/*
* Copyright 2018 Code and Make (codeandmake.com)
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
* of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
* in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
* to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
* copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
* furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
* all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
* IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
* AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
* LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
* OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
* SOFTWARE.
*/
/*
* A simple project that demonstrates how to make music using an Arduino.
*
* This code accompanies the following tutorial: https://youtu.be/Z1YvIFUIhLs
*/
// Pin to which an 8 Ohm speaker is connected (use a 150 - 220 Ohm resistor)
#define speakerPin 2
// Tempo (beats per minute)
#define bpm 96
// Gap between notes. This is expressed as percentage of time between 2 beats.
#define noteGapPercentage 10
/*
* 2D array containing the notes to be played
* A note comprises of two values:
* * The first value determines the frequency of the note.
* This is expressed as the number of a key on an 88-key piano (1 - 88)
* A number outside this range can be used (e.g. 0) to create a gap
* * The second value determines the duration:
* * 1 represents a whole note (spans 4 beats)
* * 2 represents a half note (spans 2 beats)
* * 4 represents a quarter note (spans 1 beat)
* * 8 represents an eighth note (spans 0.5 beat)
* etc.
*/
uint8_t notes[][2] = {
{35,12},{49,12},{53,12},{51,12},{0,12},{43,12},{35,12},{49,12},
{53,12},{35,12},{49,12},{53,12},{51,12},{0,12},{43,12},
{40,8},{30,8},{50,8},{20,8},{60,8},{40,8},{30,8},{50,8},{20,8},{60,8},
{0,12},{43,12},{0,4} ,{35,12},{49,12},{53,12},{51,12},{0,12},
{43,12},{0,10},{51,12},{0,12},{43,12},{0,10},{35,12},{49,12},
{53,12},{51,12},{0,4},{35,12},{49,12},{53,12},{51,12},{0,12},
{43,12},{0,5},{40,12},{35,12},{32,12},{30,8},{31,8},{32,8},{33,8},{34,8},{35,8},{36,8},
{37,8},{38,8},{39,8},{40,8},{30,8},{50,8},{20,8},{60,8},{10,8},
{30,8},{40,8},{50,8},{30,8},{35,8},{40,8},{60,8},{40,8}, {45,8},
{35,12},{49,12},{53,12},{51,12},{0,12},{43,12},{35,12},{49,12},
{53,12},{35,12},{49,12},{53,12},{40,8},{30,8},{50,8},{20,8},{60,8},
{53,12},{35,12},{49,12},{53,12},{51,12},{0,12},{43,12},{51,12},
{40,8},{30,8},{50,8},{20,8},{60,8},{40,8},{30,8},{50,8},{20,8},{60,8},
{0,12},{43,12},{0,4} ,{35,12},{49,12},{53,12},{51,12},{0,12},
{43,12},{0,10},{51,12},{0,12},{43,12},{0,10},{35,12},{49,12},
{53,12}, {50,8},{40,8},{60,8},{30,8},{40,8},{30,8},{50,8},{20,8},{60,8},
};
// Time between two beats in microseconds (equal to length of a quarter note)
#define beatDuration (80.0 / bpm) * 1000000L
// Time of the gap between two notes in microseconds
#define noteGap beatDuration * (noteGapPercentage / 1000.0)
void setup() {
// Set the speakerPin as an output
pinMode(speakerPin, OUTPUT);
// Iterate over the notes array
for(int i = 0; i < (sizeof(notes) / sizeof(*notes)); i++) {
// pass the key number and note type
playNote(notes[i][0], notes[i][1]);
}
}
/*
* Plays an individual note.
*
* keyNumber - The key number (1 - 88)
* noteType - The note type (1, 2, 4, 8, etc.)
*/
void playNote(uint8_t keyNumber, uint8_t noteType) {
long halfPeriod = getPeriodForKey(keyNumber) / 2;
long noteDuration = beatDuration * (4.0 / noteType);
long elapsed = 0;
// While we have a note to play
while(halfPeriod > 0 && elapsed < (noteDuration - noteGap)) {
// Set speakerPin high for half of the period
digitalWrite(speakerPin, HIGH);
wait(halfPeriod);
// Set speakerPin low for half of the period
digitalWrite(speakerPin, LOW);
wait(halfPeriod);
// Update the amount of time that has elapsed
elapsed += halfPeriod * 2;
}
/*
* Gap between notes. Calculated using 'elapsed' to minimise timing errors
* and ensure that the correct gap occurs whenever getPeriodForKey() returns
* zero.
*/
wait(noteDuration - elapsed);
}
/*
* Returns the period for a key or zero for key numbers outside the range of 1 -
* 88.
*
* keyNumber - The key number (1 - 88)
*/
long getPeriodForKey(uint8_t keyNumber) {
// If the key is between 1 and 88
if(keyNumber >= 1 && keyNumber <= 88) {
// Return the period (one second divided by the frequency of the key)
return 1000000L / (pow(2.0, (keyNumber - 49.0) / 12.0) * 440.0);
}
// Otherwise return zero
return 0;
}
/*
* Delay for a number of microseconds. This is necessary because
* delayMicroseconds() has an upper limit.
*
* us - The delay in microseconds
*/
void wait(long us) {
// First delay for the number of whole milliseconds using delay()
delay(us / 1000);
// Then delay for the remainder of microseconds using delayMicroseconds()
delayMicroseconds(us % 1000);
}
void loop() {
// Not used. Music will play once.
//#1 is A and A2 is A sharp so on till the eleventh note exsample:1down 2up or 1 white 2 black ect
}
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