Agricultural civilization was humanity's first form of civilization. It brought stable harvests and wealth, leading to a relatively affluent and peaceful settled life, laying the foundation for the creation of high culture.
International academia recognizes five origins of ancient agricultural civilizations: Ancient Babylon (2250 BC), Ancient Egypt (3500 BC), Ancient Greece (800-146 BC), Ancient India (2000 BC), and China (since ancient times).
A farm is a crucial agricultural production unit, serving as the basic organizational form for agricultural production. Farms are major sites for producing crops, vegetables, fruits, and are also important bases for agricultural technology research, planting technology promotion, and agricultural economic management.
With the rapid integration of new-generation information technologies into traditional industries, agriculture is gradually becoming digital, networked, and intelligent, forming the cornerstone of modern agricultural development. Leveraging technologies such as cloud computing, 5G, and the Internet of Things, traditional farms are evolving into intelligent farms. This transformation significantly enhances modern agricultural productivity, reduces production costs, and achieves efficient utilization of agricultural resources.
To provide a more intuitive experience and understanding of intelligent farms, we have created a smart farm project using existing sensors and hardware modules. Here's how we did it.
Hardware Components:Main Board Type
We used the ESP32 board, a low-power, high-performance microcontroller ideal for IoT development. It features a 240MHz dual-core processor, 520KB RAM, 4MB flash memory, built-in WiFi, Bluetooth 4.2, and 34 GPIO pins for various peripheral connections and control.
Sensors and Module Types
- LED Module: Integrated LED lights for illumination and indication.
- Touch Sensor: Capacitive touch switch module that detects and responds to human touch.
- Light Sensor: Detects ambient light intensity.
- PIR Sensor: Detects human motion via infrared radiation changes.
- Buzzer: Available in passive (requires driver) and active (self-sounding) types.
- Solar Windmill Set: Uses solar cells to drive a motor and turn a windmill.
- Soil Moisture Sensor: Measures soil moisture via electrical resistance between probes.
- Water Pump: Pumps liquid, often used for irrigation, controlled by a relay.
- Relay: Electrical switch controlled by a current, protects and controls circuits.
- Water Level Sensor: Converts water level parameters to electrical signals.
- RGB LED Strip: Composed of multiple RGB LEDs for lighting effects.
- Servo Motor: Receives control signals to rotate to a specific angle.
- OLED Screen: Emits light by electrical excitation of organic materials.
- DHT11 Temperature and Humidity Sensor: Measures and outputs temperature and humidity data.
Install the main board and battery box.
Install the relay module.
Install the fence.
Install the touch sensor.
Install the servo motor.
Install the buzzer.
Install the wooden house structure.
Install the cat house structure.
Install the archway.
Install the farm yard.
Install the solar windmill.
Install the roof.
Install the water level and soil moisture sensors.
Install the water tank.
Install the temperature and humidity sensor along with the RGB LED strip.
Install the water pump.
Install the fence.
Install the latch.
Wiring diagram.
After wiring, you could input the code in code file to finish the project.
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