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This project demonstrates how to calculate the speed of a moving object using Arduino and two IR Sensors.
The IR Sensors are placed 1m apart. When an object passes in front of these sensors, the respective times (T1 and T2) are logged. The speed of the object is calculated using the formula:
speed = distance/time.
In this demonstration, the distance between the 2 IR sensors is 1m, and the time taken is (T2 - T1) if T2 > T1, or (T1 - T2) if T1 > T2. Hence the speed of the object is calculated irrespective of the direction (bidirectional).
The results are displayed on the OLED display as well as the Serial Monitor.
/* Speed Sensor
This sketch is used to detect the speed of a moving object between two IR
Sensors connected to the Arduino. The IR Sensors are placed at a set distance.
The program calculates the speed using the formula Speed = Distance/Time.
The program then prints the speed of the object on the OLED Display.
In addition, start time, end time and the speed are displayed on the
Serial Monitor. The unit used here is metre per second (m/s).
This program is made by Shreyas for Electronics Champ YouTube Channel.
Please subscribe to this channel. Thank You.
*/
#include <Wire.h>
#include <Adafruit_GFX.h>
#include <Adafruit_SSD1306.h> //Including the libraries
double startTime = 0; //Initialize the start time
double endTime = 0; //Initialize the end time
double timeTakenInSeconds = 0; //Difference between start and end time
double speedOfObject = 0; //Holds the value distance divided by time taken
const double distance = 1; // Distance between the two sensors is set to 1 metre
int executed = 0; //Flag to run the code in the loop only once. When set to 1, code in the loop is not executed.
int sensor1 = 9; //First sensor is connected to pin 9
int sensor2 = 11; //Second sensor is connected to pin 11
int led1 = 10; //An LED to indicate that the first sensor has sensed an object
int led2 = 12; //An LED to indicate that the second sensor has sensed an object
#define SCREEN_WIDTH 128 // OLED display width, in pixels
#define SCREEN_HEIGHT 64 // OLED display height, in pixels
Adafruit_SSD1306 oled(SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT);
//Prints the logo on OLED Display
static const uint8_t PROGMEM logo[] = {
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};
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
//Sets the pin modes of sensors and LEDs
pinMode(sensor1, INPUT);
pinMode(sensor2, INPUT);
pinMode(led1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(led2, OUTPUT);
//LEDs are turned off
digitalWrite(led1, LOW);
digitalWrite(led2, LOW);
//OLED setup (Change the address (0x3C) according to the display)
oled.begin(SSD1306_SWITCHCAPVCC, 0x3C);
oled.clearDisplay();
oled.drawBitmap(0, 0, logo, 128, 64, 1);
oled.display();
delay(1000);
oled.clearDisplay();
}
void loop() {
if (executed == 0) { //Flag is initialized to 0 to ensure that the loop runs only once
if (digitalRead(sensor1) == 1) { //If movement is detected by the first sensor
digitalWrite(led1, HIGH); //Turn on the LED
if (startTime == 0) { //If startTime is 0 and no time has been logged yet
startTime = millis(); //Assign Arduino time to startTime
}
}
if (digitalRead(sensor2) == 1) { //If movement is detected by the second sensor
digitalWrite(led2, HIGH); //Turn on the LED
if (endTime == 0) { //If endTime is 0 and no time has been logged yet
endTime = millis(); //Assign Arduino time to endTime
}
}
if ((startTime != 0) && (endTime != 0)) { //Now calculate the speed of the object if both times have been registered
if (startTime < endTime) { //If the object moves from sensor on pin 9 to sensor on pin 11
timeTakenInSeconds = (endTime - startTime) / 1000.0; //Convert miliseconds to seconds
speedOfObject = distance / timeTakenInSeconds; //Calculate speed in metres per second
/* Print the values to the serial monitor */
Serial.print("Start Time: "); //Print to the serial monitor
Serial.print(startTime); //Print value
Serial.println(" milliseconds");
Serial.print("End Time: "); //Print value
Serial.print(endTime); //Print value
Serial.println(" milliseconds");
Serial.print("Speed of Object = ");
Serial.print(speedOfObject);
Serial.println(" m/s");
Serial.println(" ");
oled.clearDisplay();
oled.setTextSize(2);
oled.setCursor(0, 0);
oled.setTextColor(WHITE);
oled.print("Speed of");
oled.setCursor(0, 19);
oled.print("Object is");
oled.setCursor(0, 37);
oled.print(speedOfObject);
oled.println(" m/s");
oled.display();
executed = 1; //Set the value to 1 to stop the loop from running again
reset();
}
else { //If the object moves from sensor on pin 11 to sensor on pin 9
timeTakenInSeconds = (startTime - endTime) / 1000.0; //The value of startTime is greater than endTime
speedOfObject = distance / timeTakenInSeconds; //Calculate speed in metres per second
/* Print the values to the serial monitor */
Serial.print("Start Time: ");
Serial.print(endTime);
Serial.println(" milliseconds");
Serial.print("End Time: ");
Serial.print(startTime);
Serial.println(" milliseconds");
Serial.print("Speed of Object = ");
Serial.print(speedOfObject);
Serial.println(" m/s");
Serial.println(" ");
/* Print the values on the OLED Display */
oled.clearDisplay();
oled.setTextSize(2);
oled.setCursor(0, 0);
oled.setTextColor(WHITE);
oled.print("Speed of");
oled.setCursor(0, 19);
oled.print("Object is");
oled.setCursor(0, 37);
oled.print(speedOfObject);
oled.println(" m/s");
oled.display();
executed = 1; //Set the value to 1 to stop the loop from running again
reset(); //A function to start the loop from running again
}
}
}
}
void reset() {
delay(5000);
executed = 0;
startTime = 0;
endTime = 0; //Set the value to 0 to start the loop from running again
digitalWrite(led1, LOW);
digitalWrite(led2, LOW); //Turns off both the LEDs
speedOfObject = 0; //sets the speed to 0
//Resets the OLED Display
oled.clearDisplay();
oled.setTextSize(2);
oled.setCursor(0, 0);
oled.setTextColor(WHITE);
oled.print("Speed of");
oled.setCursor(0, 19);
oled.print("Object is");
oled.setCursor(0, 37);
oled.print(speedOfObject);
oled.println(" m/s");
oled.display();
}
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