.print(average);
Serial.println("mA");
}

Current_Voltage_Read.ino

Arduino
Combine test code for current and voltage.
uint32_t value = 0;

float vout = 0.0;
float vin = 0.0;
float R1 = 470000.0; // resistance of R1 (470k) 
float R2 = 47000.0; // resistance of R2 (47K) 

// the setup routine runs once when you press reset:
void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);    // initialize serial communication at 9600 bits per second:
}

// the loop routine runs over and over again forever:
void loop() {
    float avgCurrent = 0,avgVolt=0,clb;
// read the value at analog input A0(Current)
    for(int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
      avgCurrent = avgCurrent + (.0264 * analogRead(A0)-13.51);
      delay(1);
    }
    Serial.print("  Current =");
    Serial.print(avgCurrent);
    Serial.print("mA");
// read the value at analog input A2(Voltage)
    for(int i=0;i<100;i++){
      value = analogRead(A2);
      vout = (value * 5.0) / 1024.0;
      vin = vout*(R1+R2)/R2; 
      clb=vin*0.767;
      vin=vin+clb;
      avgVolt=avgVolt+vin;
    }
    avgVolt=avgVolt/100.0;
    Serial.print("\tVoltage =");
    Serial.println(avgVolt,1);
}

adxl_Voltage_current_dust.ino

Arduino
All sensors combine test code.
#include <Wire.h>      //library to establised I2C communication between LinkIt One and Grove - 3-Axis Digital Accelerometer(16g)
#include <ADXL345.h>  //This library of ADXL345 used extract data read by sensor in various forms

//Accelerometer variables
ADXL345 adxl; //variable adxl is an instance of the ADXL345 library

//variables to store the initial state of device after installation when power on 
int x_initial,y_initial,z_initial;
double xyz_initial[3];
double ax_initial,ay_initial,az_initial;

//variables for Voltage reading
uint32_t Volt_value = 0;
float vout = 0.0;
float vin = 0.0;
float R1 = 470000.0; // resistance of R1 (470k) 
float R2 = 47000.0; // resistance of R2 (47K) 

//variables for Dust Sensor
int pin = 2;
unsigned long duration;
unsigned long starttime;
unsigned long sampletime_ms = 30000;
unsigned long lowpulseoccupancy = 0;
float ratio = 0;
float concentration = 0;

//Function to Store initial axis value of x,y & z for comparision  
void axis_initialization(){  
  adxl.readXYZ(&x_initial, &y_initial, &z_initial); //read the accelerometer values and store them in variables  x_initial,y_initial,z_initial
  adxl.getAcceleration(xyz_initial);
  ax_initial = xyz_initial[0];
  ay_initial = xyz_initial[1];
  az_initial = xyz_initial[2];
  delay(500);
 }

//To compare initial values with current reading of x,y & z values for theft protection
int compareResult(){
  //Boring accelerometer stuff   
  int x,y,z,Xchange,Ychange,Zchange;  
  adxl.readXYZ(&x, &y, &z); //read the accelerometer values and store them in variables  x,y,z
  // Output x,y,z values 
  double xyz[3];
  double ax,ay,az;
  adxl.getAcceleration(xyz);
  ax = xyz[0];
  ay = xyz[1];
  az = xyz[2];

  if((int)ax!=(int)ax_initial){
      Xchange=1;   
  } 
  else {
      Xchange=0;
  }

  if((int)ay!=(int)ay_initial){
      Ychange=1;   
  } 
  else {
      Ychange=0;
  }

  if((int)az!=(int)az_initial){
      Zchange=1;   
  } 
  else {
      Zchange=0;
  }
  
  if((Xchange==1)||(Ychange==1)||(Zchange==1)){
    return 1;
  }
  else return 0;
}

void DustCal(){
    duration = pulseIn(pin, LOW);
    lowpulseoccupancy = lowpulseoccupancy+duration;
  
    if ((millis()-starttime) > sampletime_ms)
    {
      ratio = lowpulseoccupancy/(sampletime_ms*10.0);  // Integer percentage 0=>100
      concentration = 1.1*pow(ratio,3)-3.8*pow(ratio,2)+520*ratio+0.62; // using spec sheet curve
      Serial.print("  lowpulseoccupancy: ");
      Serial.print(lowpulseoccupancy);
      Serial.print(",");
      Serial.print("ratio: ");
      Serial.print(ratio);
      Serial.print(",");
      Serial.print("concentration: ");
      Serial.println(concentration);
      lowpulseoccupancy = 0;
      starttime = millis();
    } 
    Serial.println();
  }
  
void setup(){
  Serial.begin(9600);
  adxl.powerOn();
  axis_initialization();
  pinMode(2,INPUT);
  starttime = millis();
}

void loop(){
  int unauthorised_activity=0;
  unauthorised_activity=compareResult();
  
  if(unauthorised_activity==1){
    Serial.println("There is unauthorised activity...");
    }
   else {
      float avgCurrent = 0,avgVolt=0,clb=0;
      
      // read the value at analog input A0(Current)
      for(int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
        avgCurrent = avgCurrent + (.0264 * analogRead(A0)-13.51);
        delay(1);
      }
      Serial.print("  Current =");
      Serial.print(avgCurrent);
      Serial.print("mA");
      // read the value at analog input A2(Voltage)
      for(int i=0;i<100;i++){
        Volt_value = analogRead(A2);
        vout = (Volt_value * 5.0) / 1024.0;
        vin = vout*(R1+R2)/R2; 
        clb=vin*0.767;
        vin=vin+clb;
        avgVolt=avgVolt+vin;
      }
      avgVolt=avgVolt/100.0;
      Serial.print("\tVoltage =");
      Serial.print(avgVolt,1);
      Serial.print("V");
      Serial.print("\tPower =");
      Serial.print((avgCurrent/1000.0)*avgVolt);
      Serial.println("W");
      
      DustCal();
      
    }  
 delay(500);
}

index.html

HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        
        <title>Solar Panel Dual Management System</title>
  	<meta charset="utf-8">
	<style>
		body {
			background: #4285F4;
			background-size:100%;
		}
		h1{
			color: #ffffff;
		}
		.container{
			color: #ff0000;
		}
	</style>
    </head>
    <body>
		<div class="Headlines">
			<h1  align="center">Solar Panel Dual Management System</h1>
		</div>
		<div class="container" align="right">
			<a href="location.html"><button type="button">Track Panel</button></a>    
		</div>
		<div class="SensorsData" align="center">
			<iframe width="430" height="280" frameborder="0" src="https://app.ubidots.com/ubi/getchart/lfBlDRazzsEpkEs6urLmZtUG008" style="background: transparent"></iframe>&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp
			<iframe width="430" height="280" frameborder="0" src="https://app.ubidots.com/ubi/getchart/SQHxvj5U7t2IrQC6rROd9HfGNdo" style="background: transparent"></iframe>
			<br><br>
			<iframe width="430" height="280" frameborder="0" src="https://app.ubidots.com/ubi/getchart/xxw39mZOOQ9xs1skwdAUBx-HAh0" style="background: transparent"></iframe>&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp
			<iframe width="430" height="280" frameborder="0" src="https://app.ubidots.com/ubi/getchart/mL0s_GCoL-qGQl0-9kZeSp3YLn4" style="background: transparent"></iframe>
			<br><br>
			<iframe width="430" height="280" frameborder="0" src="https://app.ubidots.com/ubi/getchart/7Cz3vWe5dorePxvA-sich25LJk4" style="background: transparent"></iframe>
		</div>

	</body>
</html>

location.html

HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        
        <title>Solar Panel Dual Management System</title>
		<style>
			body {
				background: #4285F4;
				background-size:100%;
			}
			h1{
				color: #ffffff;
			}
			h2{
				color: #ffffff;
			}
		</style>
    </head>
    <body>
		<div class="Headlines">
			<h1  align="center">Solar Panel Dual Management System</h1>
		</div>
		<div class="container" align="left">
			<a href="index.html"><button type="button">Back</button></a>    
		</div>
		<div class="SensorsData" align="center">
			<iframe width="870" height="480" frameborder="0" src="https://app.ubidots.com/ubi/getchart/Em9WiAc-RENRvLlgtYbR2-9uSYo" style="background: transparent"></iframe>
		</div>
		<h2  align="center">GPS Location Of Solar Panel</h2>
	</body>
</html>

Project_Code.ino

Arduino
Final working project code. For simplicity I have divided major section of codes in various function which will help you to understand the flow of program.
/********************************************************************************************************************************************/
/*  Here LinkIt ONE reads the value of sensors and updates data on Ubidots webserver                                                        */
/*  During normal operation when no theft occurs LinkIt ONE sends the value of curren,voltage,dust sensor and battery value only            */
/*  Once there is unauthorized activity happens then there is change in accelerometer value and sense by LinkIt,                            */
/*  After this LinkIt ONE sends the GPS location and Battery value to server and alert is indicated by email                                */
/********************************************************************************************************************************************/
#include <LGPS.h>         // LinkIt GPS Library
#include <LBattery.h>     // Want to be able to read the battery charge level
#include <LGPRS.h>        //include the base GPRS library
#include <LGPRSClient.h>  //include the ability to Post and Get information using HTTP
#include <Wire.h>         //library to establised I2C communication between LinkIt One and Grove - 3-Axis Digital Accelerometer(16g)
#include <ADXL345.h>      //This library of ADXL345 used extract data read by sensor in various forms

// These are the variables you will want to change based on your IOT data streaming account / provider
#define URL     "things.ubidots.com"                                                    
#define TOKEN   "MuIKgAEIYR4AxCeaWEpsPAxKHmopskmGxM1k45mPrgeQSS0pZuKrXXi0zhse"   //replace with your Ubidots token generated in your profile tab
#define voltID  ""       //create a Voltage sensor variable in Ubidots and put its ID here   
#define ampsID  ""       //create a Current sensor variable in Ubidots and put its ID here  
#define dustID  ""       //create a Dust sensor variable in Ubidots and put its ID here 
#define alertID ""       //create a Alert variable in Ubidots and put its ID here 
#define batID   ""       //create a Battery variable in Ubidots and put its ID here 

// Create instantiations of the GPRS and GPS functions
LGPRSClient globalClient;    // See this support topic from Mediatek - http://labs.mediatek.com/forums/posts/list/75.page
gpsSentenceInfoStruct info;  // instantiate
String Location = "";        //variable to GPS location latitude and longitude in string form

//Create instantiations of the ADXL345 Accelerometer function
ADXL345 adxl;                //variable adxl is an instance of the ADXL345 library

//variables to store the initial state of device after installation when power on 
int x_initial,y_initial,z_initial;
double xyz_initial[3];
double ax_initial,ay_initial,az_initial;


//variables for Voltage and current reading
uint32_t Volt_value = 0;
float vout = 0.0;
float vin = 0.0;
float R1 = 470000.0;                   // resistance of R1 (470k) 
float R2 = 47000.0;                    // resistance of R2 (47K)
float avgCurrent = 0,avgVolt=0,clb=0; 


//variables for Dust Sensor
int pin = 2;
unsigned long duration;
unsigned long starttime;
unsigned long sampletime_ms = 30000;
unsigned long lowpulseoccupancy = 0;
float ratio = 0;
float concentration = 0;

//function to send data of sensors on webserver 
void deviceLocation_data(int alert){         //alert 0 means uploading current,voltage, dust sensor and battery value; alert 1 means uploading GPS location and battery value  
   String value = String(LBattery.level());  //calculating the level of battery 
   String payload;                           //Variable to collect all sensor data for data upload on Webserver
   String le;                                //length of the payload in characters
  if(alert==1){                              //enters when there is theft 
      LGPS.getData(&info);                   // Get a GPS fix
      if (ParseLocation((const char*)info.GPGGA)) {    // This is where we break out needed location information
        Serial.print("Location is: ");
        Serial.println(Location);                      // This is the format needed by Ubidots
      }
      if (Location.length()==0) {                      //enters when no GPS location available otherwise execute else case
        payload = "[{\"variable\":\"" alertID "\",\"value\":" + String(alert) + "},{\"variable\":\"" batID "\",\"value\":"+ value + "}]";  //Build the JSON packet without GPS info// with GPS info
      }
      else {
        payload = "[{\"variable\":\"" alertID "\",\"value\":" + String(alert) + "},{\"variable\":\"" batID "\",\"value\":"+ value + ", \"context\":"+ Location + "}]"; //Build the JSON packet with GPS info 
      }
      
   }
   else {
      payload = "[{\"variable\":\"" ampsID "\",\"value\":"+ String(avgCurrent)+"},{\"variable\":\"" voltID "\",\"value\":" + String(avgVolt) + "},{\"variable\":\"" dustID "\",\"value\":" + String(concentration) + "},{\"variable\":\"" alertID "\",\"value\":" + String(alert) + "},{\"variable\":\"" batID "\",\"value\":"+ value + "}]";
    }                                                                    
  le = String(payload.length());      //this is to calcule the length of payload 
  
  // if you get a connection, report back via serial:
  Serial.print("Connect to ");
  Serial.println(URL);
  if (globalClient.connect(URL, 80)){
    // Build HTTP POST request
    Serial.println("connected");    
    globalClient.print(F("POST /api/v1.6/collections/values/?token="));
    globalClient.print(TOKEN);
    globalClient.println(F(" HTTP/1.1"));
    globalClient.println(F("Content-Type: application/json"));
    globalClient.print(F("Content-Length: "));
    globalClient.println(le);
    globalClient.print(F("Host: "));
    globalClient.println(URL);
    globalClient.println(); 
    globalClient.println(payload); 
    globalClient.println();
    globalClient.println((char)26);   //This terminates the JSON SEND with a carriage return 
  }
  else{
    // if you didn't get a connection to the server:
    Serial.println("connection failed");
  }
  delay(100);
  
  // if there are incoming bytes available
  // from the server, read them and print them:
  if (globalClient.available()){
    char c = globalClient.read();
    Serial.print(c);
  }

  // if the server's disconnected, stop the globalClient:
  if (!globalClient.available() && !globalClient.connected()){
    Serial.println();
    Serial.println("disconnecting.");
    globalClient.stop();
  }
  
}

boolean ParseLocation(const char* GPGGAstr){
// Refer to http://www.gpsinformation.org/dale/nmea.htm#GGA
// Sample data: $GPGGA,123519,4807.038,N,01131.000,E,1,08,0.9,545.4,M,46.9,M,,*47

  char latarray[6];
  char longarray[6];
  int index = 0;
  Serial.println(GPGGAstr);
  Serial.print("Fix Quality: ");
  Serial.println(GPGGAstr[43]);
  
  if (GPGGAstr[43]=='0') {         //  This is the place in the sentence that shows Fix Quality 0 means no fix
    Serial.println("No GPS Fix");
    Location = "";                 // No fix then no Location string
    return 0;
  }
  
  String GPSstring = String(GPGGAstr);
  for (int i=20; i<=26; i++) {         // We have to jump through some hoops here
    latarray[index] = GPGGAstr[i];     // we need to pick out the minutes from the char array
    index++;
  }
  
  float latdms = atof(latarray);               // and convert them to a float
  float lattitude = latdms/60;                 // and convert that to decimal degrees
  String lattstring = String(lattitude);       // Then put back into a string
  Location = "{\"lat\":";
  if(GPGGAstr[28] == 'S') Location = Location + "-";
  Location += GPSstring.substring(18,20) + "." + lattstring.substring(2,4);
  index = 0;
  
  for (int i=33; i<=38; i++) {           // And do the same thing for longitude
    longarray[index] = GPGGAstr[i];      // the good news is that the GPS data is fixed column
    index++;
  }
  float longdms = atof(longarray);       // and convert them to a float
  float longitude = longdms/60;          // and convert that to decimal degrees
  String longstring = String(longitude); // Then put back into a string
  Location += " ,\"lng\":";
  
  if(GPGGAstr[41] == 'W') Location = Location + "-";
  if(GPGGAstr[30] == '0') {
    Location = Location + GPSstring.substring(31,33) + "." + longstring.substring(2,4) + "}";
  }
  else {
    Location = Location + GPSstring.substring(30,33) + "." + longstring.substring(2,4) + "}";
  }
  return 1;
}

//Function to Store initial axis value of x,y & z for comparision  
void axisInitialization(){  
  adxl.readXYZ(&x_initial, &y_initial, &z_initial);   //read the accelerometer values and store them in variables  x_initial,y_initial,z_initial
  adxl.getAcceleration(xyz_initial);
  ax_initial = xyz_initial[0];
  ay_initial = xyz_initial[1];
  az_initial = xyz_initial[2];
  delay(500);
 }

//To compare initial values with current reading of x,y & z axis values for theft protection
int compareResult(){
  //Boring accelerometer stuff   
  int x,y,z,Xchange,Ychange,Zchange;  
  adxl.readXYZ(&x, &y, &z);         //read the accelerometer values and store them in variables  x,y,z
  // Output x,y,z values 
  double xyz[3];
  double ax,ay,az;
  adxl.getAcceleration(xyz);
  ax = xyz[0];
  ay = xyz[1];
  az = xyz[2];

  if((int)ax!=(int)ax_initial){
      Xchange=1;   
  } 
  else {
      Xchange=0;
  }

  if((int)ay!=(int)ay_initial){
      Ychange=1;   
  } 
  else {
      Ychange=0;
  }

  if((int)az!=(int)az_initial){
      Zchange=1;   
  } 
  else {
      Zchange=0;
  }
  
  if((Xchange==1)||(Ychange==1)||(Zchange==1)){
    return 1;
  }
  else return 0;
}

//Function to calculate voltage, current and power of Solar Panel for Efficieny test
void powerCal(){
      avgCurrent = 0,avgVolt=0,clb=0;
      // read the value at analog input A0(Current)
      for(int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
        avgCurrent = avgCurrent + (.0264 * analogRead(A0)-13.51);
        delay(1);
      }
      Serial.print("  Current =");
      Serial.print(avgCurrent);
      Serial.print("mA");
      // read the value at analog input A2(Voltage)
      for(int i=0;i<100;i++){
        Volt_value = analogRead(A2);
        vout = (Volt_value * 5.0) / 1024.0;
        vin = vout*(R1+R2)/R2; 
        clb=vin*0.767;
        vin=vin+clb;
        avgVolt=avgVolt+vin;
      }
      avgVolt=avgVolt/100.0;
      Serial.print("\tVoltage =");
      Serial.print(avgVolt,1);
      Serial.print("V");
      Serial.print("\tPower =");
      Serial.print((avgCurrent/1000.0)*avgVolt);                        //Computing power
      Serial.println("W");    
  }

//Function for calculating the dust concentration level 
void dustCal(){
    duration = pulseIn(pin, LOW);                                       //reads the duration or total of low pulse on pin
    lowpulseoccupancy = lowpulseoccupancy+duration;
  
    if ((millis()-starttime) > sampletime_ms)
    {
      ratio = lowpulseoccupancy/(sampletime_ms*10.0);                   // Integer percentage 0=>100
      concentration = 1.1*pow(ratio,3)-3.8*pow(ratio,2)+520*ratio+0.62; // using spec sheet curve
      Serial.print("  lowpulseoccupancy: ");
      Serial.print(lowpulseoccupancy);
      Serial.print(",");
      Serial.print("ratio: ");
      Serial.print(ratio);
      Serial.print(",");
      Serial.print("concentration: ");
      Serial.println(concentration);
      lowpulseoccupancy = 0;
      starttime = millis();
    } 
    Serial.println();
  }

//runs only once when power on or reset
void setup(){
  Serial.begin(9600);                                  // setup Serial port
  
  LGPS.powerOn();                                      // Start the GPS first as it takes time to get a fix
  Serial.println("GPS Powered on, and waiting ...");
  Serial.println("Attach to GPRS network");            // Attach to GPRS network - need to add timeout
  while (!LGPRS.attachGPRS("","","")) {                //attachGPRS(const char *apn, const char *username, const char *password);
    delay(500);
  }
  LGPRSClient client;                                  //Client has to be initiated after GPRS is established with the correct APN settings - see above link
  globalClient = client;                               // Again this is a temporary solution described in support forums
  delay(1000);
  deviceLocation(0);                                   //Sending device location first time during installation and passing 0 means no theft 
  
  delay(3000);                                         //setup time so when power on no error in storing initial axis value of panel 
  adxl.powerOn();                                      //making adxl acceleromter on
  axisInitialization();                                //calling function to store the intial installed axis of system 
  
  pinMode(2,INPUT);                                    //Initializing digital pin 2 as input for reading dust sensor value
  starttime = millis();                                //Returns the number of milliseconds since the LinIt ONE board began running the current program  
}

//forever loop code 
void loop(){
  int unauth_activity=0;
  unauth_activity= compareResult();                         //Function to check or compare the axis value of panel for any change 
  
  if(unauth_activity==1){
      Serial.println("There is unauthorised activity...");
      deviceLocation_data(1);                               //Function for sending device location with battery level for tracing and passing 1, which is alert indication of theft
      delay(100);  
    }
   else {
      powerCal();               //calling function for calculating voltage, current and power provided by solar panel
      dustCal();                //calling function for calculating deposition of dust concentration on panel
      deviceLocation_data(0);   //Function for sending sensor data for Maintenance Indication or monitoring of Solar panel for Efficiency check and passing 0 means normal acitvity 
    }  
 delay(500);
}

Credits

Brijesh Singh

Brijesh Singh

23 projects • 38 followers
Utilizing the spare time to Make and Share DIY Electronics and IoT projects with the online maker community.

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