Smart Houseplant Watering System

/* 
 * Project Smart Houseplant Watering System
 * Author: Mario Cisneros
 * Date: 3/22/2026
 */

// Include Particle Device OS APIs
#include "Particle.h"
#include "Adafruit_GFX.h"
#include "Adafruit_SSD1306.h"
#include "Air_Quality_Sensor.h"
#include "Adafruit_BME280.h"
#include "IoTClassroom_CNM.h"

// Let Device OS manage the connection to the Particle Cloud
SYSTEM_MODE(SEMI_AUTOMATIC);
SYSTEM_THREAD(ENABLED);

const int MOISTURE = A1;
AirQualitySensor sensor(A2);
int quality;
const int WPUMP = D16;
const int Mist = D15;
const int FAN = D2;
const int DUSTPIN = D19;
unsigned int lowPulseOccupy, duration, lastTime, updateTime;
float ratio, concentration;
bool status;

void getConc();

const int OLED_RESET=-1;
// Define BME280 object
Adafruit_BME280 bme;
float tempC, humidRH;
float celsToF(float tempC);
float feren;
int moistRead;
String dateTime, timeOnly;
Adafruit_SSD1306 display(OLED_RESET);

IoTTimer tempTimer, humTimer;

void setup() {
  Time.zone(-6);                              // MST = -7, MDT = -6
  Particle.syncTime();                        // Sync time with Particle Cloud
  pinMode(MOISTURE, INPUT);
  pinMode(DUSTPIN, INPUT);
  pinMode(WPUMP, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(FAN, OUTPUT);
  status = bme.begin(0x76); // Initialize BME280
  if (status == false){
    Serial.printf("BME280 at address0x%02X failed to start\n\n", 0x76);
  }
  tempTimer.startTimer(100); 
  Serial.begin(9600);
  waitFor(Serial.isConnected, 1000);
  display.begin(SSD1306_SWITCHCAPVCC, 0x3c); // Initialize w/the I2C address 0x3c for the OLED
  display.display();
  delay(2000);
  display.clearDisplay();
  display.setTextSize(2);
  display.setRotation(0);
  display.setTextColor(WHITE);
  display.printf("OLED is awake!!!\n");
  display.display();
  delay(500);
  while(!Serial);
  Serial.printf("\nWaiting on sensor to initiate...");
  delay(20000);
  if(sensor.init()){
    Serial.printf("Sensor ready.");
  }
  else{
    Serial.printf("Sensor ERROR");

  quality = 0;
  }
  updateTime = 30000;
  new Thread("concThread", getConc); // Initiate thread
    // Connect to Particle Cloud, not relying on System Mode to setup my connection!!!
  while(!Particle.connected()) {
    Particle.connect();
    delay(100);           //Small delay needed
    Serial.printf("x");
    }
  Serial.printf("\n\n");
  delay(3000);
}

void loop() {
    display.clearDisplay();
    display.setCursor(0,0);
    dateTime = Time.timeStr();            // Current Date & Time from Particle Time class
    timeOnly = dateTime.substring(11,19); // Extract Time from DateTime String
    
    if((millis()-lastTime) > updateTime){
    Serial.printf("\nTime: %0.2f, CONC: %0.2f",millis()/1000.0,concentration);
    lastTime = millis();
  }
    moistRead = analogRead(MOISTURE);
    display.printf("Moisture level %i Time = %s\n", moistRead, timeOnly.c_str());
    display.display();
    Serial.printf("Moisture level is %i, %s\n", moistRead, timeOnly.c_str());
    if(moistRead > 3135){
      digitalWrite(WPUMP, HIGH);
      delay(500);
      digitalWrite(WPUMP, LOW);
    }
    quality = sensor.slope();

  Serial.printf("Sensor value: %i - ", sensor.getValue());
  
  if(quality == AirQualitySensor::FORCE_SIGNAL){
    Serial.printf("High pollution! Force signal active.\n");
    digitalWrite(FAN, HIGH);
    if((millis()-lastTime) > 5000){
      digitalWrite(FAN, LOW);
    }
  }
  else if(quality == AirQualitySensor::HIGH_POLLUTION){
    Serial.printf("High Pollution!\n");
    digitalWrite(FAN, HIGH);
    if((millis()-lastTime) > 3000){
      digitalWrite(FAN, LOW);
    }
  }
  else if(quality == AirQualitySensor::LOW_POLLUTION){
    Serial.printf("Low Pollution!\n");
  }
  else if(quality == AirQualitySensor::FRESH_AIR){
    Serial.printf("Fresh air.\n");
  }
  delay(1000);
  if(tempTimer.isTimerReady()){
    tempC = bme.readTemperature();
    humidRH = bme.readHumidity();
    feren = celsToF(tempC);
    Serial.printf("The temperature in Ferenheit is %0.2fF degrees\n", feren);
    if(feren > 80){
      digitalWrite(FAN, HIGH);
      if((millis()-lastTime) > 5000){
        digitalWrite(FAN, LOW);
      }
    }
    humidRH = bme.readHumidity();
    Serial.printf("The humidity is %0.2f Relative Humidity\n\n", humidRH);
    display.setRotation(0);
    display.setCursor(0,0);
    display.printf("Temp is %0.2f\n", feren);
    display.printf("Humidity is %0.2f\n", humidRH);
    tempTimer.startTimer(500);
  }
}

void getConc(){
  const int sampleTime = 30000;
  unsigned int duration, startTime;
  startTime = 0;
  lowPulseOccupy = 0;
  while(true){
    duration = pulseIn(DUSTPIN, LOW);
    lowPulseOccupy = lowPulseOccupy+duration;
    if((millis() - startTime > sampleTime)){
      ratio = lowPulseOccupy/(sampleTime*10.0);
      concentration = 1.1*pow(ratio,3)-3.8*pow(ratio,2)+520*ratio+0.62;
      startTime = millis();
      lowPulseOccupy = 0;
    }
  }
}

float celsToF(float tempC){
  return (180.0/100.0)*tempC + 32;
}