Ian Cumming
Published © LGPL

More than an Hour Timer

A one button interface for a "Hour" countdown timer that uses a 3 digit binary number to select times other than an hour.

BeginnerFull instructions provided1 hour22,559

Things used in this project

Hardware components

Arduino UNO
Arduino UNO
×1
Breadboard (generic)
Breadboard (generic)
×1
Resistor 10k ohm
Resistor 10k ohm
×1
Resistor 221 ohm
Resistor 221 ohm
×3
General Purpose Transistor NPN
General Purpose Transistor NPN
×1
Buzzer
Buzzer
×1
Tactile Button
×1
Jumper wires (generic)
Jumper wires (generic)
×1
LED (generic)
LED (generic)
×3

Software apps and online services

Arduino IDE
Arduino IDE

Story

Read more

Custom parts and enclosures

Easy Timer Arduino Cathode

Easy Timer Arduino

Easy Timer AtTiny85

Schematics

Arduino Anode Schematic

ATTINY Anode Schematic

Arduino Anode Breadboard

Code

One button timer

Arduino
Arduino Code
/*
  Overly Complicated one Hour Timer
  A countdown timer controlled by one button that has a range of 0h01 to 1h30 in 7 intervals
  By Ian Cumming https://www.hackster.io/ianabcumming/


  H/W: 3 x LED's, 4 x 220OHM resistors, Piezo Buzzer, Arduino UNO, NPN Transistor, Button.
*/

// LOTS OF DEFINES TO KEEP THINGS EASY TO READ AND SAVE SPACE
#define DEVICE ARDUINO      // ARDUINO or ATTINY85
#define COMMON_PIN_ANODE 1  // 1 = Common Anode; 0 = Common Cathode

#define ATTINY85 1
#define ARDUINO 0

#define SWITCH_OFF_LENGTH 3

#if DEVICE
//ATTINY85 INCLUDES & DEFINES
#include <avr/sleep.h>
#include <avr/interrupt.h>
  #define LED1   0
  #define LED2   1
  #define LED3   2
  #define BUTTON 3
  #define BUZZER 4
#else
  #define LED1   11
  #define LED2   12
  #define LED3   13
  #define BUTTON 2
  #define BUZZER 6
#endif

// PROGRAM STATES
#define CHOOSETIMER 1
#define COUNTDOWN   2
#define BUZZ        3

// BUTTON STATES
#define NO_PRESS 0
#define SHORT_PRESS 1
#define LONG_PRESS 2
#define OFF_PRESS 3

// VARIABLES WOOP!
unsigned long timer = 0;
byte MODE = 2;
byte cdMenu = 1;
int countDown = 45;
int times[] = {0,   60,   300,    900,    1800,   2700,   3600,   5400};

#if DEVICE
void sleep () {                         // with compliments of https://bigdanzblog.wordpress.com/2014/08/10/attiny85-wake-from-sleep-on-pin-state-change-code-example/
  delay(500);                           // BUTTON DEBOUNCE (LONG)

  beep(); delay(200);
  beep(); delay(200);
  beep();

  countDown = times[cdMenu];            // RESET TIMER READY FOR WHEN YOU COME BACK FROM SLEEPING
  MODE = COUNTDOWN;                     // GETTING READY FOR WHEN YOU COME BACK FROM SLEEPING

  GIMSK |= _BV(PCIE);                   // Enable Pin Change Interrupts
  PCMSK |= _BV(BUTTON);                 // Use PB3 as interrupt pin
  ADCSRA &= ~_BV(ADEN);                 // ADC off
  set_sleep_mode(SLEEP_MODE_PWR_DOWN);  // replaces above statement

  sleep_enable();                       // Sets the Sleep Enable bit in the MCUCR Register (SE BIT)
  sei();                                // Enable interrupts
  sleep_cpu();                          // sleep

  cli();                                // Disable interrupts
  PCMSK &= ~_BV(BUTTON);                // Turn off PB3 as interrupt pin
  sleep_disable();                      // Clear SE bit
  ADCSRA |= _BV(ADEN);                  // ADC on

  sei();                                // Enable interrupts


  beep(); delay(200);
  beep();
}
ISR(PCINT0_vect) {}
#else
void sleep () {

  delay(500); // BUTTON DEBOUNCE (LONG)

  beep(); delay(200);
  beep(); delay(200);
  beep();

  countDown = times[cdMenu];  // RESET TIMER READY FOR WHEN YOU COME BACK FROM SLEEPING
  MODE = COUNTDOWN;           // GETTING READY FOR WHEN YOU COME BACK FROM SLEEPING

  // EMULATES THE SLEEPING WHEN USING THE ARDUIN (IT SAVES NO POWER)
  while (digitalRead(BUTTON));

  beep(); delay(200);
  beep();
}
#endif

// SELF EXPLANITORY
void beep() {
  digitalWrite(BUZZER, HIGH);
  delay(30);
  digitalWrite(BUZZER, LOW);
}

// SETS ALL LED's PINS TO LOW OR HIGH DEPENDING ON THE LED's COMMON PIN CONNECTION
void clearDisplay() {
  byte leds = 0;
#if COMMON_PIN_ANODE
  digitalWrite(LED1, !bitRead(leds, 0));
  digitalWrite(LED2, !bitRead(leds, 1));
  digitalWrite(LED3, !bitRead(leds, 2));
#else
  digitalWrite(LED1, bitRead(leds, 0));
  digitalWrite(LED2, bitRead(leds, 1));
  digitalWrite(LED3, bitRead(leds, 2));
#endif
}
// SHOW THE TIME SELECTED
void displayTime() {
  int leds = 0;
  // GET THE INDEX IN THE ARRAY FROM THE countDown VALUE
  for (int t = 0; t < 8; t++) {
    if (countDown >= times[t]) {
      leds = t;
    }
  }
#if COMMON_PIN_ANODE
  digitalWrite(LED1, !bitRead(leds, 0));
  digitalWrite(LED2, !bitRead(leds, 1));
  digitalWrite(LED3, !bitRead(leds, 2));
#else
  digitalWrite(LED1, bitRead(leds, 0));
  digitalWrite(LED2, bitRead(leds, 1));
  digitalWrite(LED3, bitRead(leds, 2));
#endif
}

// SHOW THE CURRENT COUNT DOWN (ROUNDED UP)
void displayCountDownTime() {
  int leds = 0;
  for (int t = 0; t < 8; t++) {
    if (countDown >= times[t]) {
      leds = t + 1;
    }
  }
#if COMMON_PIN_ANODE
  digitalWrite(LED1, !bitRead(leds, 0));
  digitalWrite(LED2, !bitRead(leds, 1));
  digitalWrite(LED3, !bitRead(leds, 2));
#else
  digitalWrite(LED1, bitRead(leds, 0));
  digitalWrite(LED2, bitRead(leds, 1));
  digitalWrite(LED3, bitRead(leds, 2));
#endif
}

// FINDS OUT THE BUTTON STATES
byte buttonCheck() {
  clearDisplay();

  int butLength = NO_PRESS;
  int mybut = digitalRead(BUTTON);
  if (!mybut) {

    // START TIMING
    unsigned long timerButton = millis() / 10;
    beep();

    // LOOP HERE WHILE THE BUTTON IS DOWN CONTINUING TO TIME
    while (!mybut) {
      mybut = digitalRead(BUTTON);

      // BLINK RANDOMLY WHEN THE TIMER VALUE IS LONGER THAN THE SET VALUE FOR THE SWITCH OFF
      if ((millis() / 10 - timerButton) > (SWITCH_OFF_LENGTH * 100)) {
        digitalWrite(LED1, bitRead(millis() / 100, 0));
        digitalWrite(LED2, bitRead(millis() / 100, 1));
        digitalWrite(LED3, bitRead(millis() / 100, 2));
      }
    }

    clearDisplay();

    // DECIDE WHAT TO RETURN DEPENDING ON HOW LONG THE BUTTON WAS HELD IN
    if ((millis() / 10 - timerButton) > 75) {
      butLength = LONG_PRESS;
    } else {
      butLength = SHORT_PRESS;
    }
    if ((millis() / 10 - timerButton) > (SWITCH_OFF_LENGTH * 100)) {
      butLength = OFF_PRESS;
    }
    delay(50);                    // SORT OF DEBOUNCING THE BUTTON PRESS
  }

  return butLength;
}


void setup() {
  pinMode(LED1, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(LED2, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(LED3, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(BUZZER, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(BUTTON, INPUT_PULLUP);
  timer = (millis() / 100);
  clearDisplay();
}

void loop() {
  int button = buttonCheck();

  switch (button) {
    case LONG_PRESS:
      // CYCLE THROUGH THE MODES
      MODE++;
      if (MODE >= BUZZ) {
        MODE = CHOOSETIMER;
      }
      break;
    case OFF_PRESS:
      sleep();
      button = NO_PRESS;                 // FORCE THE BUTTON TO NO_PRESS (I CAN'T REMEMBER WHY THOUGH)
      break;
  }

  switch (MODE) {
    case CHOOSETIMER:
      countDown = times[cdMenu];          // SET THE COUNT DOWN TIME FROM THE ARRAY OF TIMES
      if (button == SHORT_PRESS) {        // CYCLE TIMES
        cdMenu++;
        if (cdMenu == 8) {
          cdMenu = 1; // skip 0 value in the array
        }
        countDown = times[cdMenu];
      }
      displayTime();
      break;
    case COUNTDOWN:
      //EVERY SECCOND FLASH YOUR REMAINING TIME (ROUNDING UP) AND COUNT DOWN
      if (((millis() / 100) - timer) >= 10) {
        timer = (millis() / 100);
        displayCountDownTime();
        delay(50);
        clearDisplay();
        countDown--;
      }

      // WHEN THE COUNTDOWN IS UP BUZZ!!!!!
      if (countDown <= 0) {
        MODE = BUZZ;
      }

      break;
    case BUZZ:
      // BUZZ!
      digitalWrite(BUZZER, HIGH);

      // FLASH!
      digitalWrite(LED1, bitRead(millis() / 100, 0));
      digitalWrite(LED2, bitRead(millis() / 100, 1));
      digitalWrite(LED3, bitRead(millis() / 100, 2));

      // SWITCH OFF WHEN THE BUTON IS PRESSED
      if (button == SHORT_PRESS) {
        digitalWrite(BUZZER, LOW);
        clearDisplay();
        sleep();
        button = NO_PRESS;                 // FORCE THE BUTTON TO NO_PRESS (I CAN'T REMEMBER WHY THOUGH)
      }
      break;
  }
}

Credits

Ian Cumming

Ian Cumming

6 projects • 71 followers
I like stuff, from building rockets to elctronics.

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