Samuel Jasmer
Published

Robotic Arm And 3D Modeling

A 3D printed robotic arm, controlled through an Arduino, also being 3D rendered in Python OpenGL, using the Ci20 board.

AdvancedShowcase (no instructions)Over 8 days11,930

Things used in this project

Hardware components

Creator Ci20
Creator Ci20
×1
Arduino UNO
Arduino UNO
×1
Servos (Tower Pro MG996R)
×2
Jumper wires (generic)
Jumper wires (generic)
×1
Adafruit 2-Axis Joystick
×1
Capacitor 10 µF
Capacitor 10 µF
×3
Capacitor 1 µF
Capacitor 1 µF
×2

Hand tools and fabrication machines

3D Printer (generic)
3D Printer (generic)

Story

Read more

Custom parts and enclosures

elbow_bracket.SLDPRT

elbow_hinge.SLDPRT

elbow_pulley.SLDPRT

Humerus.SLDPRT

shoulder_bracket.SLDPRT

shoulder_hinge.SLDPRT

ulna.SLDPRT

upper_pulley.SLDPRT

wrist_bracket.SLDPRT

wrist_connector.SLDPRT

wrist_hinge_axis_1.SLDPRT

wrist_hinge_axis_2.SLDPRT

elbow_bracket.STL

elbow_hinge.STL

elbow_pulley.STL

Humerus.STL

shoulder_bracket.STL

shoulder_hinge.STL

ulna.STL

upper_pulley.STL

wrist_bracket.STL

wrist_connector.STL

wrist_hinge_axis_1.STL

wrist_hinge_axis_2.STL

Schematics

Arduino and Ci20 Schematic

Depicted in this schematic is the circuit to control the servos and connect them to the arduino. (Not Depicted: The Arduino's Tx line is also connected to the Ci20's UART0 RX Pin, located on GPIO pin 10 of the main header. The Ci20 also supplies 3.3v to the arduino's VIN pin, and the ground pins of the arduino and Ci20 are also connected.)

Code

Python OpenGL Robotic Arm Model

Python
A program written using the python opengl library. It features a controllable arm model and movable camera.
Key Controls:
- L and R arrows: translate x
- U and D arrows: translate y
- J and L keys: translate z

- A and D keys: x rotation
- W and S keys: y rotation
- I and K keys: z rotation

- G and H keys: Arm rotation
import serial
import time
import sys
import math
import pygame
from pygame.locals import *

from OpenGL.GL import *
from OpenGL.GLU import *


#Initialize Serial Port (On uart0)
port = serial.Serial("/dev/ttyS0",baudrate=9600,timeout=1)

#Map function variables
in_min=0
in_max=1024
out_min=0
out_max=90








def axes():
	axesVerticies=(
		(0,0,0),
		(50,0,0),
		(0,50,0),
		(0,0,50),
		(50,50,0),
		(0,50,50),
		(50,0,50)	
		)
	axesEdges= (
		(0,1),
		(0,2),
		(0,3),
		(1,4),
		(1,6),
		(2,4),
		(2,5),
		(3,5),
		(3,6)
		)
	axesSurfaces= (
		(0,1,6,3),
		(0,1,4,2),
		(0,2,5,3)
		)
	axesColors = (
		(1,.5,.5),#red
		(.5,1,.5),#green
		(.5,.5,1),#blue
		(1,.5,.5),
		(.5,1,.5),
		(.5,.5,1),
		(1,.5,.5),
		(.5,1,.5),
		(.5,.5,1),
		(1,.5,.5),
		(.5,1,.5),
		(.5,.5,1)
		)

	glBegin(GL_QUADS)
	
	i=0
	for surface in axesSurfaces:
		i+=1
		glColor3fv(axesColors[i])
		#Color the different surfaces red, blue, and green
		for vertex in surface:
			glVertex3fv(axesVerticies[vertex])
				
	glEnd()


	#Build Axes
	glBegin(GL_LINES)
	for edge in axesEdges:
		for vertex in edge:
			glVertex3fv(axesVerticies[vertex])	
	glEnd()








	
def radius(a):
	radiusVerticies= (
		(0,0,0),
		(0,3,0),
		(20,0,0),
		(20,5,0),
		(0,0,.5),
		(0,3,.5),
		(20,0,.5),
		(20,5,.5)
		)
	radiusEdges= (
		(0,1),
		(0,2),
		(0,4),
		(1,3),
		(1,5),
		(2,3),
		(2,6),	
		(3,7),
		(4,5),
		(4,6),
		(5,7),
		(6,7)
		)
	radiusSurfaces= (
		(0,1,2,3),
		(4,5,6,7),
		(0,1,4,5),
		(2,3,6,7),
		(0,2,4,6),
		(1,3,5,7)
		)
	
	glRotatef(90,0,0,1)#Position the Radius Vertically
	glRotatef(90,1,0,0)
	glTranslatef(25,25,25)#Move to center

	glRotate(-a,0,0,-1)#Rotate Radius by a, a is changed on keypress
	glTranslatef(-20,0,0)#Keep the Radius the same distance away after rotation


	glBegin(GL_QUADS)

	for surface in radiusSurfaces:
		glColor3fv((1,1,1))#Color the Radius White

	glEnd()

	#Build the Radius
	glBegin(GL_LINES)
	for edge in radiusEdges:
		for vertex in edge:
			glVertex3fv(radiusVerticies[vertex])
	glEnd()

	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	

def humerus():
	humerusVerticies= (
		(0,0,0),
		(0,5,0),
		(25,-1,0),
		(25,6,0),
		(0,0,.5),
		(0,5,.5),
		(25,-1,.5),
		(25,6,.5)
		)
	humerusEdges= (
		(0,1),
		(0,2),
		(0,4),
		(1,3),
		(1,5),
		(2,3),
		(2,6),	
		(3,7),
		(4,5),
		(4,6),
		(5,7),
		(6,7)
		)
	humerusSurfaces= (
		(0,1,2,3),
		(4,5,6,7),
		(0,1,4,5),
		(2,3,6,7),
		(0,2,4,6),
		(1,3,5,7)
	  )
	
	#Position the Humerus Vertically
	glRotatef(90,0,0,1)
	glRotatef(90,1,0,0)
	glTranslatef(25,25,25)
	
	
	glBegin(GL_QUADS)

	for surface in humerusSurfaces:
		glColor3fv((1,1,1))#Color the Humerus White

	glEnd()

	#Build the Humerus
	glBegin(GL_LINES)

	for edge in humerusEdges:
		for vertex in edge:
			glVertex3fv(humerusVerticies[vertex])
	glEnd()







def map(rcv,in_min,in_max,out_min,out_max):
	#This function is from the arduino. It maps the values
	#of one input, onto a different range, creating the output
	return(rcv-in_min*(out_max-out_min)/(in_max-in_min)+out_min)







def serialInput():
	#This function reads the serial port, uart0
	#It then processes the data into a usable variable
	#by the radius function
	
	#This Function is broken and does not work currently
	rcv = port.readline()
	int(rcv)
	a = map(rcv,in_min,in_max,out_min,out_max)
	return(a)

	
	
	
	
	
def text(x,y,z):
	#Print out the position of the camera
	#Rotation isn't implemented, so it won't be accurate
	print("Position:",x,y,z)
	sys.stdout.write("\033[F")
	
	
	
	
	

def main():

	#Build Pygame Window
	pygame.init()
	display = (800,800)
	pygame.display.set_mode(display, DOUBLEBUF|OPENGL)


	gluPerspective(45, (display[0]/display[1]), 0.1, 300.0)

	#Set Camera Position
	glRotatef(-45,-1,0,0)#Rotate Camera down
	glRotatef(45,0,-1,0)#Rotate Camera turn
	glTranslatef(-100,-150,-100)#Translate the camera to the corner


#I had problems figuring out how to properly arrange these functions
#There order will effect their outcomes; Changing one value can
#have drastically different results.
#Rotating the camera first is important, because if you
#translate it first, the rotation after it is then multiplied
#with the translation, causing it to do things you wouldn't 
#expect.
	
	#Variables

	#Radius Angle
	a=0
	
	#Coordinates
	x=0
	y=0
	z=0
	

	#Keystates
	KLEFT=False
	KRIGHT=False
	KUP=False
	KDOWN=False
	KJ=False		
	KL=False
	KA=False
	KD=False
	KW=False
	KS=False
	KI=False
	KK=False	
	KG=False
	KH=False
	
	#Infinite while loop
	while True:
		#Event Handling loop
		for event in pygame.event.get():
			if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
				pygame.quit()
				quit()
				#Kill Window

			#KEYEVENT KEYDOWN HANDLING
			if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
				#TRANSLATE
				if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
					KLEFT=True
				if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
					KRIGHT=True
				if event.key == pygame.K_UP:
					KUP=True
				if event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
					KDOWN=True
				if event.key == pygame.K_j:
					KJ=True
				if event.key == pygame.K_l:
					KL=True
				
				#ROTATE
				if event.key == pygame.K_a:
					KA=True			
				if event.key == pygame.K_d:
					KD=True		        	
				if event.key == pygame.K_w:
					KW=True			
				if event.key == pygame.K_s:
					KS=True
				if event.key == pygame.K_i:
					KI=True			
				if event.key == pygame.K_k:
					KK=True
				#Arm Control
				#Optional key usage to move arm model

				if event.key == pygame.K_g:
					KG=True
				if event.key == pygame.K_h:
					KH=True
					
			#KEYEVENT KEYUP HANDLING
			if event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
				#TRANSLATE
				if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
					KLEFT=False
				if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
					KRIGHT=False
				if event.key == pygame.K_UP:
					KUP=False
				if event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
					KDOWN=False
				if event.key == pygame.K_j:
					KJ=False
				if event.key == pygame.K_l:
					KL=False
		
				#ROTATE
				if event.key == pygame.K_a:
					KA=False
				if event.key == pygame.K_d:
					KD=False
				if event.key == pygame.K_w:
					KW=False	
				if event.key == pygame.K_s:
					KS=False
				if event.key == pygame.K_i:
					KI=False
				if event.key == pygame.K_k:
					KK=False

				#Arm Angle
				#Optional key usage to move arm model
				
				if event.key == pygame.K_g:
					KG=False
				if event.key == pygame.K_h:
					KH=False
				

		#KEY PRESS ACTIONS

		#TRANSLATE
		if KLEFT==True:
			glTranslatef(5,0,0)
			x+=5
		if KRIGHT==True:
			glTranslatef(-5,0,0)
			x-=5
		if KUP==True:
			glTranslatef(0,-5,0)
			y+=5
		if KDOWN==True:
			glTranslatef(0,5,0)
			y-=5
		if KJ==True:
			glTranslatef(0,0,-5)
			z+=5
		if KL==True:
			glTranslatef(0,0,5)
			z-=5

		#ROTATE
		if KA==True:
			glRotate(5,0,1,0)
		if KD==True:
			glRotate(5,0,-1,0)
		if KW==True:
			glRotate(5,-1,0,0)
		if KS==True:
			glRotate(5,1,0,0)
		if KI==True:
			glRotate(5,0,0,-1)
		if KK==True:
			glRotate(5,0,0,1)
		
		#Arm Angle
		#Optional key usage to move arm model
		if KG==True:
			a+=5
	
		if KH==True:
			a-=5
		
				

#Another area I had trouble with was understanding how the camera
#translation, and rotation, all worked together. An assumption
#I had from when I started learning about 3D programming,
#was that when translate or rotate was called, the camera
#was doing the moving. This caused me major confusion, due
#to me then not understanding how to translate and rotate
#objects.

#This is an important distinction:
#	-The world is not static and the camera moves
#	-But the camera is static and the world moves
#Once I realized the second statement is true, then everything
#became much clearer, and I could continue working on my project
#with much less confusion.
		




		glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)

		#Get joystick input
		#serialInput()

	
		#Draw shapes
		axes()

		glPushMatrix()
		radius(a)
		glPopMatrix()

		glPushMatrix()
		humerus()
		glPopMatrix()

		
		text(x,y,z)

		pygame.display.flip()
		pygame.time.wait(10)
	

main()

Python Serial Test

Python
This was a test program for testing out the serial port of the Ci20.
import serial
port = serial.Serial("/dev/bus/usb/003",baudrate=9600,timeout=3.0)
#"/dev/bus/usb/003"
while True:
	rcv = port.readline()
	print(rcv)	

Arduino Joystick to Servo Control

Arduino
This program takes the input of the joysticks and maps the servos position to it.
#include <Servo.h>

Servo servo1;
Servo servo2;

void setup() {
  
  Serial.begin(9600);
  while(!Serial){
    //Wait until Serial port opens before sending data
  }
  pinMode(A0,INPUT);
  pinMode(A1,INPUT);
  pinMode(10,OUTPUT);
  pinMode(9,OUTPUT);
  servo1.attach(10);
  servo2.attach(9);
}

void loop() {

  servoFunction();
  
}

void servoFunction(){
  //Read Joystick Position
  int x = analogRead(A0);
  int y = analogRead(A1);
  
  //Send Joystick Position to the serial port
  Serial.println(x);
  Serial.println(' ');
  Serial.println(y);

  //Map motor position to joystick position
  int s1position = map(x, 0, 1023, 500, 2300);
  int s2position = map(y, 1023, 0, 600, 2400);
  //Range of servo1: 500-2300
  //Range of servo2: 600-2400
  //Each Servo has a specific range for its end stops
  //This was determined through trial and error
  
  //Set motor position to joystick position
  servo1.writeMicroseconds(s1position);
  servo2.writeMicroseconds(s2position);
  
}

Credits

Samuel Jasmer

Samuel Jasmer

1 project • 5 followers
Mechanical Engineer, college freshman
Thanks to Sentdex.

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