Published November 19, 2019

Colorful Tunes

This project takes in colors as inputs via a color wheel and outputs musical notes.

IntermediateWork in progress724

Things used in this project

Hardware components

BeagleBoard.org PocketBeagle

Adafruit Micro USB breakout board

Plugable USB Audio Adaptor

Adafruit 0.56" 4-Digit 7-Segment Display w/I2C Backpack

RGB Diffused Common Anode

RGB Color Sensor with IR filter and White LED - TCS34725

Male/Female Jumper Wires

Jumper wires (generic)

Resistor 220 ohm

Through Hole Resistor, 2.2 kohm

Through Hole Resistor 470 Mohm

DC Motor

2N3904L Transistor

Hand tools and fabrication machines

Epilog Fusion M2 Laser Cutter

Jigsaw

Hot glue gun (generic)

Story

Motivation

In the technological age, it is easy to forget the value of the visual and auditory arts that are not used solely for commercial purposes. Yet this same age also offers us new tools that we can use to appreciate these more abstract forms of the representation of human wit. This project sets out to do just that: to use the tools at our advantage to interpret colors with sounds.

Overview

This project should work by spinning a hardboard wheel with different colors pasted to it. As it slowly spins, a color sensor mounted above the box will read the color. The Pocket Beagle then uses that color to output a tone and change the color of a common-anode RGB LED.

UserInformation

To fully enjoy your "Colorful Tunes" design, first cut out a 5 in. cardboard circle. You won't want to use anything heavier than cardboard because of the increased moment of inertia that would bring. This would then result in a rotor that is difficult to control, so stick with cardboard or any light material. Though I used a laser cutter which took in an AI file, feel free to use a compass and a pair of scissors! The important thing is getting the circle. The one I made with the laser cutter is seen in figure 1.

If you use a laser cutter to make your circle, be sure to put a small circle just slightly smaller than the shaft of your motor. This will ensure that there is a friction connection between the two. Mine did not come out too tight, so I had to apply a dollop of hot glue on the hole to make sure the shaft stays in place. I also placed a piece of tape on the back so that the wheel does not move into the motor shaft. Refer to figure 2 for my motor/cardboard wheel combination.

Next of importance is the color wheel itself. The color sensor used in this project tells things as it sees them, and it can sometimes be quite blind. To ensure that your sensor is reading the right color, use white card stock paper. Figure out how many musical notes you are going to represent, assign them a color, and then divide your board accordingly! You may find that the sensor is limited to under 10 notes, unless you get a larger circle. This larger circle. Then, use a pair of scissors to cut out a slot along one of the radii, and then slide this slot over the motor shaft. Tape down the card stock color wheel to the boring old cardboard wheel. Refer to figure 3 for how mine came out!

Now, apply a Velcro picture command strip to the flat end of the DC motor. The other pair should be attached to the box. See figure 4 for what I mean! You can use the Velcro to adjust your motor and the distance the wheel is from the sensor as necessary.

Congratulations! You are ready to read colors. Turn on the pocket beagle (which is currently on a breadboard, unless you find a way to integrate it with the box, which should be a fun exercise in spatial organization), and with the aid of the shell script, the program should automatically boot. Play around with the knob settings a little bit to find the ideal speed. It should be rather low.

Future iterations of this project will actually have music! What you will do in this case is simply connect the speaker of your choice to the plugable USB Audio Adapter, and listen to the tunes your pocket beagle has created for you.

The Electronics

To get this project fully operational, refer to the table with the bill of materials. The most important components, besides your beagle board, are your plugable USB Audio Adapter combined with the USB Micro-B Breakout Board, the RGB LED (My code assumes the use of a common anode RGB LED, but you can choose whichever one you want, just tweak the PWM outputs), the DC Motor (anything rated for 5V and under should be perfect), and the Color Sensor with an IR filter. Refer to figure 5 for the Fritzing diagram, and if you want to modify any components on the breadboard, feel free to install the Fritzing file.

In case you need to modify anything, however, refer to the following general table of which part belongs where:

Color Sensor --> I2C Bus

Ensure there is a voltage lift between SCL and SDA pins. Hook up a 2.2 KOhm resistor from each of these to a 3V3 power source.

Color sensor requires anywhere between 3 volts and 5 volts to light up the LED.

Motor --> 5V power, Ground

This motor is a bit tricky to visualize. First connect one of the motor leads to any 5V terminal on the Pocket Beagle, but connect one of the leads to a 902N3904L transistor source pin. Connect the gate pin of this transistor to a PWM pin from the Pocket Beagle. Then connect the sink to ground.

Potentiometer --> AIN 1V8

Plug in P1_18 to one of the external pins on the potentiometer and P1_17 to the other. Plug the middle pin into any of the AI pins.

RGB LED:

Connect the long pin to a constant 3V3 output from the pocket beagle. Hook up each leg to a resistor and then to a PWM pin each. It is very important that you use a PWM!

Hex Display:

Do the same thing as with the color sensor, as this Hex display works like an I2C bus. Only, do not use the same I2C bus as the Color Sensor, or you will confuse your pocket beagle.

USB Micro-B Breakout Board:

This one requires you to prep your beagle. Do a solder bridge between P1_5 and P1_7. Then do another solder bridge between P1_13 and P1_15. So that you don't have to look for the pin orientation online outside of this warm, safe website, refer to figure 6 for the pins on the pocket beagle.

TheBox

This box can be done with a laser cutter and without one, it is totally your choice! If you want to be accurate and use a laser cutter, makeabox.io is a great tool! If you want to just cut it with a jigsaw, use a hardboard 1/8" plank. It does not matter how you cut your piece, as long as the final box is 4-1/4" by 1-1/2" by 2-5/8". Make sure you select the option for open ended! Also, make sure you have a middle plank for the motor to attach to.

With future iterations, once the pocket beagle can be removed from the breadboard and placed onto the box, these numbers might change. And as you find any possible changes, feel free to adjust these dimensions!

Howit works

Refer to the attached video! Basically, you run the program "Colorful_Tunes_Real2.py" and then adjust the motor speeds with the blue potentiometer. I accidentally refered to it as an engine in the video, but no, it is not an engine.

There is some significant lag, but that can be changed by setting a different update time or by getting a quicker sensor. Furthermore, the whole process could be streamlined by replacing the simple DC motor with a 360 degree servo motor. This one would ensure that the speed is more controlled, and you could even play around with the settings on the potentiometer to turn the servo! Become a colorful DJ with every session.

Future Improvements

If you have gone through the code, you will see that not everything is represented. For starters, I do not output audio just yet, nor do I use my hex display. The former reason is due to not discovering the wonders of SoX audio on time. You can use this by doing the following command.

sudo apt-get install sox

Then, play around with it! A teacher from a Montessori School has this very useful webpage: http://montessorimuddle.org/2012/04/19/generating-and-saving-tones-with-sox/

These commands work perfectly! Using the PWM values Nicholas Lester found, you can even play songs! The color wheel I am using is meant to eventually play the first line from the famous song "Oh Susanna." Red corresponds to the musical note "C, " yellow to "D, " Green to "E, " Blue to "G, " and Orange to "A." I find that the notes from C4 to B4 on Nick's Hackster page are more pleasing to the ear.

Here is Nick's page: https://www.hackster.io/nickericlester/ir-breakbeam-candy-dispenser-with-zelda-music-c76e65#toc-useful-links-7

His project is also super cool, so check it out!

Another thing you could do is reconcile the libraries used by the color sensor and the hex display. The hex display uses a good old BBIO library, which was improved by Erick Welsh, but the color sensor uses a circuitPython library. This requires you to install blinka and board, but it really does not like sharing with BBIO. Therefore, your challenge, in order to properly get the LED to work, is to use a circuitPython library on the hex display. Or maybe I'll do it. In which case, I'll just update this page.

CoolLinks

Color Sensor Resources: https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-color-sensors/overview

Using BBIO (Not too helpful but good for fiddling around): https://learn.adafruit.com/setting-up-io-python-library-on-beaglebone-black/using-the-bbio-library

Using Circuit Python: https://learn.adafruit.com/circuitpython-on-raspberrypi-linux/installing-circuitpython-on-raspberry-pi

Good Explanation on RGB LEDs: https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-arduino-lesson-3-rgb-leds/theory-pwm

Remember the two libraries are at war with each other! Will you be able to make the peace?

Please please please install SoX! Do NOT be like me trying to figure out Aplay to generate tones, it won't work.

Code

Colorful Tunes: A start

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Colorful Tunes Driver Function
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
License:   
Copyright 2019 - Jorge Tito
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, 
this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, 
this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation 
and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors 
may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without 
specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" 
AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 
IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE 
DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 
FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 
DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR 
SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER 
CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, 
OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE 
OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Purpose: Read in colors from a moving wheel and outputting a color on an RGB
LED.

Future Innovation: Translate those same colors to a specific musical tone
Reconcile pythonBoard library with BBIO library

Potentiometer Input pin: P1_19
Motor Output Pin: P1_36

Red PWM controller:   P2_1
Green PWM controller: P2_3
Blue PWM controller:  P1_33


--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Background:
  - https://adafruit-beaglebone-io-python.readthedocs.io/en/latest/ADC.html
  - https://learn.adafruit.com/controlling-a-servo-with-a-beaglebone-black/writing-a-program
  - https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/beaglebone-cookbook/9781491915660/ch04.html
"""
import threading    #To make everything work smoothly

import time         #  A library

import Adafruit_BBIO.ADC as ADC   #For the potentiometer
import Adafruit_BBIO.PWM as PWM   #For Motor control and RGB Control

import LetterWriterThingy as LetterWriterThingy   #Importing the letter writing code
#For the color sensor
import board
import busio
import adafruit_tcs34725 as colorer

# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Constants
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------

ANALOG_INPUT = "P1_19"                      # AIN0 from potentiometer
MOTOR_OUTPUT = "P1_36"                      # PWM0 A To the motor

RED     = "P2_1"                            # Where the red PWM output is
GREEN   = "P2_3"                            # Where the green PWM output is
BLUE    = "P1_33"                           # Where the blue PWM output is


# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Global variables
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
debug                   = True    #to turn on and off print statements



# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Functions/Objects
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
#"This is the motor class"
#"Contains: set_motor_speed, hexDisplay

def setup():
    #global sensor
    ADC.setup()
    #LetterWriterThingy.display_setup()
    #LetterWriterThingy.update_display(0)
    
def cleanup():
    """Set up the hardware components."""
    PWM.cleanup()


"Class Initialization"    
class Motor(threading.Thread):
    adcPin   = None    #arg1: adcpin, where the potentiometer is located
    motorPin = None    #arg2: motor Pin
    #import Adafruit_BBIO.ADC as ADC   #For the potentiometer
    
    def __init__(self, adcPin, motorPin):
        """Class initialization method"""
        threading.Thread.__init__(self)
        self.adcPin     = adcPin
        self.motorPin   = motorPin
        return
    
    
    # Motor Variables
    
    motor_duty_min          = 0                      # Start at zero speed
    motor_duty_max          = 100                    # This is max speed
    motor_pwm_frequency     = 100                    # Frequency in Hz   From the datasheet
    motor_update_time       = 1                    # Time in seconds to read
    
    #Sets up the ADC sensor :)
    
    
    
    def set_motor_speed(self):
        motor_duty_span = self.motor_duty_max - self.motor_duty_min   #Max value minus min value
        angle           = float(ADC.read(self.adcPin))      #Value between 0 and 1 from the potentiometer, instead of 0-4095
        duty            = ((angle * motor_duty_span) + self.motor_duty_min)
        print(angle)
        PWM.set_duty_cycle(self.motorPin, duty)   #Outputs stuff to the motor
        #print("Run Run as fast as you can you")
        
    #What this thread is supposed to do
    def run(self):
        
        try:
            PWM.start(self.motorPin, (100 - self.motor_duty_min), self.motor_pwm_frequency)
            while True:
                self.set_motor_speed()
                time.sleep(self.motor_update_time)
        except KeyboardInterrupt:       #Control c to end the program
            PWM.stop(self.motorPin)
        return
        


"This is the color sensor class"
"Contains:"
class Color_Sensor_Class(threading.Thread):
    #Defining Relevant Variables
    #i2c = None
    #sensor = None
    redPin   = None
    greenPin = None
    bluePin  = None
    
    def __init__(self, redPin, greenPin, bluePin):
        """Class initialization method"""
        threading.Thread.__init__(self)
        
        #self.i2c = busio.I2C(board.SCL, board.SDA)
        #self.sensor = colorer.TCS34725(self.i2c)
        
        self.redPin   = redPin
        self.greenPin = greenPin
        self.bluePin  = bluePin
        
    
        #self.arg   = arg
        return
    def read_Color_In(self):
        self.i2c = busio.I2C(board.SCL, board.SDA)
        self.sensor = colorer.TCS34725(self.i2c)
        
        red, green, blue = self.sensor.color_rgb_bytes
        Colors = [red,green,blue]      #Vectorized

        PWM.set_duty_cycle(self.redPin, 100-Colors[0])   # Red: Has to be this way because emitters do the opposite of what readers do
        PWM.set_duty_cycle(self.greenPin, 100-Colors[1])   # Green
        PWM.set_duty_cycle(self.bluePin, 100-Colors[2])   # Blue
        print("REd, GrEeN, BlUe")
        
    def sing_Fool(self):
        print("I'm Singing")
        
    def cleanup(self):
        """Set up the hardware components."""
        i2c.deinit()
            
    def run(self):
        PWM.start(self.redPin, 0, 100)
        PWM.start(self.bluePin, 0, 100)
        PWM.start(self.greenPin, 0, 100)
        while True:
            try:
                time.sleep(1)
                self.read_Color_In()
                
            except Exception as e:
                print(e)
        print("something")
        PWM.stop(self.redPin)
        PWM.stop(self.bluePin)
        PWM.stop(self.greenPin)



# end def


# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Main script
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------

if __name__ == '__main__':
    setup()
    LetterWriterThingy.ada_setup
    t1 = Motor(adcPin = ANALOG_INPUT, motorPin= MOTOR_OUTPUT)
    t2 = Color_Sensor_Class(redPin = RED, greenPin = GREEN, bluePin = BLUE)
    t1.start()   #Function call so open and close those parentheses
    t2.start()
    
    try:
        main_thread = threading.currentThread()
        for t in threading.enumerate():
            if t is not main_thread:
                t.join()   #Wait for thread to finish
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        PWM.stop(MOTOR_OUTPUT)
    LetterWriterThingy.ada_cleanup
        
    
    
    
    print("Servo Control Program Finished")
    cleanup()

Credits

Jorge Tito-Arce

1 project • 0 followers

Colorful Tunes

Things used in this project

Hardware components

Hand tools and fabrication machines

Story

Motivation

Overview

The Electronics

Future Improvements

Schematics

Important File 1: Fritzing Diagram for Colorful Tunes

Figure 1: Circle cut from cardboard

Figure 2: Motor-Cardboard Combo

Figure 3: Color Wheel on Cardboard Wheel

Figure 4.1: Color Wheel Attached to rectangular box

Figure 4.2: Motor attached to box

Figure 5: Fritzing Diagram

Figure 6: Pin Map (Courtesy of Erick Welsh)

Important File 2: Project Running Video

Code

Colorful Tunes: A start

Useful Code

Credits

Jorge Tito-Arce

Comments

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Colorful Tunes

Colorful Tunes

Things used in this project

Hardware components

Hand tools and fabrication machines

Story

Motivation

Overview

The Electronics

Future Improvements

Schematics

Important File 1: Fritzing Diagram for Colorful Tunes

Figure 1: Circle cut from cardboard

Figure 2: Motor-Cardboard Combo

Figure 3: Color Wheel on Cardboard Wheel

Figure 4.1: Color Wheel Attached to rectangular box

Figure 4.2: Motor attached to box

Figure 5: Fritzing Diagram

Figure 6: Pin Map (Courtesy of Erick Welsh)

Important File 2: Project Running Video

Code

Colorful Tunes: A start

Useful Code

Credits

Jorge Tito-Arce

Comments

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