Home Automation & Door Lock System

Introduction

Nowadays, we have remote controls for television sets and other electronics system, which have made our live easy. Have you ever wondered about home automation and home security which would give the facility of controlling tube lights, fans and other electrical appliances at home using a remote control?

Off-course, Yes! But, are the available options cost-effective? If the answer is No, I have found a solution to it. I have come up with a new system called Microcontroller based home automation using Bluetooth and home security using RFID & Servo motor.

This system is super-cost effective and can give the user, the ability to control any electronic device without even spending for a remote control & protect the home.

This project helps the user to control all the electronic devices using his/her smartphone.

Instead of smart phone he/she can make an digital remote control using HC-05 and microcontroller. In which the remote control HC-05 to be a master and the Bluetooth of the circuit should be a slave.

Time is a very valuable thing. Everybody wants to save time as much as they can. New technologies are being introduced to save our time. To save people’s time we are introducing Home Automation system using Bluetooth and Home Security system using RFID With Tags.

With the help of this system you can control your home appliances from your mobile phone and protect your house. You can turn on/off your home appliances within the range of Bluetooth and open door without any key using wireless contact.

Circuit Diagram

The circuit Diagram consists of following unit:

• Processing unit
• Entry unit
• Bluetooth Input unit
• Output unit
• Locking and unlocking unit

The processing unit consist of microcontroller which is receives command from the Bluetooth and RFID and converts the input signals to output signals to the Servo Motor and lamp which can perform task

The entry unit consists of RFID which scan the Tags if the tags passcode not matched with the passcode which is input in program then it will not convey the signal to the processing unit, either if the tag passcode match with the passcode which is written in the code of system then signal transfer to Processing unit and the microcontroller pass the task to servo motor which open or close the door.

Note : We can use adapter instead of battery in whole circuit where needed.

The Bluetooth Input unit consists of the HC-05 Bluetooth Module which wirelessly take the command from the mobile and pass the signals to the processing unit in which the microcontroller pass the command to output unit in which the relay get active and the lamp or led get blow.

The Output unit consists of relay transistor and bulb which takes the input from the processing unit and perform task. As the processing unit passes the task in accordance with the processing unit take the input from the Bluetooth which get the input from the users mobile.

The Locking and unlocking unit consists of servo motor which works on PWM signal. When the tags is scan to RFID module the module passes the signals to the processing unit and the microcontroller check the passcode which is pass by the RFID with the passcode of the inbuilt program. If the passcode are matched with each other then microcontroller the give order to the servo motor rotate at a particular angle. And as the door get locked or unlocked.

The circuit diagrams as follow :

• Schematic diagram of whole circuit
• Bluetooth Input unit
• Processing unit
• Output unit
• Entry unit
• Locking & Unlocking Unit

Working Process

A simple home automation and security system project using Microcontroller, Bluetooth module, RFID module, Servo motor and a smartphone. The aim of this project is to control different home appliances using a smartphone and security management for house. The working of the project is explained here.

When the power is turned on, the connection LED on the Bluetooth module starts blinking. We need to start the “Bluetooth Controller 8 Lamp” app in our smartphone and get connected to the Bluetooth module. If the pairing is successful, the LED becomes stable.

Now, in the app, we need to set different keys for different loads and their corresponding value that must be transmitted when that key is pressed. The following image shows a set of keys to control 8 loads and an additional key to turn off and turn on all the loads.

Then we are ready to control the loads. When a key is pressed in the smartphone, the Bluetooth module receives the corresponding data and intern transmits that data to Microcontroller.

For example, if we press “ 2 ”, then the data received by the Bluetooth module is “2”.

This data i.e. “2” is transmitted to Microcontroller. Microcontroller then compares the received data with the data written in the sketch and accordingly turns on the load 2. The similar action can be applicable to other keys and loads.

Using this type of connection, we can control i.e. turn on or off different home electrical appliances using our smartphones.

When the power is turned on, the connection shaft on the Servo motor starts rotating at particular angle.. We need to start the scanning the tags in our RFID and get connected to the Microcontroller. If the pairing of the passcode is successful, the LED becomes stable.

For example, if we scan the tag of passcode “B7 D5 79 60 ”, then the data received by the RFID module is “B7 D5 79 60”. This data i.e. “B7 D5 79 60” is transmitted to Microcontroller. Microcontroller then compares the received data with the data written in the sketch and accordingly turns on the Led at entry unit and accordingly pass the PWM signals to Servo motor. The similar action can be applicable to other tags.

If the green led blink then the Servo Motor get the PWM signals and rotate at a particular angle then the door is unlocked for a particular tem for example “7 seconds” after “7 seconds” the servo motor shaft rote at particular angle at its initial condition. Else if the red led blinks then the Servo motor not get PWM signals and could not rotate i.e., the door is locked and shaft is at it’s initial condition.

If the person is in the house and want to unlock the door then His/her wants to press the push button at processing unit which reset the microcontroller and the as usual the green led blinks and door will open for “7 seconds”

Caution: We should be very careful when using a relay with AC mains.

Applications

• Using this project, we can turn on or off appliances remotely i.e. using a phone or tablet.
• The project can be further expanded to a smart home automation system by including some sensors like light sensors, temperature sensors, safety sensors etc. and automatically adjust different parameters like room lighting, air conditioning (room temperature), door locks etc. and transmit the information to our phone.
• Using tags we can make attendance system or who one entering in the room at particular time i.e., if any person entered in the room we can find his/her name by tag passcode link with him that’s why we have to link the tags code with the person name or else person ID. This can be done by file handling.
• We can used this whole system educational buildings, at governments buildings, especially at military camps and in laboratory and in the hospitals.
• Additionally, we can connect to internet and control the home from remote location over internet and also monitor the safety.

Limitations

• Human Errors
• Disrupted wiring
• Not every gadget is compatible with other gadgets
• Technological limits
• Technology is pricey
• Home automation and cyber crime

Using devices and gadgets at home, those are connected to internet serve as loopholes. The internet capable home appliances have served as opportunities for hackers who have managed to steal personal information of the inhabitants through them.

• Misuse is possible
• losing the tags
• The system needs a continuous power supply to be practical or else we might not be able to control the appliances.
• Hence, best way to design the system efficiently would be to implement both the automated control and manual control through switches at a time.