DIY Custom Low Cost CNC Machine

This project is a custom designed low cost CNC machine developed as part of my engineering portfolio. I decided to make it after noticing that many affordable desktop CNC machines are limited by a small working area, low mechanical flexibility and minimal upgrade potential. My goal was to design a machine that remains cost effective while offering a larger working envelope, better structural rigidity and room for future expansion.

The machine was first modelled in Fusion 360 to validate the overall design, dimensions and assembly fit before fabrication. After that, I used Fusion 360’s machine builder tool to evaluate axis movement, check for collisions and verify the machining behaviour. The main frame was fabricated using 1-inch steel box sections and the X, Y and custom high travel Z-axis assemblies were then installed and aligned.

For control, I developed an Arduino CNC shield based system with Eagle CAD and used GRBL firmware with modifications for improved motion control. The machine is operated through Universal G-code Sender and has been tested successfully in plotting, engraving and drilling applications. It is especially useful for PCB fabrication and other precision light duty machining tasks.

This project is not only a working CNC machine, but also a demonstration of my skills in mechanical design, CAD modelling, simulation, fabrication, electronics, embedded control and system integration. Future upgrades are planned, including laser engraving, 3D printing capability, a custom controller interface and automatic tool changing.