Published July 14, 2017 © GPL3+

Drawing via Web Using Micro-Step Motor Controller and PHPoC

Whatever you draw on a webpage will be replicated on the drawing paper.

IntermediateShowcase (no instructions)4,554

Drawing via Web Using Micro-Step Motor Controller and PHPoC

Things used in this project

Hardware components

PHPoC Blue

Makeblock XY plotter

This include all mechanical parts, two step motors (control position of pen), 1 servo motor (control pen up/down) and four touch sensors (detect the top, bottom, left and right border reach)

PHPoC Stepper Motor Controller Ⅱ (S-type or T-type)

DIYables Limit Switch

DIYables DC Power Jack Connector

12V power adapter

Story

Demonstration

About The Project

This project is similar to my other project. Instead of using Stepper Motor Controller (using Full-step or Half-step method to control step motors), this project used the stepper motor controller Ⅱ (using micro-stepping method to control step motors). The micro-stepping method makes the step motor move smoother and significantly reduces the vibration in comparison with full-step and half-step method (vibration is one of weaknesses of step motors).

How It Works

When a finger touches to the drawing area in webpage, the XY coordinate of touching point is sent to PHPoC. After scaling the coordinate, PHPoC will move two step motors to locate the pen to that coordinate. During moving period, PHPoC continuously sends trajectory of the pen to web app, the web app draws the trajectory on the canvas.

Wiring

Stack two step motor controllers on PHPoC

Connect to servo motor

Connect to limit switches.

This project uses two motors and two step motor controllers:

One step motor and one step motor controller controls left-right direction (X-axis). This step motor controller needs to connect to two limit switches attached on left and right side of XY-Plotter. Left-switch to SW#1, right-switch to SW#0.

One step motor and one step motor controller controls up-down direction (Y-axis). This step motor controller needs to connect to two limit switches attached on top and bottom side of XY-Plotter. Bottom-switch to SW#1, top-switch to SW#0.

Note that: we only use SW#0 and SW#1. We don't use SW#2 and SW#3 as in image

Source Code

Main task (task0.php):

Receiving the command from webpage and do task according to command

CMD_MOVE: move pen to a position by controlling two step motor

CMD_PEN_UP: raise the pen by changing the angle of servo motor

CMD_PEN_DOWN: lower the pen by changing the angle of servo motor

Continuously read the current position of pen and send to webpage

Web interface (index.php)

Providing the user interface

Handling the user event and send command with coordinate to PHPoC

Receiving the trajectory from PHPoC and draw it on webpage

Code

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>PHPoC - XY Plotter</title>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=0.7">
<style>
body {
	text-align: center;
	background-color: #33C7F2;
}
#cvs_frame {
	margin-right: auto;
	margin-left: auto; 
	position: relative;
}
.canvas {
	position: absolute; 
	left: 0px;
	top: 0px;
	overflow-y: auto;
	overflow-x: hidden;
	-webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch; /* nice webkit native scroll */
}

#layer_1 {
	z-index: 2;
}
#layer_2 {
	z-index: 1;
}
#layer_3 {
	z-index: 0;
	background-color: #FFFFFF;
}

</style>
<script>
var PEN_UP = 0;
var PEN_DOWN = 1;
var CMD_PEN_UP = 0;
var CMD_PEN_DOWN = 1;
var CMD_MOVE = 2;
var RESOLUTION = 20;

var MAX_X = 1710, MAX_Y = 2140;

var ws = null;
var layer_1 = null, layer_2 = null, layer_3 = null;
var cvs_frame = null;
var ctx1 = null, ctx2 = null, ctx3 = null;

var canvas_width = 0, canvas_height = 0;
var x = 0, y = 0;
var touch_x = 0; touch_y = 0;
var cvs_pos_x = 0, cvs_pos_y = 0;
var pre_cvs_pos_x = 0, pre_cvs_pos_y = 0;
var pre_pen_state = PEN_UP;

function init()
{
	cvs_frame = document.getElementById("cvs_frame");
	
	layer_1 = document.getElementById("layer_1");
	layer_2 = document.getElementById("layer_2");
	layer_3 = document.getElementById("layer_3");
	
	var body = document.getElementsByTagName("BODY")[0];
	body.addEventListener("touchstart", disable_zoom);
	body.addEventListener("touchend", disable_zoom);
	body.addEventListener("touchmove", disable_zoom);
	body.addEventListener("mousedown", disable_zoom);
	body.addEventListener("mouseup", disable_zoom);
	
	layer_1.addEventListener("touchstart", mouse_down);
	layer_1.addEventListener("touchend", mouse_up);
	layer_1.addEventListener("touchmove", mouse_move);
	layer_1.addEventListener("mousedown", mouse_down);
	layer_1.addEventListener("mouseup", mouse_up);
	layer_1.addEventListener("mousemove", mouse_move);
	
	ctx1 = layer_1.getContext("2d");
	ctx1.translate(0, canvas_height);
	
	ctx2 = layer_2.getContext("2d");
	ctx2.translate(0, canvas_height);
	
	ctx3 = layer_3.getContext("2d");
	ctx3.translate(0, canvas_height);
	
	canvas_resize();
}
function canvas_clear()
{
	ctx1.clearRect(0, 0, canvas_width, -canvas_height);
	ctx2.clearRect(0, 0, canvas_width, -canvas_height);
	ctx3.clearRect(0, 0, canvas_width, -canvas_height);
}
function event_handler(event, type)
{
	var pre_x = x, pre_y = y;
	// convert coordinate
	if(event.targetTouches)
	{
		var targetTouches = event.targetTouches;
		
		touch_x = targetTouches[0].pageX - cvs_frame.offsetLeft;
		touch_y = targetTouches[0].pageY - cvs_frame.offsetTop - canvas_height;
	}
	else
	{
		touch_x = event.offsetX;
		touch_y = event.offsetY - canvas_height;
	}
	
	var temp_x = Math.round(touch_x / canvas_width * MAX_X);
	var temp_y = Math.round((-touch_y) / canvas_height * MAX_Y); 
	
	if(type == "MOVE")
	{
		var delta_x = temp_x - pre_x;
		var delta_y = temp_y - pre_y;
		var dist = Math.sqrt( Math.pow(delta_x, 2) + Math.pow(delta_y, 2) );
		
		if(dist < RESOLUTION)
			return false;
	}
	
	x = temp_x;
	y = temp_y;
	
	return true;
}
function ws_onmessage(e_msg)
{
	var arr = JSON.parse(e_msg.data);
	var pos_x			= arr[0];
	var pos_y			= arr[1];
	var cur_pen_state	= arr[2];
	
	pre_cvs_pos_x = cvs_pos_x;
	pre_cvs_pos_y = cvs_pos_y;
	
	cvs_pos_x = Math.round(pos_x * canvas_width / MAX_X);
	cvs_pos_y = -Math.round(pos_y * canvas_height / MAX_Y);
	
	ctx1.clearRect(0, 0, canvas_width, -canvas_height);
	ctx1.beginPath();
	ctx1.arc(cvs_pos_x, cvs_pos_y, 7, 0, 2*Math.PI);
	ctx1.fill();
	
	if(pre_pen_state == PEN_UP && cur_pen_state == PEN_DOWN)
		ctx2.beginPath();
	
	if(cur_pen_state == PEN_DOWN)
	{
		ctx2.lineTo(cvs_pos_x, cvs_pos_y);
		ctx2.stroke();
	}
	
	pre_pen_state = cur_pen_state;
}
function ws_onopen()
{
	document.getElementById("ws_state").innerHTML = "OPEN";
	document.getElementById("wc_conn").innerHTML = "Disconnect";
}
function ws_onclose()
{
	document.getElementById("ws_state").innerHTML = "CLOSED";
	document.getElementById("wc_conn").innerHTML = "Connect";
	ws.onopen = null;
	ws.onclose = null;
	ws.onmessage = null;
	ws = null;
}
function wc_onclick()
{
	if(ws == null)
	{
		ws = new WebSocket("ws://<?echo _SERVER("HTTP_HOST")?>/xy_plotter", "csv.phpoc");
		document.getElementById("ws_state").innerHTML = "CONNECTING";

		ws.onopen = ws_onopen;
		ws.onclose = ws_onclose;
		ws.onmessage = ws_onmessage;  
	}
	else
		ws.close();
}
function mouse_down()
{
	if(event.targetTouches)
	{
		event.preventDefault();
		if(event.targetTouches.length > 1)
			return;
	}
	
	event_handler(event, "DOWN");
	
	if(ws == null || ws.readyState != 1)
		return;

	ws.send(CMD_PEN_DOWN + " " + x + " " + y + "\r\n"); 
	
	draw_xy_line();
}
function mouse_up()
{
	if(event.targetTouches)
	{
		event.preventDefault();
	}
	
	if(ws == null || ws.readyState != 1)
		return;
			
	ws.send(CMD_PEN_UP + "\r\n"); 
}
function mouse_move()
{
	if(event.targetTouches)
	{
		event.preventDefault();
		if(event.targetTouches.length > 1)
			return;
	}
	
	if(!event_handler(event, "MOVE"))
		return;
	
	if(ws == null || ws.readyState != 1)
		return;
	
	ws.send(CMD_MOVE + " " + x + " " + y + "\r\n"); 
	
	draw_xy_line();
}
function disable_zoom()
{
	//event.preventDefault();
}
function canvas_resize()
{
	var width = Math.round(window.innerWidth*0.95);
	var height = Math.round(window.innerHeight*0.95) - 100;
	
	var temp_height = Math.round(width*MAX_Y/MAX_X);
	if(temp_height <= height)
	{
		canvas_width = width;
		canvas_height = temp_height;
	}
	else
	{
		canvas_width = height*MAX_X/MAX_Y;
		canvas_height = height;
	}
	
	cvs_frame.style.width = canvas_width + "px";
	cvs_frame.style.height = canvas_height + "px";
	
	layer_1.width = canvas_width;
	layer_1.height = canvas_height;
	ctx1.translate(0, canvas_height);
	ctx1.lineWidth = 6;
	ctx1.fillStyle = "green";
	
	layer_2.width = canvas_width;
	layer_2.height = canvas_height;
	ctx2.translate(0, canvas_height);
	ctx2.lineWidth = 3;
	ctx2.strokeStyle = "black";
	
	layer_3.width = canvas_width;
	layer_3.height = canvas_height;
	ctx3.translate(0, canvas_height);
	ctx3.strokeStyle = "00FFFF";
}
function draw_xy_line()
{
	ctx3.clearRect(0, 0, canvas_width, -canvas_height);
	
	ctx3.beginPath();
	ctx3.moveTo(0, touch_y);
	ctx3.lineTo(canvas_width, touch_y);
	ctx3.stroke();
	
	ctx3.beginPath();
	ctx3.moveTo(touch_x, 0);
	ctx3.lineTo(touch_x, -canvas_height);
	ctx3.stroke();
}
window.onload = init;
</script>
</head>

<body onresize="canvas_resize()">
<br>
<div id="cvs_frame">
	<canvas id="layer_1" class="canvas"></canvas>
	<canvas id="layer_2" class="canvas"></canvas>
	<canvas id="layer_3" class="canvas"></canvas>
</div>
<p>WebSocket : <span id="ws_state">null</span></p>
<button id="wc_conn" type="button" onclick="wc_onclick();">Connect</button>
<button type="button" onclick="canvas_clear();">Clear</button>
</body>
</html>

<?php

include_once "/lib/sd_340.php";
include_once "/lib/sd_spc.php";
include_once "/lib/sn_tcp_ws.php";

define("PWM_PERIOD", 20000); // (20ms)
define("WIDTH_MIN", 600);
define("WIDTH_MAX", 2450);

define("SID_X",			13);
define("SID_Y",			14);

define("MAX_X", 		1710);
define("MAX_Y", 		2140);
define("TOUCH_OFFSET",	100);

define("PEN_UP",		0);
define("PEN_DOWN",		1);

define("CMD_PEN_UP",	0);
define("CMD_PEN_DOWN",	1);
define("CMD_MOVE",		2);

define("SPEED_X_COEF",		20);
define("SPEED_Y_COEF",		20);
define("SPEED_X_OFFSET",	50);
define("SPEED_Y_OFFSET",	50);
define("SPEED_X_MAX",		5000);
define("SPEED_Y_MAX",		5000);

define("ACCEL_X_COEF",		1500);
define("ACCEL_Y_COEF",		1000);
define("ACCEL_X_OFFSET",	0);
define("ACCEL_Y_OFFSET",	0);
define("ACCEL_X_MAX",		20000);
define("ACCEL_Y_MAX",		20000);

define("STATE_X_LOCK",	1);
define("STATE_X_RUN",	2);
define("STATE_Y_LOCK",	4);
define("STATE_Y_RUN",	8);


function step_cmd($sid, $cmd)
{
	$resp = spc_request($sid, 4, $cmd);

	if($resp)
	{
		$resp = explode(",", $resp);

		if((int)$resp[0] != 200)
		{
			echo "step_cmd : '$cmd' request error ", $resp[0], "\r\n";
			return false;
		}

		if(count($resp) > 1)
			return $resp[1];
		else
			return "";
	}
	else
		return false;
}

function spc_check_did($sid, $did)
{
	$resp = spc_request_csv($sid, 0, "get did");

	if($resp === false)
	{
		echo "spc_check_did: sid$sid - device not found\r\n";
		return false;
	}

	if($resp[1] != "40002405")
	{
		echo "spc_check_did: unknown device ", $resp[2], "\r\n";
		return false;
	}

	return true;
}

function pen_up()
{
	$angle = 110;

	$width = WIDTH_MIN + (int)round((WIDTH_MAX - WIDTH_MIN) * $angle / 180.0);

	if(($width >= WIDTH_MIN) && ($width <= WIDTH_MAX))
		ht_pwm_width(2, $width, PWM_PERIOD);
}

function pen_down()
{
	$angle = 180;

	$width = WIDTH_MIN + (int)round((WIDTH_MAX - WIDTH_MIN) * $angle / 180.0);

	if(($width >= WIDTH_MIN) && ($width <= WIDTH_MAX))
		ht_pwm_width(2, $width, PWM_PERIOD);
}

function xy_goto($x, $y)
{
	global $mode;
	
	if($x < TOUCH_OFFSET)
		$x = TOUCH_OFFSET;
	if($x > (MAX_X - TOUCH_OFFSET))
		$x = MAX_X - TOUCH_OFFSET;
	
	if($y < TOUCH_OFFSET)
		$y = TOUCH_OFFSET;
	if($y > (MAX_Y - TOUCH_OFFSET))
		$y = MAX_Y - TOUCH_OFFSET;
	
	$x0 = (int)step_cmd(SID_X, "get pos") / $mode;
	$y0 = (int)step_cmd(SID_Y, "get pos") / $mode;
	
	$delta_x = $x - $x0; 
	$delta_y = $y - $y0;
	
	if($delta_x == 0 && $delta_y == 0)
		return;
	
	$speed_x = SPEED_X_COEF * abs($delta_x) + SPEED_X_OFFSET;
	$speed_y = SPEED_Y_COEF * abs($delta_y) + SPEED_Y_OFFSET;
	
	$x *= $mode; 
	$y *= $mode;
	$speed_x *= $mode;
	$speed_y *= $mode;
	
	if($speed_x > SPEED_X_MAX * $mode)
		$speed_x = SPEED_X_MAX * $mode;
	
	if($speed_y > SPEED_Y_MAX * $mode)
		$speed_y = SPEED_Y_MAX * $mode;
	
	$accel_x = ACCEL_X_COEF * $speed_x + ACCEL_X_OFFSET;
	$accel_y = ACCEL_Y_COEF * $speed_y + ACCEL_Y_OFFSET;
	
	if($accel_x > ACCEL_X_MAX * $mode)
		$accel_x = ACCEL_X_MAX * $mode;
	
	if($accel_y > ACCEL_Y_MAX * $mode)
		$accel_y = ACCEL_Y_MAX * $mode;
	
	if($delta_x == 0)
	{
		step_cmd(SID_Y, "goto $y $speed_y $accel_y");
	}
	else if($delta_y == 0)
	{
		step_cmd(SID_X, "goto $x $speed_x $accel_x");
	}
	else
	{
		step_cmd(SID_X, "goto $x $speed_x $accel_x");
		step_cmd(SID_Y, "goto $y $speed_y $accel_y");
	}
	//echo "state: ", step_cmd(SID_Y, "get state"), "\r\n";
	//echo SID_X, ", goto $x $speed_x $accel_x\r\n";
	//echo SID_Y, ", goto $y $speed_y $accel_y\r\n";
}

function xy_state()
{
	$ret_val = 0;
	
	$x_state = (int)step_cmd(SID_X, "get state");
	$y_state = (int)step_cmd(SID_Y, "get state");
	
	if($x_state == 1) // motor is locked
		$ret_val |= STATE_X_LOCK;
	else if($x_state > 1) // motor is running
		$ret_val |= STATE_X_RUN;
		
	if($y_state == 1) // motor is locked
		$ret_val |= STATE_Y_LOCK;
	else if($y_state > 1) // motor is running
		$ret_val |= STATE_Y_RUN;
		
	return $ret_val;
}

function xy_wait()
{
	while(xy_state() & (STATE_X_RUN | STATE_Y_RUN))
		usleep(1);
}

function xy_init()
{
	global $mode;
	
	$width = WIDTH_MIN + (int)round((WIDTH_MAX - WIDTH_MIN) * 110 / 180.0);
	ht_pwm_setup(2, $width, PWM_PERIOD);
	pen_up();
	
	spc_reset();
	spc_sync_baud(460800);

	if(!spc_check_did(SID_X, "40002405"))
		return;
	if(!spc_check_did(SID_Y, "40002405"))
		return;

	step_cmd(SID_X, "set vref stop 4");
	step_cmd(SID_X, "set vref drive 15");
	step_cmd(SID_X, "set mode $mode");
	step_cmd(SID_X, "set rsnc 120 250");
	
	step_cmd(SID_Y, "set vref stop 4");
	step_cmd(SID_Y, "set vref drive 15");
	step_cmd(SID_Y, "set mode $mode");
	step_cmd(SID_Y, "set rsnc 120 250");
	
	// move pen to (0, 0)
	$v = 800 * $mode;
	$a = 10000 * $mode;
	step_cmd(SID_X, "goto -sw1 $v $a");
	step_cmd(SID_Y, "goto -sw1 $v $a");
	xy_wait();
	step_cmd(SID_X, "reset");
	step_cmd(SID_Y, "reset");
	/*
	$time_stemp = st_free_get_count(0);
	step_cmd(SID_X, "goto 100 $v $a");
	step_cmd(SID_Y, "goto 100 $v $a");
	xy_wait();
	$time_stemp = st_free_get_count(0) - $time_stemp;
	
	echo $time_stemp;
	
	step_cmd(SID_X, "reset");
	step_cmd(SID_Y, "reset");
	*/
	xy_goto(TOUCH_OFFSET, TOUCH_OFFSET);
	xy_wait();
	
	// uncomment this block for the first run and change the value in line 45 of index.php
	/*
	// check max steps
	step_cmd(SID_X, "goto +sw0 1600 20000");
	step_cmd(SID_Y, "goto +sw0 1600 20000");
	
	xy_wait();
	// change this value in line 45 of index.php: var MAX_X * $mode = 3421, MAX_Y * $mode = 4296;
	echo "Max X:", step_cmd(SID_X, "get pos"), "\r\n";
	echo "Max Y:", step_cmd(SID_Y, "get pos"), "\r\n";
	*/
}

function send_position($pen_state)
{
	global $mode;
	
	$x = (int)step_cmd(SID_X, "get pos") / $mode;
	$y = (int)step_cmd(SID_Y, "get pos") / $mode;
	$wbuf = "[$x, $y, $pen_state]";
	ws_write(0, $wbuf);
}

$mode = 32;

ws_setup(0, "xy_plotter", "csv.phpoc");
xy_init();

$pre_x = 0;
$pre_y = 0;
$cur_x = 0;
$cur_y = 0;
$rbuf = "";
$pen_state = CMD_PEN_UP;
$x_is_unlock = false;
$y_is_unlock = false;

while(1)
{
	if(ws_state(0) == TCP_CONNECTED)
	{
		$rlen = ws_read_line(0, $rbuf);
		
		if($rlen)
		{
			$data = explode(" ", $rbuf);
			$cmd = (int)$data[0];
			
			switch($cmd)
			{
				case CMD_PEN_DOWN:
					$x = (int)$data[1];
					$y = (int)$data[2];
					xy_goto($x, $y);
					xy_wait();
					
					pen_down();
					$pen_state = PEN_DOWN;
					
					send_position($pen_state);
					
					break;
				case CMD_PEN_UP:
					pen_up();
					$pen_state = PEN_UP;
					
					send_position($pen_state);
					
					break;
				case CMD_MOVE:
					$x = (int)$data[1];
					$y = (int)$data[2];
					xy_goto($x, $y);
					//xy_wait();
					
					break;
			}
		}
	}
	
	$cur_x = (int)step_cmd(SID_X, "get pos") / $mode;
	$cur_y = (int)step_cmd(SID_Y, "get pos") / $mode;
	
	if(abs($pre_x - $cur_x) > 10 || abs($pre_y - $cur_y) > 10)
	{
		$pre_x = $cur_x;
		$pre_y = $cur_y;
		send_position($pen_state);
	}
	
	$xy_state = xy_state();
	
	if(($xy_state & STATE_X_LOCK) && ($x_is_unlock == false))
	{
		step_cmd(SID_X, "unlock");
		$x_is_unlock = true;
	}
	else if(($xy_state & STATE_X_RUN))
	{
		step_cmd(SID_X, "eio set 0 mode lock");
		step_cmd(SID_X, "eio set 1 mode lock");
		$x_is_unlock = false;
	}
	
	if(($xy_state & STATE_Y_LOCK) && ($y_is_unlock == false))
	{
		step_cmd(SID_Y, "unlock");
		$y_is_unlock = true;
	}
	else if(($xy_state & STATE_Y_RUN))
	{
		step_cmd(SID_Y, "eio set 0 mode lock");
		step_cmd(SID_Y, "eio set 1 mode lock");
		$y_is_unlock = false;
	}
}

?>

Credits

phpoc_man

62 projects • 406 followers

Drawing via Web Using Micro-Step Motor Controller and PHPoC

Things used in this project

Hardware components

Story

Demonstration

About The Project

How It Works

Wiring

Source Code

Schematics

schematic

Code

User Interface (index.php)

Main task (task0.php)

Credits

phpoc_man

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Drawing via Web Using Micro-Step Motor Controller and PHPoC

Drawing via Web Using Micro-Step Motor Controller and PHPoC

Things used in this project

Hardware components

Story

Demonstration

About The Project

How It Works

Wiring

Source Code

Schematics

schematic

Code

User Interface (index.php)

Main task (task0.php)

Credits

phpoc_man

Comments

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