Learn Arduino Port manipulation-2022 - Wokwi Systems Simulat

Introduction to Port manipulation in Arduino

There are three PORT manipulation registers for your Arduino UNO> using the Port manipulation register, you can read the pin status faster, read multiple pins together. Wokwi Embedded Systems simulator enables you to simulate several boards such as Raspberry Pi Pico, ESP32, and more.

There are three registers

• DDR - Use this to tell whether the Pin is an INPUT or OUTPUT
• PORT - Port pin registers whether the pin is a HIGH or a LOW
• PIN - Use this to read the state of the pins which are defined as inputs

Some more info

PORTD maps to Arduino digital pins 0 to 7

DDRD - The Port D Data Direction Register - read/write

PORTD - The Port D Data Register - read/write

PIND - The Port D Input Pins Register - read only

PORTB maps to Arduino digital pins 8 to 13 The two high bits (6 & 7) map to the crystal pins and are not usable

DDRB - The Port B Data Direction Register - read/write

PORTB - The Port B Data Register - read/write

PINB - The Port B Input Pins Register - read only

PORTC maps to Arduino analog pins 0 to 5. Pins 6 & 7 are only accessible on the Arduino Mini

DDRC - The Port C Data Direction Register - read/write

PORTC - The Port C Data Register - read/write

PINC - The Port C Input Pins Register - read only

Let use see how to put these learnings into a useful project!

Project example 1 - PIND

PIN register Port D (PIND)

Connection diagram

TheCode

/**
Arduino Uno PIND register demo
https://wokwi.com/arduino/projects/314168546236039745
Copyright (C) 2021, Uri Shaked.
*/
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);
void setup() {
lcd.init();
lcd.backlight();
lcd.println("PIND value:");
pinMode(0, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(1, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(2, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(3, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(4, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(5, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(6, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(7, INPUT_PULLUP);
}
int value = -1;
void loop() {
if (PIND != value) {
lcd.setCursor(6, 1);
lcd.print(PIND);
lcd.print("   ");
value = PIND;
}
}

Project link

https://wokwi.com/arduino/projects/314168546236039745

Project example 2 - PORTD

PORT register Port D (PIND)

Connection diagram

Project Link:

https://wokwi.com/arduino/projects/314410577104470592

The code

/**
Arduino Uno PIND register demo
https://wokwi.com/arduino/projects/314168546236039745
Copyright (C) 2021, Uri Shaked.
*/
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);
void setup() {
lcd.init();
lcd.backlight();
lcd.println("PORTD");
pinMode(0, OUTPUT);
pinMode(1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(2, OUTPUT);
pinMode(3, OUTPUT);
pinMode(4, OUTPUT);
pinMode(5, OUTPUT);
pinMode(6, OUTPUT);
pinMode(7, OUTPUT);
}
int value = -1;
void loop() {
PORTD  = B10101010;  // sets Arduino pins 1 to 7 as outputs, pin 0 as input
delay(1000);
PORTD  = B01010101;  // sets Arduino pins 1 to 7 as outputs, pin 0 as input
delay(1000);
}

The below article answers the following questions

• How to draw and connect using wires
• How to add a part in the Wokwi Simulator
• How to change wire colours
• How to delete a part on Wokwi
• How to move, rotate parts on the Wokwi Simulator and more

https://www.hackster.io/Hack-star-Arduino/how-to-use-wokwi-arduino-simulator-what-is-wokwi-304e6b

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