Keith
Published © GPL3+

Controlling Servos with a Stylophone: Pitch Detection

The stylophone was one of the wackiest forgotten toys of the 1960s and '70s, and today, "we have the technology" to make it better.

IntermediateFull instructions provided2,010
Controlling Servos with a Stylophone: Pitch Detection

Things used in this project

Story

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Schematics

Gain and shift circuit

requires the LM741 SPICE model to work

Gain and shift circuit schematic

Code

MSP430G2553 Master Code

C/C++
/******************************************************************************
MSP430G2553 Project Creator

SE 423  - Dan Block
        Spring(2019)

        Written(by) : Steve(Keres)
College of Engineering Control Systems Lab
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
*******************************************************************************/

#include "msp430g2553.h"
#include "UART.h"

void print_every(int rate);

char newprint = 0;
int timecheck = 0;
long millivolts = 0;
int statevar = 0;
unsigned int adc_raw = 0;
char receive_lsb = 0;
unsigned char MISO_val = 0;

void main(void) {

    WDTCTL = WDTPW + WDTHOLD;                 // Stop WDT

    if (CALBC1_16MHZ ==0xFF || CALDCO_16MHZ == 0xFF) while(1);

    DCOCTL = CALDCO_16MHZ;    // Set uC to run at approximately 16 Mhz
    BCSCTL1 = CALBC1_16MHZ;

    // Init ADC10
        // Control Register 0
    ADC10CTL0 = SREF_0; // Vr+ = Vcc and Vr- = Vss (default)
    ADC10CTL0 += ADC10SHT_1; // 8 X ADC10CLKs
    // ADC10SR: 2000 ksps (default)
    // REFOUT: reference output off (default)
    // REFBURST: continuous (default)
    // MSC: single conversion mode (default)
    // REFON: reference generator off (default)
    ADC10CTL0 += ADC10ON; // ADC10 On
    ADC10CTL0 += ADC10IE; // interrupt enabled
        // Control Register 1
    ADC10CTL1 = INCH_3; //input channel A3 (default)
    ADC10CTL1 += SHS_0; // sample and hold source ADC10SC (default)
    // ADC10DF: straight binary data format (default)
    ADC10CTL1 += ADC10DIV_0; // Clock divider, try values and check noise
    ADC10CTL1 += ADC10SSEL_0; // clock source ADC10SC
    ADC10CTL1 += CONSEQ_0; // Single channel single conversion
        // analog enable control register 0
    ADC10AE0 = 8; // Enable A3 as ADC channel

    // Init Port 2
    // setup P2.1 with Timer1_A3.TA1 and P2.4 with Timer1_A3.TA2
    P2DIR |= 0x12;
    P2SEL |= 0x12;
    P2SEL2 = 0;

    // Initialize Port 1, P1.0 LED, P1.4 SS
    P1SEL &= ~(BIT0 + BIT4);                  // P1.0 and P1.4 GPIO
    P1SEL &= ~(BIT0 + BIT4);                  // P1.0 and P1.4 GPIO
    P1REN &= ~(BIT0 + BIT4);                  // P1.0 and P1.4 Resistor disabled
    P1DIR |= BIT0 + BIT4;                     // Set P1.0 and P1.4 to output direction
    P1OUT &= BIT4;  // Initially set P1.4/SS high

    // Port 1 SPI pins, P1.5 SCLK, P1.6 MISO, P1.7 MOSI
    P1SEL |= BIT5 + BIT7 + BIT6;              // Secondary Peripheral Module Function for P1.5-1.7
    P1SEL2 |= BIT5 + BIT7 + BIT6;             // Secondary Peripheral Module Function for P1.5-1.7

    // Polarity and SCLK for SPI
    UCB0CTL0 = UCCKPH + UCCKPL;    // first edge: data capture, following edge: data update , SCLK inactive state High

    // Initialize SPI
    UCB0CTL0 |= UCMSB + UCMST + UCSYNC + UCMODE_0;  // MSB first, master, 3-pin, 8-bit synchronous
    UCB0CTL1 = UCSSEL_2 + UCSWRST;               // SMCLK, enable SW Reset
    // bit rate: SMCLK/x=SCLK
    // smclk same as arduino uno (16 Mhz)
    UCB0BR0 = 32;                                 // low byte, divide by
    // 4 divider or greater, 8 and 16 causes issues, 32 seems okay
    UCB0BR1 = 0;                                 // same as 1 divider, high byte
    UCB0CTL1 &= ~UCSWRST;                        // **Initialize USCI state machine**
    IFG2 &= ~UCB0RXIE;                        // Clear RX interrupt flag in case it was set during init
    IE2 |= UCB0RXIE;                          // Enable USCI0 RX interrupt


    // Timer A Config
    // use Timer0_A3 to init 1ms timed interrupt
    TACCTL0 = CCIE;             // Enable Periodic interrupt
    TACCR0 = 2000;                // period = 1ms
    TACTL = TASSEL_2 + MC_1; // source SMCLK, up mode

    // change TA1CCR0 counting rate since it is a 16 bit register
    TA1CCR0 = 40000;                             // PWM Freq = 50Hz, 1/(50 Hz/16MHz)/8 = 655
    TA1CCTL0 = 0;
    TA1CCTL1 = OUTMOD_7;                         // TA1CCR1 reset/set
    TA1CCR1 = 2000;                               // TA1CCR1 PWM duty cycle, TA1CCR0/TA1CCR1
    TA1CCTL2 = OUTMOD_7;
    TA1CCR2 = 2000;                           // 0 deg: (0.6ms/20ms)*40000
    TA1CTL = TASSEL_2 + MC_1 + ID_3;                  // source SMCLK, up mode, divide 8



    Init_UART(115200,1);    // Initialize UART for 115200 baud serial communication

    _BIS_SR(GIE);       // Enable global interrupt


    while(1) {  // Low priority Slow computation items go inside this while loop.  Very few (if anyt) items in the HWs will go inside this while loop

// for use if you want to use a method of receiving a string of chars over the UART see USCI0RX_ISR below
//      if(newmsg) {
//          newmsg = 0;
//      }

        // The newprint variable is set to 1 inside the function "print_every(rate)" at the given rate
        if ( (newprint == 1) && (senddone == 1) )  { // senddone is set to 1 after UART transmission is complete

            // only one UART_printf can be called every 15ms
            UART_printf("mV:%ld MISO:%d\n\r",millivolts,MISO_val);

            newprint = 0;
        }

    }
}


// Timer A0 interrupt service routine
#pragma vector=TIMER0_A0_VECTOR
__interrupt void Timer_A (void)
{
    timecheck++; // Keep track of time for main while loop.
    print_every(5000);  // units determined by the rate Timer_A ISR is called, print every "rate" calls to this function
    // make sure to not print too long of a string, stops working
    ADC10CTL0 |= ENC + ADC10SC; // Sampling and conversion start
    switch(MISO_val){
    case 10: //A
        TA1CCR2 = 2000;     // 0 deg: (0.6ms/20ms)*40k
        TA1CCR1 = 2000;
        break;
    case 15:
        TA1CCR2 = 2100;
        TA1CCR1 = 2100;
        break;
    case 20: //B
        TA1CCR2 = 2200;
        TA1CCR1 = 2200;
        break;
    case 30: //C
        TA1CCR2 = 2400;
        TA1CCR1 = 2400;
        break;
    case 35:
        TA1CCR2 = 2500;
        TA1CCR1 = 2500;
        break;
    case 40: //D
        TA1CCR2 = 2600;
        TA1CCR1 = 2600;
        break;
    case 45:
        TA1CCR2 = 2700;
        TA1CCR1 = 2700;
        break;
    case 50: //E
        TA1CCR2 = 2800;
        TA1CCR1 = 2800;
        break;
    case 60: //F
        TA1CCR2 = 3000;
        TA1CCR1 = 3000;
        break;
    case 65:
        TA1CCR2 = 3100;
        TA1CCR1 = 3100;
        break;
    case 70: //G
        TA1CCR2 = 3200;
        TA1CCR1 = 3200;
        break;
    case 75:
        TA1CCR2 = 3300;
        TA1CCR1 = 3300;
        break;
    case 80: //A
        TA1CCR2 = 3400;
        TA1CCR1 = 3400;
        break;
    case 85:
        TA1CCR2 = 3500;
        TA1CCR1 = 3500;
        break;
    case 90: //B
        TA1CCR2 = 3600;
        TA1CCR1 = 3600;
        break;
    case 100: //C
        TA1CCR2 = 3800;
        TA1CCR1 = 3800;
        break;
    case 105:
        TA1CCR2 = 3900;
        TA1CCR1 = 3900;
        break;
    case 110: //D
        TA1CCR2 = 4000;     // 180 deg: (3ms/20ms)*40k
        TA1CCR1 = 4000;
        break;
    case 115:
        TA1CCR2 = 4100;
        TA1CCR1 = 4100;
        break;
    case 120: //E
        TA1CCR2 = 4200;
        TA1CCR1 = 4200;
        break;
    default:
        break;
    }
}



// ADC 10 ISR - Called when a sequence of conversions (A7-A0) have completed
#pragma vector=ADC10_VECTOR
__interrupt void ADC10_ISR(void) {
    millivolts = (ADC10MEM*3300L)/1023L;


    // ADC A3 to DAC
    adc_raw = ADC10MEM; // echo sampled voltages

    P1OUT &= ~0x10; // pull SS (P1.4) low
    receive_lsb = 0;
    UCB0TXBUF = (adc_raw >> 8); // send MSByte

}



// USCI Transmit ISR - Called when TXBUF is empty (ready to accept another character)
#pragma vector=USCIAB0TX_VECTOR
__interrupt void USCI0TX_ISR(void) {

    if(IFG2&UCA0TXIFG) {        // USCI_A0 requested TX interrupt
        if(printf_flag) {
            if (currentindex == txcount) {
                senddone = 1;
                printf_flag = 0;
                IFG2 &= ~UCA0TXIFG;
            } else {
                UCA0TXBUF = printbuff[currentindex];
                currentindex++;
            }
        } else if(UART_flag) {
            if(!donesending) {
                UCA0TXBUF = txbuff[txindex];
                if(txbuff[txindex] == 255) {
                    donesending = 1;
                    txindex = 0;
                }
                else txindex++;
            }
        } else {  // interrupt after sendchar call so just set senddone flag since only one char is sent
            senddone = 1;
        }

        IFG2 &= ~UCA0TXIFG;
    }

    if(IFG2&UCB0TXIFG) {    // USCI_B0 requested TX interrupt (UCB0TXBUF is empty)

        IFG2 &= ~UCB0TXIFG;   // clear IFG
    }
}


// USCI Receive ISR - Called when shift register has been transferred to RXBUF
// Indicates completion of TX/RX operation
#pragma vector=USCIAB0RX_VECTOR
__interrupt void USCI0RX_ISR(void) {



    if(IFG2&UCB0RXIFG) {  // USCI_B0 requested RX interrupt (UCB0RXBUF is full)
        if (receive_lsb == 0){
            // received slave msbyte
            P1OUT |= 0x10; // pull SS (P1.4) high
            receive_lsb = 1; // next byte is lsbyte
            MISO_val = (UCB0RXBUF & 0xFF);
            P1OUT &= ~0x10; // pull SS (P1.4) low
            UCB0TXBUF = adc_raw & 0xFF; // send LSByte
        }
        else {
            // received slave lsbyte
            P1OUT |= 0x10; // pull SS (P1.4) high
            receive_lsb = 0; // next byte is msbyte
            MISO_val = (UCB0RXBUF & 0xFF);
        }
        IFG2 &= ~UCB0RXIFG;   // clear IFG
    }

    if(IFG2&UCA0RXIFG) {  // USCI_A0 requested RX interrupt (UCA0RXBUF is full)

//    Uncomment this block of code if you would like to use this COM protocol that uses 253 as STARTCHAR and 255 as STOPCHAR
/*      if(!started) {  // Haven't started a message yet
            if(UCA0RXBUF == 253) {
                started = 1;
                newmsg = 0;
            }
        }
        else {  // In process of receiving a message
            if((UCA0RXBUF != 255) && (msgindex < (MAX_NUM_FLOATS*5))) {
                rxbuff[msgindex] = UCA0RXBUF;

                msgindex++;
            } else {    // Stop char received or too much data received
                if(UCA0RXBUF == 255) {  // Message completed
                    newmsg = 1;
                    rxbuff[msgindex] = 255; // "Null"-terminate the array
                }
                started = 0;
                msgindex = 0;
            }
        }
*/

        IFG2 &= ~UCA0RXIFG;
    }

}

// This function takes care of all the timing for printing to UART
// Rate determined by how often the function is called in Timer ISR
int print_timecheck = 0;
void print_every(int rate) {
    if (rate < 15) {
        rate = 15;
    }
    if (rate > 10000) {
        rate = 10000;
    }
    print_timecheck++;
    if (print_timecheck == rate) {
        print_timecheck = 0;
        newprint = 1;
    }

}

Arduino Uno Slave Code

Arduino
/*
 * SPI Slave, Arduino Uno
 * 10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12 (MISO), 13 (SCK)
*/
#include "pins_arduino.h"

/* 
 *  SPI global vars
 *  modified code from 
 *  http://www.gammon.com.au/forum/?id=10892&reply=1#reply1
 */
volatile byte pos;
volatile boolean process_it;
long loop_count = 0;
byte MOSI_val = 0;
unsigned int adc_raw = 0;
char receive_msb = 1; 
unsigned long millivolts = 0;
unsigned char note = 1; //max val of 127, wraps back around

// variables for frequency detection
float frequency = 0.0;
int clocks = 0;
int clocks_arr[] = {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0};
int clocks_arr_sorted[] = {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0};
int clocks_arr_size = 10;
unsigned int samps[] = {0,0,0,0};
int samps_arr_size = 4;
unsigned long adc_avg = 0;
unsigned long adc_avg_prev = 0;


void setup (void) {
 Serial.begin (9600);   // debugging

 // have to send on master in, *slave out*
 pinMode(MISO, OUTPUT);
 
 // turn on SPI with interrupts, slave mode, msbit first
 // clock idle when high, sample on falling edge of clock (see MSP430x2xx user guide pg448, 451)
 SPCR = _BV(SPE) + _BV(SPIE) + _BV(CPOL) +_BV(CPHA);
 
 /* 
  *  SPIE - Enables the SPI interrupt when 1
  *  SPE - Enables the SPI when 1
  *  DORD - Sends data least Significant Bit First when 1, most Significant Bit first when 0
  *  MSTR - Sets the Arduino in master mode when 1, slave mode when 0
  *  CPOL - Sets the data clock to be idle when high if set to 1, idle when low if set to 0
  *  CPHA - Samples data on the falling edge of the data clock when 1, rising edge when 0
  *  SPR1 and SPR0 - Sets the SPI speed, 00 is fastest (4MHz) 11 is slowest (250KHz)
  *  
 */
 
 pos = 0;
 process_it = false;
}  // end of setup

void quickSort(int arr[], int left, int right) {
     int i = left, j = right;
     int tmp;
     int pivot = arr[(left + right) / 2];

     /* partition */
     while (i <= j) {
           while (arr[i] < pivot)
                 i++;
           while (arr[j] > pivot)
                 j--;
           if (i <= j) {
                 tmp = arr[i];
                 arr[i] = arr[j];
                 arr[j] = tmp;
                 i++;
                 j--;
           }
     };

     /* recursion */
     if (left < j)
           quickSort(arr, left, j);
     if (i < right)
           quickSort(arr, i, right);
}

void newSample(){
  // stores last few adc raw values
  int i = 0;
  for (i=0; i<samps_arr_size; i++){
    if (i == samps_arr_size-1) samps[i] = adc_raw;
    else samps[i] = samps[i+1];
  }
  
  //calculates average
  adc_avg_prev = adc_avg;
  adc_avg = 0;
  for (i=0; i<samps_arr_size; i++){
    adc_avg += (long)samps[i];
  }
  adc_avg = adc_avg/(long)samps_arr_size;

  /* 
   *  since input is like sine wave, one peak per period
   *  trigger on rise at 700 (~2V), near the top of the wave
   */
  if (adc_avg > 700 && adc_avg < 720 && adc_avg_prev< 700){ // if triggered
    if (clocks > 10 && clocks < 80){
      // keep last few clock values
      for (i=0; i<clocks_arr_size; i++){
        if (i == clocks_arr_size-1) clocks_arr[i] = clocks;
        else clocks_arr[i] = clocks_arr[i+1];
      }
      for (i=0; i<clocks_arr_size; i++){
        clocks_arr_sorted[i] = clocks_arr[i];
      }
      // sort values
      quickSort(clocks_arr_sorted,0,clocks_arr_size-1);
      // get median value
      clocks = clocks_arr_sorted[(clocks_arr_size+1)/2];
      // find frequency using curve of best fit
      if (clocks >= 38){
        frequency = (float)((long)clocks*(long)clocks*(long)clocks)*-0.0023 + (float)((long)clocks*(long)clocks)*0.4059 - 26.337*(float)clocks + 735.56;
      }
      else if (clocks >= 36) frequency = 207.65; 
      else if (clocks >= 34) frequency = 220.0;
      else if (clocks >= 32) frequency = 233.08; 
      else if (clocks >= 30) frequency = 246.94;
      else if (clocks >= 28) frequency = 261.63;
      else if (clocks >= 26) frequency = 277.18;
      else if (clocks >= 25) frequency = 293.66;
      else if (clocks >= 23) frequency = 311.13;
      else if (clocks >= 22) frequency = 329.63;
      else frequency = 330.;
        
    }
    clocks = 0;
  }
  else clocks++;

}

// SPI interrupt routine
ISR (SPI_STC_vect) {
  MOSI_val = SPDR;
  SPDR = note*2; // send back char to MSP430
  // transferred value is haved for some reason
  if (receive_msb == 1) {
    // received msbyte
    adc_raw = (MOSI_val << 8);
    receive_msb = 0;
  }
  else {
    // received lsbyte
    adc_raw |= (MOSI_val & 0xFF);
    receive_msb = 1;
    process_it = true;
  }

}

void noteDetect(){
  if(frequency > 0){
    if (frequency < 113) note = 10;         //A 110 + 3.0 Hz
    else if (frequency < 119.54) note = 15; //  116.54 + 3.0 Hz
    else if (frequency < 126.47) note = 20; //B 123.47 + 3.0 Hz
    else if (frequency < 134.81) note = 30; //C 130.81 + 4.0 Hz
    else if (frequency < 142.59) note = 35; //  138.59 + 4.0 Hz
    else if (frequency < 150.83) note = 40; //D 146.83 + 4.0 Hz
    else if (frequency < 159.56) note = 45; //  155.56 + 4.0 Hz
    else if (frequency < 169.81) note = 50; //E 164.81 + 5.0 Hz
    else if (frequency < 179.61) note = 60; //F 174.61 + 5.0 Hz
    else if (frequency < 190) note = 65;    //  185 + 5.0 Hz
    else if (frequency < 201) note = 70;    //G 196 + 5.0 Hz
    else if (frequency < 212.65) note = 75; //  207.65 + 5.0 Hz
    else if (frequency < 226) note = 80;    //A 220 + 6.0 Hz
    else if (frequency < 239.08) note = 85; //  233.08 + 6.0 Hz
    else if (frequency < 253.94) note = 90; //B 246.94 + 7.0 Hz
    else if (frequency < 268.63) note = 100; //C 261.63 + 7.0 Hz
    else if (frequency < 285.18) note = 105; // 277.18 + 8.0 Hz
    else if (frequency < 302.66) note = 110; //D 293.66 + 9.0 Hz
    else if (frequency < 320.13) note = 115; // 311.13 + 9.0 Hz
    else if (frequency < 338.63) note = 120; //E 329.63 + 9.0 Hz
    else {
      // debugging
      if (note == 10) note = 120;
      //else note = 10;
    }
  }
}

// main loop - wait for flag set in interrupt routine
void loop (void) {
  loop_count++;
  
  
  if (process_it) {  
    millivolts = (adc_raw*3300L)/1023L; 
    //Serial.print("mV: ");
    //Serial.println(millivolts);
    //Serial.println(adc_raw, HEX);
    pos = 0;
    process_it = false;
    newSample();
    noteDetect();
    if  (loop_count%1000 == 0){
      //Serial.print(millivolts);
      //Serial.print(" mv ");
      Serial.print(frequency);
      Serial.println(" hz ");
    }
   }  // end of flag set
   
}  // end of loop

Credits

Keith

Keith

2 projects • 1 follower

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