Pete Coles
Published

Digital Weather Station

Showing live Humidity, pressure, and temperature on OLED Breakout using BME280.

AdvancedFull instructions provided3 hours250

Things used in this project

Hardware components

BME280 Breakout - Temperature, Pressure, Humidity Sensor
SB Components BME280 Breakout - Temperature, Pressure, Humidity Sensor
×1
Micro RP2040
SB Components Micro RP2040
×1
SB Components 0.91" OLED Breakout
×1
Bread Board
×1
USB A to USB type-C
×1
Jumper Wires
×1

Software apps and online services

Thonny IDE

Story

Read more

Code

Library for BME280 Sensor

MicroPython
#library file for BME280 Sensor 
from machine import I2C
import time

# BME280 default address.
BME280_I2CADDR = 0x76

# Operating Modes
BME280_OSAMPLE_1 = 1
BME280_OSAMPLE_2 = 2
BME280_OSAMPLE_4 = 3
BME280_OSAMPLE_8 = 4
BME280_OSAMPLE_16 = 5

# BME280 Registers

BME280_REGISTER_DIG_T1 = 0x88  # Trimming parameter registers
BME280_REGISTER_DIG_T2 = 0x8A
BME280_REGISTER_DIG_T3 = 0x8C

BME280_REGISTER_DIG_P1 = 0x8E
BME280_REGISTER_DIG_P2 = 0x90
BME280_REGISTER_DIG_P3 = 0x92
BME280_REGISTER_DIG_P4 = 0x94
BME280_REGISTER_DIG_P5 = 0x96
BME280_REGISTER_DIG_P6 = 0x98
BME280_REGISTER_DIG_P7 = 0x9A
BME280_REGISTER_DIG_P8 = 0x9C
BME280_REGISTER_DIG_P9 = 0x9E

BME280_REGISTER_DIG_H1 = 0xA1
BME280_REGISTER_DIG_H2 = 0xE1
BME280_REGISTER_DIG_H3 = 0xE3
BME280_REGISTER_DIG_H4 = 0xE4
BME280_REGISTER_DIG_H5 = 0xE5
BME280_REGISTER_DIG_H6 = 0xE6
BME280_REGISTER_DIG_H7 = 0xE7

BME280_REGISTER_CHIPID = 0xD0
BME280_REGISTER_VERSION = 0xD1
BME280_REGISTER_SOFTRESET = 0xE0

BME280_REGISTER_CONTROL_HUM = 0xF2
BME280_REGISTER_CONTROL = 0xF4
BME280_REGISTER_CONFIG = 0xF5
BME280_REGISTER_PRESSURE_DATA = 0xF7
BME280_REGISTER_TEMP_DATA = 0xFA
BME280_REGISTER_HUMIDITY_DATA = 0xFD


class Device:
  """Class for communicating with an I2C device.

  Allows reading and writing 8-bit, 16-bit, and byte array values to
  registers on the device."""

  def __init__(self, address, i2c):
    """Create an instance of the I2C device at the specified address using
    the specified I2C interface object."""
    self._address = address
    self._i2c = i2c

  def writeRaw8(self, value):
    """Write an 8-bit value on the bus (without register)."""
    value = value & 0xFF
    self._i2c.writeto(self._address, value)

  def write8(self, register, value):
    """Write an 8-bit value to the specified register."""
    b=bytearray(1)
    b[0]=value & 0xFF
    self._i2c.writeto_mem(self._address, register, b)

  def write16(self, register, value):
    """Write a 16-bit value to the specified register."""
    value = value & 0xFFFF
    b=bytearray(2)
    b[0]= value & 0xFF
    b[1]= (value>>8) & 0xFF
    self.i2c.writeto_mem(self._address, register, value)

  def readRaw8(self):
    """Read an 8-bit value on the bus (without register)."""
    return int.from_bytes(self._i2c.readfrom(self._address, 1),'little') & 0xFF

  def readU8(self, register):
    """Read an unsigned byte from the specified register."""
    return int.from_bytes(
        self._i2c.readfrom_mem(self._address, register, 1),'little') & 0xFF

  def readS8(self, register):
    """Read a signed byte from the specified register."""
    result = self.readU8(register)
    if result > 127:
      result -= 256
    return result

  def readU16(self, register, little_endian=True):
    """Read an unsigned 16-bit value from the specified register, with the
    specified endianness (default little endian, or least significant byte
    first)."""
    result = int.from_bytes(
        self._i2c.readfrom_mem(self._address, register, 2),'little') & 0xFFFF
    if not little_endian:
      result = ((result << 8) & 0xFF00) + (result >> 8)
    return result

  def readS16(self, register, little_endian=True):
    """Read a signed 16-bit value from the specified register, with the
    specified endianness (default little endian, or least significant byte
    first)."""
    result = self.readU16(register, little_endian)
    if result > 32767:
      result -= 65536
    return result

  def readU16LE(self, register):
    """Read an unsigned 16-bit value from the specified register, in little
    endian byte order."""
    return self.readU16(register, little_endian=True)

  def readU16BE(self, register):
    """Read an unsigned 16-bit value from the specified register, in big
    endian byte order."""
    return self.readU16(register, little_endian=False)

  def readS16LE(self, register):
    """Read a signed 16-bit value from the specified register, in little
    endian byte order."""
    return self.readS16(register, little_endian=True)

  def readS16BE(self, register):
    """Read a signed 16-bit value from the specified register, in big
    endian byte order."""
    return self.readS16(register, little_endian=False)


class BME280:
  def __init__(self, mode=BME280_OSAMPLE_1, address=BME280_I2CADDR, i2c=None,
               **kwargs):
    # Check that mode is valid.
    if mode not in [BME280_OSAMPLE_1, BME280_OSAMPLE_2, BME280_OSAMPLE_4,
                    BME280_OSAMPLE_8, BME280_OSAMPLE_16]:
        raise ValueError(
            'Unexpected mode value {0}. Set mode to one of '
            'BME280_ULTRALOWPOWER, BME280_STANDARD, BME280_HIGHRES, or '
            'BME280_ULTRAHIGHRES'.format(mode))
    self._mode = mode
    # Create I2C device.
    if i2c is None:
      raise ValueError('An I2C object is required.')
    self._device = Device(address, i2c)
    # Load calibration values.
    self._load_calibration()
    self._device.write8(BME280_REGISTER_CONTROL, 0x3F)
    self.t_fine = 0

  def _load_calibration(self):

    self.dig_T1 = self._device.readU16LE(BME280_REGISTER_DIG_T1)
    self.dig_T2 = self._device.readS16LE(BME280_REGISTER_DIG_T2)
    self.dig_T3 = self._device.readS16LE(BME280_REGISTER_DIG_T3)

    self.dig_P1 = self._device.readU16LE(BME280_REGISTER_DIG_P1)
    self.dig_P2 = self._device.readS16LE(BME280_REGISTER_DIG_P2)
    self.dig_P3 = self._device.readS16LE(BME280_REGISTER_DIG_P3)
    self.dig_P4 = self._device.readS16LE(BME280_REGISTER_DIG_P4)
    self.dig_P5 = self._device.readS16LE(BME280_REGISTER_DIG_P5)
    self.dig_P6 = self._device.readS16LE(BME280_REGISTER_DIG_P6)
    self.dig_P7 = self._device.readS16LE(BME280_REGISTER_DIG_P7)
    self.dig_P8 = self._device.readS16LE(BME280_REGISTER_DIG_P8)
    self.dig_P9 = self._device.readS16LE(BME280_REGISTER_DIG_P9)

    self.dig_H1 = self._device.readU8(BME280_REGISTER_DIG_H1)
    self.dig_H2 = self._device.readS16LE(BME280_REGISTER_DIG_H2)
    self.dig_H3 = self._device.readU8(BME280_REGISTER_DIG_H3)
    self.dig_H6 = self._device.readS8(BME280_REGISTER_DIG_H7)

    h4 = self._device.readS8(BME280_REGISTER_DIG_H4)
    h4 = (h4 << 24) >> 20
    self.dig_H4 = h4 | (self._device.readU8(BME280_REGISTER_DIG_H5) & 0x0F)

    h5 = self._device.readS8(BME280_REGISTER_DIG_H6)
    h5 = (h5 << 24) >> 20
    self.dig_H5 = h5 | (
        self._device.readU8(BME280_REGISTER_DIG_H5) >> 4 & 0x0F)

  def read_raw_temp(self):
    """Reads the raw (uncompensated) temperature from the sensor."""
    meas = self._mode
    self._device.write8(BME280_REGISTER_CONTROL_HUM, meas)
    meas = self._mode << 5 | self._mode << 2 | 1
    self._device.write8(BME280_REGISTER_CONTROL, meas)
    sleep_time = 1250 + 2300 * (1 << self._mode)

    sleep_time = sleep_time + 2300 * (1 << self._mode) + 575
    sleep_time = sleep_time + 2300 * (1 << self._mode) + 575
    time.sleep_us(sleep_time)  # Wait the required time
    msb = self._device.readU8(BME280_REGISTER_TEMP_DATA)
    lsb = self._device.readU8(BME280_REGISTER_TEMP_DATA + 1)
    xlsb = self._device.readU8(BME280_REGISTER_TEMP_DATA + 2)
    raw = ((msb << 16) | (lsb << 8) | xlsb) >> 4
    return raw

  def read_raw_pressure(self):
    """Reads the raw (uncompensated) pressure level from the sensor."""
    """Assumes that the temperature has already been read """
    """i.e. that enough delay has been provided"""
    msb = self._device.readU8(BME280_REGISTER_PRESSURE_DATA)
    lsb = self._device.readU8(BME280_REGISTER_PRESSURE_DATA + 1)
    xlsb = self._device.readU8(BME280_REGISTER_PRESSURE_DATA + 2)
    raw = ((msb << 16) | (lsb << 8) | xlsb) >> 4
    return raw

  def read_raw_humidity(self):
    """Assumes that the temperature has already been read """
    """i.e. that enough delay has been provided"""
    msb = self._device.readU8(BME280_REGISTER_HUMIDITY_DATA)
    lsb = self._device.readU8(BME280_REGISTER_HUMIDITY_DATA + 1)
    raw = (msb << 8) | lsb
    return raw

  def read_temperature(self):
    """Get the compensated temperature in 0.01 of a degree celsius."""
    adc = self.read_raw_temp()
    var1 = ((adc >> 3) - (self.dig_T1 << 1)) * (self.dig_T2 >> 11)
    var2 = ((
        (((adc >> 4) - self.dig_T1) * ((adc >> 4) - self.dig_T1)) >> 12) *
        self.dig_T3) >> 14
    self.t_fine = var1 + var2
    return (self.t_fine * 5 + 128) >> 8

  def read_pressure(self):
    """Gets the compensated pressure in Pascals."""
    adc = self.read_raw_pressure()
    var1 = self.t_fine - 128000
    var2 = var1 * var1 * self.dig_P6
    var2 = var2 + ((var1 * self.dig_P5) << 17)
    var2 = var2 + (self.dig_P4 << 35)
    var1 = (((var1 * var1 * self.dig_P3) >> 8) +
            ((var1 * self.dig_P2) >> 12))
    var1 = (((1 << 47) + var1) * self.dig_P1) >> 33
    if var1 == 0:
      return 0
    p = 1048576 - adc
    p = (((p << 31) - var2) * 3125) // var1
    var1 = (self.dig_P9 * (p >> 13) * (p >> 13)) >> 25
    var2 = (self.dig_P8 * p) >> 19
    return ((p + var1 + var2) >> 8) + (self.dig_P7 << 4)

  def read_humidity(self):
    adc = self.read_raw_humidity()
    # print 'Raw humidity = {0:d}'.format (adc)
    h = self.t_fine - 76800
    h = (((((adc << 14) - (self.dig_H4 << 20) - (self.dig_H5 * h)) +
         16384) >> 15) * (((((((h * self.dig_H6) >> 10) * (((h *
                          self.dig_H3) >> 11) + 32768)) >> 10) + 2097152) *
                          self.dig_H2 + 8192) >> 14))
    h = h - (((((h >> 15) * (h >> 15)) >> 7) * self.dig_H1) >> 4)
    h = 0 if h < 0 else h
    h = 419430400 if h > 419430400 else h
    return h >> 12

  @property
  def temperature(self):
    "Return the temperature in degrees."
    t = self.read_temperature()
    ti = t // 100
    td = t - ti * 100
    return "{}.{:02d}C".format(ti, td)

  @property
  def pressure(self):
    "Return the temperature in hPa."
    p = self.read_pressure() // 256
    pi = p // 100
    pd = p - pi * 100
    return "{}.{:02d}hPa".format(pi, pd)

  @property
  def humidity(self):
    "Return the humidity in percent."
    h = self.read_humidity()
    hi = h // 1024
    hd = h * 100 // 1024 - hi * 100
    return "{}.{:02d}%".format(hi, hd)

Library for SSD1306 OLED Display

MicroPython
# MicroPython SSD1306 OLED driver, I2C and SPI interfaces

from micropython import const
import framebuf


# register definitions
SET_CONTRAST = const(0x81)
SET_ENTIRE_ON = const(0xA4)
SET_NORM_INV = const(0xA6)
SET_DISP = const(0xAE)
SET_MEM_ADDR = const(0x20)
SET_COL_ADDR = const(0x21)
SET_PAGE_ADDR = const(0x22)
SET_DISP_START_LINE = const(0x40)
SET_SEG_REMAP = const(0xA0)
SET_MUX_RATIO = const(0xA8)
SET_COM_OUT_DIR = const(0xC0)
SET_DISP_OFFSET = const(0xD3)
SET_COM_PIN_CFG = const(0xDA)
SET_DISP_CLK_DIV = const(0xD5)
SET_PRECHARGE = const(0xD9)
SET_VCOM_DESEL = const(0xDB)
SET_CHARGE_PUMP = const(0x8D)

# Subclassing FrameBuffer provides support for graphics primitives
# http://docs.micropython.org/en/latest/pyboard/library/framebuf.html
class SSD1306(framebuf.FrameBuffer):
    def __init__(self, width, height, external_vcc):
        self.width = width
        self.height = height
        self.external_vcc = external_vcc
        self.pages = self.height // 8
        self.buffer = bytearray(self.pages * self.width)
        super().__init__(self.buffer, self.width, self.height, framebuf.MONO_VLSB)
        self.init_display()

    def init_display(self):
        for cmd in (
            SET_DISP | 0x00,  # off
            # address setting
            SET_MEM_ADDR,
            0x00,  # horizontal
            # resolution and layout
            SET_DISP_START_LINE | 0x00,
            SET_SEG_REMAP | 0x01,  # column addr 127 mapped to SEG0
            SET_MUX_RATIO,
            self.height - 1,
            SET_COM_OUT_DIR | 0x08,  # scan from COM[N] to COM0
            SET_DISP_OFFSET,
            0x00,
            SET_COM_PIN_CFG,
            0x02 if self.width > 2 * self.height else 0x12,
            # timing and driving scheme
            SET_DISP_CLK_DIV,
            0x80,
            SET_PRECHARGE,
            0x22 if self.external_vcc else 0xF1,
            SET_VCOM_DESEL,
            0x30,  # 0.83*Vcc
            # display
            SET_CONTRAST,
            0xFF,  # maximum
            SET_ENTIRE_ON,  # output follows RAM contents
            SET_NORM_INV,  # not inverted
            # charge pump
            SET_CHARGE_PUMP,
            0x10 if self.external_vcc else 0x14,
            SET_DISP | 0x01,
        ):  # on
            self.write_cmd(cmd)
        self.fill(0)
        self.show()

    def poweroff(self):
        self.write_cmd(SET_DISP | 0x00)

    def poweron(self):
        self.write_cmd(SET_DISP | 0x01)

    def contrast(self, contrast):
        self.write_cmd(SET_CONTRAST)
        self.write_cmd(contrast)

    def invert(self, invert):
        self.write_cmd(SET_NORM_INV | (invert & 1))

    def show(self):
        x0 = 0
        x1 = self.width - 1
        if self.width == 64:
            # displays with width of 64 pixels are shifted by 32
            x0 += 32
            x1 += 32
        self.write_cmd(SET_COL_ADDR)
        self.write_cmd(x0)
        self.write_cmd(x1)
        self.write_cmd(SET_PAGE_ADDR)
        self.write_cmd(0)
        self.write_cmd(self.pages - 1)
        self.write_data(self.buffer)


class SSD1306_I2C(SSD1306):
    def __init__(self, width, height, i2c, addr=0x3C, external_vcc=False):
        self.i2c = i2c
        self.addr = addr
        self.temp = bytearray(2)
        self.write_list = [b"\x40", None]  # Co=0, D/C#=1
        super().__init__(width, height, external_vcc)

    def write_cmd(self, cmd):
        self.temp[0] = 0x80  # Co=1, D/C#=0
        self.temp[1] = cmd
        self.i2c.writeto(self.addr, self.temp)

    def write_data(self, buf):
        self.write_list[1] = buf
        self.i2c.writevto(self.addr, self.write_list)


class SSD1306_SPI(SSD1306):
    def __init__(self, width, height, spi, dc, res, cs, external_vcc=False):
        self.rate = 10 * 1024 * 1024
        dc.init(dc.OUT, value=0)
        res.init(res.OUT, value=0)
        cs.init(cs.OUT, value=1)
        self.spi = spi
        self.dc = dc
        self.res = res
        self.cs = cs
        import time

        self.res(1)
        time.sleep_ms(1)
        self.res(0)
        time.sleep_ms(10)
        self.res(1)
        super().__init__(width, height, external_vcc)

    def write_cmd(self, cmd):
        self.spi.init(baudrate=self.rate, polarity=0, phase=0)
        self.cs(1)
        self.dc(0)
        self.cs(0)
        self.spi.write(bytearray([cmd]))
        self.cs(1)

    def write_data(self, buf):
        self.spi.init(baudrate=self.rate, polarity=0, phase=0)
        self.cs(1)
        self.dc(1)
        self.cs(0)
        self.spi.write(buf)
        self.cs(1)

Main Code for Digital Monitoring

MicroPython
You can use this code or can edit it by your preference.
from machine import I2C, Pin
import time
import bme280
import ssd1306

WIDTH = 128    # OLED display width
HEIGHT = 32    # OLED display height

# Initialize I2C for sensor
i2c = I2C(1, scl=Pin(27), sda=Pin(26))  # All sensors connected through I2C
bme280_address = 0x76

# Create BME280 sensor class instance
bme = bme280.BME280(i2c=i2c, address=bme280_address)

# Initialize I2C for OLED display
i2c_display = I2C(0, sda=Pin(20), scl=Pin(21), freq=400000) 

# Initialize OLED display
oled = ssd1306.SSD1306_I2C(WIDTH, HEIGHT, i2c_display)

while True:
    # Read temperature, pressure, and humidity
    temperature = bme.temperature
    pressure = bme.pressure
    humidity = bme.humidity
    
    # Print the sensor readings
    print("\nMeasurement Values are:")
    print("Pressure =", pressure)
    print("Temperature =", temperature)
    print("Humidity =", humidity)
    

    # Clear OLED display
    oled.fill(0)
    oled.show()
    
    # Display BME data on OLED
    temp="Temp:"+str(temperature) 
    oled.text(temp , 0, 1)
    presr="Pres:"+str(pressure)
    oled.text(presr , 1, 12)
    hmd="Humidity:"+str(humidity)
    oled.text(hmd , 1, 23)
    oled.show()
    time.sleep(4)
    
    # Clear OLED display
    oled.fill(0)
    oled.show()

Credits

Pete Coles

Pete Coles

4 projects • 0 followers
YouTube Content Creator Robotics Enthusiast

Comments