Install Java on Raspberry Pi

Java is one of the most widely used programming languages for developing various applications and systems.

Oracle Java and OpenJDK are two alternative Java implementations. OpenJDK is an open-source Java Platform implementation. Oracle Java provides a few extra commercial features, as well as a licence that solely allows for non-commercial use, such as personal or development use.

This tutorial will show you How to install Java (OpenJDK) on a Raspberry Pi running the newest Raspbian OS.

Java Runtime Environment (JRE) and Java Development Kit are both included in the regular Raspbian repository (JDK). The Java virtual machine (JVM), classes, and binaries that make it possible to run Java programmes are all included in JRE. The Java Development Kit (JDK) includes the Java Runtime Environment (JRE), as well as the development and debugging tools and libraries required to create Java programmes.

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If you're not sure which Java package to install, the default OpenJDK (JDK 11) version is a good place to start. Some Java-based apps may require a specific version of Java, so check the programme documentation for more information.

Installing Java 11 on a Raspberry Pi is a simple process.

OpenJDK 11 is the default Java development and runtime on the newest Raspbian OS, which is based on Debian 10, Buster.

To install the OpenJDK 11 JDK on your Raspberry Pi, do the following commands:

sudo apt updatesudo apt install default-jdk

Verify that the installation is complete by looking at the Java version:

java -version

This is what the final product should look like:

openjdk version "11.0.5" 2019-10-15
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 11.0.5+10-post-Raspbian-1deb10u1)
OpenJDK Server VM (build 11.0.5+10-post-Raspbian-1deb10u1, mixed mode)

That concludes our discussion. You have now successfully installed Java on your Raspberry Pi and are ready to use it.

How to Install Java 8 on a Raspberry Pi

The previous Java LTS version 8, which was released in 2008, is still maintained and widely used. Install Java 8 if your programme requires it by typing:

sudo apt updatesudo apt install openjdk-8-jdk

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Print the Java version to confirm the installation:

java -version

This is what the final product should look like:

openjdk version "1.8.0_212"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_212-8u212-b01-1+rpi1-b01)
OpenJDK Client VM (build 25.212-b01, mixed mode)

Configure the Default Version

If your Pi has numerous Java versions loaded, use the java -version command to see which one is the default:

java -version

Use the update-alternatives utility to change the default version:

sudo update-alternatives --config java

The following is an example of the output:

There are 2 choices for the alternative java (providing /usr/bin/java).
Selection    Path                                            Priority   Status
------------------------------------------------------------
* 0            /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-armhf/bin/java      1111      auto mode
1            /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-armhf/bin/java      1111      manual mode
2            /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-armhf/jre/bin/java   1081      manual mode
Press <enter> to keep the current choice[*], or type selection number:

A list of all installed Java versions will be displayed. Press Enter after entering the number of the version you wish to be the default.

Environment Variable JAVA_HOME

Some Java programmes utilise the JAVA_HOME environment variable to determine the location of the Java installation.

To identify where Java is installed and adjust the JAVA HOME environment variable, use the update-alternatives command:

sudo update-alternatives --config java

Use the update-alternatives utility to change the default version:

sudo update-alternatives --config java

The following is an example of the output:

OpenJDK 11 is located at /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-armhf/bin/java

OpenJDK 8 is located at /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-armhf/jre/bin/java

Open the /etc/environment file after you've determined the path to the Java installation:

sudo nano /etc/environment

Add the following line at the end of the file if you wish to set JAVA_HOME to OpenJDK 11:

JAVA_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-armhf"

You may either log out and back in or execute the source command to apply the modifications to your current shell:

source /etc/environment

Type: to see if the JAVA_HOME setting is set.

echo $JAVA_HOME

The path to the Java 11 binary should be as follows:

/usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-armhf

/etc/environment is a system-wide configuration file, which is used by all users. If you want to set the JAVA_HOME variable on a per-user basis, add the line to the .bashrc or any other configuration file which is loaded when the user logs in.

Uninstall Java from Raspberry Pi

Java, like any other package installed using apt, may be uninstalled.

To uninstall the default-jdk package, for example, type:

sudo apt remove default-jdk

The current LTS version of OpenJDK is available in the default Raspbian repository, and installation is quick and easy.

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