C++
// Project Smart Crop Monitoring and Irrigation System
// Board: RAK3372 (STM32WL5)
// Base: RAK1907
// Sensors: RAK12027 Soil Moisture Sensor, RAK12032 DS18B20 Temperature Sensor, RAK12030 BME680
// Display: RAK1821 OLED (Optional)
// LoRaWAN Platform: The Things Stack
#include <Wire.h>
#include <Adafruit_Sensor.h>
#include <Adafruit_BME680.h> // For BME680
#include <OneWire.h> // For DS18B20
#include <DallasTemperature.h> // For DS18B20
#include <LoRaWan-RAK3372.h> // LoRaWAN library for RAK3372
#include <SPI.h>
// LoRaWAN Configuration (OTAA) - REPLACE WITH YOUR THE THINGS STACK CREDENTIALS!
uint8_t nodeDeviceEUI[8] = {0xXX, 0xXX, 0xXX, 0xXX, 0xXX, 0xXX, 0xXX, 0xXX};
uint8_t nodeAppEUI[8] = {0xXX, 0xXX, 0xXX, 0xXX, 0xXX, 0xXX, 0xXX, 0xXX};
uint8_t nodeAppKey[16] = {0xXX, 0xXX, 0xXX, 0xXX, 0xXX, 0xXX, 0xXX, 0xXX, 0xXX, 0xXX, 0xXX, 0xXX, 0xXX, 0xXX, 0xXX, 0xXX};
// LoRaWAN Region Configuration
LoRaMacRegion_t loraWanRegion = LORAMAC_REGION_EU868;
// Sensor Pins
#define SOIL_MOISTURE_PIN WB_A0 // Analog pin for soil moisture sensor
#define ONE_WIRE_BUS WB_IO2 // Pin for DS18B20 sensor
// Sensor Instances
Adafruit_BME680 bme; // I2C
OneWire oneWire(ONE_WIRE_BUS);
DallasTemperature sensors(&oneWire);
// Variables to store sensor readings
float soil_moisture_percent;
float air_temperature, air_humidity, air_pressure;
float soil_temperature;
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
delay(100);
Serial.println("Starting IoT Crop Monitoring...");
Wire.begin();
// Initialize BME680
if (!bme.begin()) {
Serial.println("Could not find a valid BME680 sensor, check wiring!");
while (1);
}
bme.setTemperatureOversampling(BME680_OVERSAMPLING_8X);
bme.setHumidityOversampling(BME680_OVERSAMPLING_4X);
bme.setPressureOversampling(BME680_OVERSAMPLING_4X);
bme.setIIRFilterSize(BME680_FILTER_SIZE_3);
bme.setGasHeater(320, 150); // 320 C for 150 ms
// Initialize DS18B20
sensors.begin();
// Initialize LoRaWAN
if (api.lorawan.setRegion(loraWanRegion)) {
Serial.printf("LoRaWAN region set to %d\n", loraWanRegion);
} else {
Serial.println("Failed to set LoRaWAN region.");
while (1);
}
if (api.lorawan.setAppKey(nodeAppKey) &&
api.lorawan.setAppEUI(nodeAppEUI) &&
api.lorawan.setDevEUI(nodeDeviceEUI)) {
Serial.println("LoRaWAN credentials configured.");
} else {
Serial.println("Failed to configure LoRaWAN credentials.");
while (1);
}
Serial.println("Attempting to join LoRaWAN network (OTAA)...");
if (api.lorawan.join()) {
Serial.println("Joined LoRaWAN network!");
} else {
Serial.println("Failed to join LoRaWAN network. Retrying...");
while(1);
}
delay(2000);
}
void loop() {
readSensors();
sendLoRaWANData();
Serial.println("Entering low power mode...");
api.system.sleep.all(300000); // Sleep for 5 minutes (300000 ms)
}
void readSensors() {
// Read soil moisture (example of mapping analog value to percentage)
int soil_analog_val = analogRead(SOIL_MOISTURE_PIN);
// Assuming 0 is dry and 4095 (for 12-bit ADC) is wet
soil_moisture_percent = map(soil_analog_val, 0, 4095, 0, 100);
soil_moisture_percent = constrain(soil_moisture_percent, 0, 100); // Ensure it's between 0 and 100
Serial.printf("Soil Moisture: %.1f %%\n", soil_moisture_percent);
// Read BME680 (air temperature, humidity, pressure)
if (!bme.performReading()) {
Serial.println("Failed to read BME680.");
} else {
air_temperature = bme.temperature;
air_humidity = bme.humidity;
air_pressure = bme.pressure / 100.0; // hPa
Serial.printf("Air Temp: %.2f C, Air Hum: %.2f %%, Air Pres: %.2f hPa\n", air_temperature, air_humidity, air_pressure);
}
// Read DS18B20 (soil temperature)
sensors.requestTemperatures();
soil_temperature = sensors.getTempCByIndex(0); // Assuming a single sensor
if (soil_temperature == DEVICE_DISCONNECTED_C) {
Serial.println("Failed to read DS18B20.");
} else {
Serial.printf("Soil Temp: %.2f C\n", soil_temperature);
}
}
void sendLoRaWANData() {
// Create a buffer for the LoRaWAN payload
// Format:
// Byte 0-1: Soil moisture (x100)
// Byte 2-3: Air temperature (x100)
// Byte 4-5: Air humidity (x100)
// Byte 6-7: Air pressure (x10)
// Byte 8-9: Soil temperature (x100)
uint8_t payload[10]; // Changed from 3 to 10 based on description
uint16_t soil_moisture_int = (uint16_t)(soil_moisture_percent * 100);
int16_t air_temp_int = (int16_t)(air_temperature * 100);
uint16_t air_hum_int = (uint16_t)(air_humidity * 100);
uint16_t air_pres_int = (uint16_t)(air_pressure * 10);
int16_t soil_temp_int = (int16_t)(soil_temperature * 100);
payload[0] = (soil_moisture_int >> 8) & 0xFF;
payload[1] = soil_moisture_int & 0xFF;
payload[2] = (air_temp_int >> 8) & 0xFF;
payload[3] = air_temp_int & 0xFF;
payload[4] = (air_hum_int >> 8) & 0xFF;
payload[5] = air_hum_int & 0xFF;
payload[6] = (air_pres_int >> 8) & 0xFF;
payload[7] = air_pres_int & 0xFF;
payload[8] = (soil_temp_int >> 8) & 0xFF;
payload[9] = soil_temp_int & 0xFF;
Serial.print("Sending LoRaWAN packet: ");
for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(payload); i++) {
Serial.printf("%02X ", payload[i]);
}
Serial.println();
if (api.lorawan.send(sizeof(payload), payload, 1, true)) {
Serial.println("LoRaWAN packet sent successfully.");
} else {
Serial.println("Failed to send LoRaWAN packet.");
}
}
// Example Payload Formatter (Decoder) for The Things Stack (Custom Javascript)
/*
function decodeUplink(input) {
var data = {};
var bytes = input.bytes;
// Decode soil moisture (2 bytes, uint16, x100)
data.soil_moisture_percent = ((bytes[0] << 8 | bytes[1]) / 100.0);
// Decode air temperature (2 bytes, int16, x100)
data.air_temperature = ((bytes[2] << 8 | bytes[3]) / 100.0);
// Decode air humidity (2 bytes, uint16, x100)
data.air_humidity = ((bytes[4] << 8 | bytes[5]) / 100.0);
// Decode air pressure (2 bytes, uint16, x10)
data.air_pressure = ((bytes[6] << 8 | bytes[7]) / 10.0);
// Decode soil temperature (2 bytes, int16, x100)
data.soil_temperature = ((bytes[8] << 8 | bytes[9]) / 100.0);
return {
data: data,
warnings: [],
errors: []
};
}
*/
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