Automatic Day-Night LED Strip Controller Using Arduino

This project creates an automatic light ON/OFF system using an LDR, a relay module, and an Arduino UNO Mini. When the environment becomes dark, the system turns an LED strip ON automatically. When enough light returns, it switches the strip OFF again. This is a clean, simple, beginner-friendly automation build that teaches light sensing, voltage dividers, and relay control.

Supplies Required

• Arduino UNO Mini: A smaller, more compact version of the classic Arduino UNO. It acts as the brain of the project. It reads the light level from the LDR makes decision based on the code you upload, and controls the relay. Runs on a 5v microcontroller (ATmega328P) and connects to your computer via USB.
• LDR ( Light Dependent Resistor ): A special type of resistor whose resistance changes with light. Bright light - low resistance Darkness - high resistance By reading this change through an analog pin, the Arduino can tell how bright or dark the environment is. This is the main sensor of the project.
• 10k Resistor: Used with the LDR create a voltage divider. This converts the changing resistance of the LDR into a changing voltage, which the Arduino can measure. The 10k value is ideal for typical indoor lighting conditions.
• Relay Module (5v): A small electrically operated switch. It allows the Arduino (low power 5v signal) controls something that draws much more power like a 12 v LED strip. It provides electrical isolation keeping the Arduino safe. The relay switch ON when the Arduino signals it and OFF when the signal stops.
• LED Strip (12 V): The lighting output of the project. When the relay turns ON, the LED strip receives power from the 12V adapter and lights up. When the relay turns OFF, the power is cut, and the strip turns off automatically.
• 12v Power Adapter: Supplies the necessary power for the LED strip. The Arduino cannot power the LED strip directly, so the adapter provides a separate power source that the relay controls. Provides a stable DC voltage for safe and consistent lighting.
• Jumper Wires: Flexible wires used to connect components on the breadboard. They link the the LDR circuit to the Arduino and connect the relay to the digital pins and power rails.

Software Description

Arduino IDE: The Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) is the software used to write, edit, and upload code to the Arduino board.

Features include:

• A simple code editor for writing sketches
• One-click Verify and Upload buttons
• A Serial Monitor that shows sensor readings from the board
• Built-in libraries and examples
• Support for thousands of Arduino-compatible boards.

The IDE converts your code into machine instructions and sends it to the Arduino UNO Mini through the USB cable. It is beginner-friendly and perfect for learning programming and electronics.

Steps To Build

Wiring the LDR SensorCreate a voltage divider

• LDR leg1 - 5v
• LDR leg 2 - A0
• 10k resistor between A0 and GND

This setup gives the Arduino a changing voltage that represents brightness.

Wiring the Relay Module

• Relay VCC - 5v
• Relay GND - GND
• Relay IN - Digital Pin 2

LEDStripPower

For a 12v LED Strip:

• LED strip + directly to 12V supply
• LED strip - to COM on relay
• Relay NO to the 12v supply ground

The relay will switch the strip ON/OFF by controlling the ground connection.

Uploading The Code

Use the Arduino IDE The sketch below reads the LDR, checks if it's dark, and switches the relay.

// Beginner-friendly: Read button on pin 6 and control a relay on pin 2
// Wiring (recommended):
//  - Relay module VCC -> 5V
//  - Relay module GND -> GND
//  - Relay module IN  -> Arduino digital pin 2
//  - Button one side -> Arduino pin 6
//  - Button other side -> GND
// Note: This sketch uses INPUT_PULLUP, so button connects to GND when pressed.
const int RELAY_PIN = 2;    // Relay control pin
const int BUTTON_PIN = 7;   // Input pin (button or switch)
// If your relay module is "active LOW" (common for many modules), set true.
// If your relay turns ON when IN is HIGH, set false.
const bool RELAY_ACTIVE_LOW = false;
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);                 // Optional: debug output to Serial Monitor
pinMode(RELAY_PIN, OUTPUT);         // Relay pin is an output
pinMode(BUTTON_PIN, INPUT_PULLUP);  // Use the internal pull-up resistor
// Make sure relay starts OFF
if (RELAY_ACTIVE_LOW) digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, HIGH); // HIGH -> off for active-low relay
else digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, LOW);                   // LOW  -> off for active-high relay
Serial.println("Ready. Press the button to turn the relay ON.");
}
//Made By Rohan Barnwal
void loop() {
// Read the button. Because of INPUT_PULLUP, pressed == LOW.
int raw = digitalRead(BUTTON_PIN);
bool pressed = (raw == LOW); // true when button is pressed
// Simple debounce: when we detect a press state change, wait briefly and re-read.
static bool lastPressed = false;
if (pressed != lastPressed) {
delay(30);                     // small debounce delay (30 ms)
raw = digitalRead(BUTTON_PIN);
pressed = (raw == LOW);
lastPressed = pressed;
}
// Turn relay on or off based on button
if (pressed) {
// Turn relay ON
if (RELAY_ACTIVE_LOW) digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, LOW);  // active-low -> LOW turns ON
else digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, HIGH);                  // active-high -> HIGH turns ON
Serial.println("Relay: ON");
} else {
// Turn relay OFF
if (RELAY_ACTIVE_LOW) digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, HIGH); // active-low -> HIGH turns OFF
else digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, LOW);                   // active-high -> LOW turns OFF
Serial.println("Relay: OFF");
}
delay(100); // small loop delay to avoid flooding Serial
}

Testing

• Cover the LDR with your hands - LED strip should turn ON
• Shine a light - LED strip should turn OFF

Taking It to the Next Level - With JUSTWAY

Your breadboard prototype may work perfectly, but looks like a tech spaghetti bowl.

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• 3D Printing (SLA / HP-PA12): SLA resin for clear aesthetic display, HP-PA12 nylon for durable, matte finish

Pro Tip: Want your circuit look futuristic?

• Use transparent SLA resin to show off your Arduino and LEDs
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Conclusion

You now have a simple and reliable automatic lighting controller using an LDR, relay, and Arduino UNO Mini. This system is great for bedrooms, hallways, stair lighting, or outdoor decorative LEDs. By combining this with a 3D-printed housing from JUSTWAY, you can turn a hobby build into a neat, durable, professional-looking device.