Windows 8.1 IoT: Windows Remote Arduino and Universal apps

A Windows 8.1 Universal app can be built upon the Remote-Wiring library such that the app can interact with an Arduino device running Firmata. An app similar to the Windows Remote Arduino “Blinky” example, but with feature additions, is developed. It performs GPIO (output AND input) as well as some analog IO. The app runs on a Win 8.1 desktop, phone and RT Surface. The UI has some extra XAML “bells and whistles”.

The Windows Remote Arduino “Blinky” example is at ms-iot.github.io. 

Now available:  Full solution for this tutorial is on Codeplex at :https://iotsampler.codeplex.com/releases/view/615805

[1] Set up the Bluetooth communication with the Arduino device.

USB or Bluetooth can be used for the Firmata communications between the Arduino device and the Windows device. For Windows 10 both can be used, whereas for Windows 8.1 only Bluetooth can be used. Therefore, for this version of the app, that will be used. I used a Sparkfun Bluetooth Mate Gold[1] whereas the Sparkfun Bluetooth Mate Silver was used with the “Blinky” example referenced above. The main difference is the range of the Gold is up to 100m whereas that of the Silver is 10m. The default handshaking settings are also different. These both have a TTL level UART interface that can be used both for configuring the operating mode of the Bluetooth device and for interacting with the Arduino serial port.

Figure 2 Bluetooth Mate Gold Pins, including factory reset

If you need to configure the Bluetooth device, a Sparkfun or Freetronics USB-Serial or Free device can be used to configure the device via a desktop serial terminal. You can also factory reset the device to default settings by connecting the PIO6 (its actually PIO4) pin to high, and toggle three times.

Bluetooth Mate has the same pin out as the Sparkfun FTDI Basic, and so they can be used interchangeably. You cannot directly plug the Bluetooth Mate to an FTDI Basic board (you’ll have to swap TX and RX). That configuration can be used with a desktop serial terminal, with the FTDI device USB connected to the desktop, to configure the Bluetooth device (or to use Bluetooth device for serial communications from the desktop.

The default TTL UART serial settings are:

• · Baud rate 115,200
• · 8 bits
• · No Parity
• · 1 stop bit
• · Hardware flow control enabled (on Mate Silver this is None)
• · Serial Port Profile (SPP): FireFly-WXYZ
  where WXYZ is the last 4 digits of the device's BT MAC Address.
• · Passkey 1234

Note that the device can store up to 8 device parings.

The documentation for the Bluetooth device is at:
http://www.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Wireless/Bluetooth/rn-bluetooth-um.pdf

The Firmata configuration is for a Baud rate of 57600 which needs to be changed or the Bluetooth device configured for that. For this exercise, we will modify the Firmata configuration, which is the easier approach. The Hardware flow of control also can be handled by configuring the Bluetooth device, but for this exercise is handled by connecting RTS to CTS.

Whilst the Bluetooth device can be mounted on a Breadboard and connected to the Arduino device from there, I elected to mount a socket for it on a Prototyping Shield.

A 6 pin Arduino Shield Header was soldered onto the Bluetooth device at the TTL UART pins with the socket facing outwards. The pins were bent 90° downwards so that the device can be plugged vertically into another shield header. The BT socket then can be used to directly connect it to similarly mounted FTDI Basic module if configuration is required. A wire was later soldered to PIO6 (PIO4) on the Bluetooth module, for factory resetting.

Figure 3 Bluetooth Module with shield header at UART pins, and shield headers

An 8 shield header was mounted in the middle of the prototype shield at the bottom. Also add headers at the outside of the shield so that it can plug directly into the Uno.

Figure 4 Arduino Prototype Shield for mounting the Bluetooth module

The Bluetooth module is then inserted facing the GPIO pins, towards the pins 0 and 1 (Rx/Tx)., leaving the yellow location clear. One of those can be used a temporary location for the factory reset wire.

Figure 6 Mounted Bluetooth module on Arduino device

[2] Set up Firmata

Note: The Arduino Uno’s UART Pins 0 and 1 are unavailable when it is being programmed via USB from the Arduino IDE. These same pins are what are connected to the Bluetooth module’s TTL UART interface when it is interfaced for Firmata communications. Therefore, when the Arduino device is to be programmed in this section, the Bluetooth device should not be connected.

2.1 Assuming that you have previously developed for an Arduino (Uno) device, create a new Standard Firmata shield:

2.2 There is one change to be made, the Baud rate. In the IDE, do a search for 57600. Replace it 115200. Save the Sketch, I called it Firmata_115200. Program the Uno and this part is done.

[3] Set up the Universal App Firmata software stack

The software stack consists of three layers:

The Remote-Wiring API implements properties (configuration), methods and event at a conceptually high level for Arduino hardware interaction. For example, GPIO (e.g. Get and Set Pin, On Pin changed etc). It communicates with the Firmata layer using the Firmata protocol. Firmata communicates down the stack via the serial protocol that is implemented as Bluetooth and USB-Serial transport layers in the Serial layer. The USB option isn’t available for Windows 8.1.

This software stack called is available for two sources:

1. https://github.com/ms-iot/windows-remote-arduino-samples
2. https://github.com/ms-iot/remote-wiring/

Both contain Windows 8.1 and Windows 10 versions. Whilst both versions’ Windows 10 versions will build, I have found that the second one’s Windows 8.1 won’t build. I used the Visual Studio 2015 RC version:

• Microsoft Visual Studio Community 2015 RC
• Version 14.0.22823.1 D14REL
• Microsoft .NET Framework
• Version 4.6.00076

3.1 Download the first version. To do so properly, you need to clone the repository (don’t download the zip):

• Install git or GitHub
• In the git shell or GitHub Desktop Shell (it’s Powershell), enter the following from a suitable directory:
  

  git clone --recursive https://github.com/ms-iot/windows-remote-arduino-samples.git

  
  

  The directory structure of what you get is:

• windows-remote-arduino-samples
   o remote-wiring
         Microsoft.Maker.win8_1
         Microsoft.Maker.win10
         source
   o win8_1
   o win10

The latter two folders (win8_1 and win10) are just example apps (including the “blinky” example) which we will ignore for now. Both Maker versions make use of the same sources folder so for Windows 8.1 we need just:

• windows-remote-arduino-samples
   o remote-wiring
         Microsoft.Maker.win8_1
         source code>

to a suitable folder. I suggest one at the root of the drive, say, c:\wras as I have found that you can get some errors with an ARM build to do with path names being too long. You might want to also copy the .md files for reference. These can be opened in VS.

3.2 Open the solution file in Microsoft.Maker.win8_1

3.3 Set the target to Win32 build the solution.

Six builds are done. One for the Desktop and one for Windows Phone for each of the three layers in the software stack. Note both versions in each layer have a common Shared subproject. Code that is common to both versions can be placed here. This is a useful way to implement event handlers for both versions once as common code. The XAML code is still specific to each target though .. Windows 10 takes this one step further with UWP.

3.4 Do same for the ARM configuration. If you have an x64 machine, then you might like to try that build as well.

[4] Create the HW LED Universal app

For this initial version of the app/s, a software button will turn a hardware LED on and another will turn it off. The LED will be connected to GPIO pin 5.

The “Blinky” documentation says that there are a number of ways to get and use these libraries. Ultimately Nuget will be the way but that is not yet available. You can reference these built versions in a general manner on your development system, The easiest way is to just add the required Universal app to the solution and reference them. We will use that method.

4.1 Add a new C# Windows 8.1 Blank Universal app to the solution. (Need to have installed the Windows 8.1 templates when installing VS):

Give it a suitable name. I called mine wrau: Windows Remote Arduino Universal app
Note that there are two projects (one for  the desktop and one for the phone), plus a shared subproject.

The Serial and Bluetooth capabilities are needed in the package manifest:

4.2 Open the package.appmanifest in the text editor (not its GUI) by View Code. The Internet Client capability is included at the bottom. Modify this section to:

package.appmanifest Capability

  <Capabilities>    <Capability Name="internetClientServer" />    <m2:DeviceCapability Name="bluetooth.rfcomm">      <m2:Device Id="any">        <m2:Function Type="name:serialPort"/>      </m2:Device>    </m2:DeviceCapability>  </Capabilities></Package>

and save it. Do this for both the desktop and phone UA projects.

A reference to each of the relevant software layers is required:

4.3 Add references Firmata, RemoteWiring and Serial for the desktop UA:

4.4 Similarly add a references for the phone UA:

4.5 Modify both UA’s Grid XAML to:

MainPage.xaml: UI

<Grid Background="{ThemeResource ApplicationPageBackgroundThemeBrush}">     <Grid.RowDefinitions>        <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>        <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>    </Grid.RowDefinitions>    <Button Name="OffButton" Click="OffButton_Click" Grid.Row="0" IsEnabled="False" HorizontalAlignment="Stretch" Foreground="White" Background="Green" FontSize="32">Off!</Button>    <Button Name="OnButton" Click="OnButton_Click" Grid.Row="1" IsEnabled="False" HorizontalAlignment="Stretch" Foreground="White" Background="Red" FontSize="32">On!</Button></Grid>

4.6 As mentioned previously, we will use common code for the two Universal apps. To the Shared project, add a class file (.cs) and call it MainPage.cs. Deelete its contents

4.7 Copy the contents of MainPage,cs file from the desktop UA to this file then delete both MainPage.cs files (not MainPage.xaml though) from both of UA projects. Test build both apps.

All cs code will refer to MainPage.cs in the Shared UA subproject.

4.8 In the MainPage class add the following declarations at the top of the class:

MainPage.cs Declarations

//Usb is not supported on Win8.1. To see the USB connection steps, refer to the win10 solution instead.BluetoothSerial bluetooth;RemoteDevice arduino; // The pins used. Note: Actual pinn numbers.private const int LED_PIN = 5;

4.9 in the MainPage constructor, after InitializeComponent() add:

In MainPage() the constructor

bluetooth = new BluetoothSerial("FireFly-748B");arduino = new RemoteDevice(bluetooth);bluetooth.ConnectionEstablished += OnConnectionEstablished;

Replace FireFly-748B with your SPP.

4.10 Implement OnConnectionEstablished by add the following method to the class:

Add OnConnectionEstablished()

private void OnConnectionEstablished(){    //enable the buttons on the UI thread!    var action = Dispatcher.RunAsync(Windows.UI.Core.CoreDispatcherPriority.Normal, new Windows.UI.Core.DispatchedHandler(() => {        this.OnButton.IsEnabled = true;        this. OffButton.IsEnabled = true;         arduino.pinMode(LED_PIN, PinMode.OUTPUT);    }));}

4.11 And finally add the event handlers for the buttons to the class:

Add Button Event Handlers

private void OnButton_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e){    //turn the LED connected to pin 5 ON    arduino.digitalWrite(5, PinState.HIGH);} private void OffButton_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e){    //turn the LED connected to pin 5 OFF    arduino.digitalWrite(5, PinState.LOW);}

4.12 Test build both Universal Apps.

[5] Deploying and testing the Universal apps.

In this section we will wire up the hardware LED to the Arduino device and run the app on the desktop, an RT Surface (ie ARM) and a Windows Phone 8.1

Test on your desktop

5.1 Set the Desktop app as the Startup Project

5.2 Set the target to Win32, Windows 8.1 and Local Machine. Rebuild the desktop UA.

5.3 Connect the Arduino Pin 5 to a hardware LED. Provide GND, VCC and a suitable resistor in series.

As mentioned in a previous blog with respect to Windows 10 IoT Raspberry PI 2 GPIO I use a development board for implementing my testing IO such as LEDs, switches etc. If you do not have a similar board you might like to use the “Blinky” hardware configuration but you will need to reverse the polarity of pin setting in button handlers.

5.4 Power up the Arduino device and pair up the Bluetooth module with your desktop (Passkey=1234). .. I’ll assume you know how to do this.

5.5. Run the app.

5.6 It will probably ask you whether it’s OK for the app to connect to the Bluetooth device .. OK

5.7 Test the functionality of the app. Set a breakpoint in the button handler/s and check that you can debug.

5.8 Repeat 4.1 to 4.6 for x64 if you have a 64 bit desktop.

5.9 Turn off Bluetooth on your desktop

Now to test your Windows 8.1 Phone, assuming the phone is configured for development.

5.10 Turn on your phone, go to Settings/Bluetooth and turn it on. Pair with the Bluetooth module (Passkey = 1234).

5.11 Set the Phone UA as the Startup Project

5.12 Set the Target to ARM, Windows Phone 8.1, Device and rebuild

5.11 Connect up the phone via USB Serial to the desktop and deploy the app.

5.12 Test run the app and check the functionality. You are now “wireless” .. Cool J
Set a breakpoint in the button handler/s and check that you can debug.

Now to test the RT Surface if you have one (I’m testing on an RT Surface 2).

5.13 You need to download and install the Visual Studio 2015 Remote Debugger ARM version on the Surface. This needs to be the Visual Studio 2015 version, the 2013 version won’t work. Do so. Configure it t0 use No Authentication and allow debugging

Although installation sets up suitable Firewall rules, I normally turn off the Firewall for development, on the target. >
5.14 Determine the IP address of the Surface.

5.15 Set the Target to ARM, Windows 8.1 (Not phone) and Remote Machine. The following dialog will appear..If not then go to the project Properties-Debug tab. Enter the IP address of the target and set no authentication.

5.16 Rebuild the desktop UA

5.17 Deploy and test the app on the Surface.

[6] “Pretty up” the UI

The following will pretty up the UI and add Bluetooth Connect and Disconnect buttons.

6.1 Modify the UI GRID XAML code to (PS: Note change to previous buttons grid rows):

Add two Buttons &

<Grid Background="{ThemeResource ApplicationPageBackgroundThemeBrush}">
    <Grid.RowDefinitions>
        <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
        <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
        <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
        <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
        <RowDefinition Height="32"/>
        <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
    </Grid.RowDefinitions>
    <Button Name="ConnectButton" Click="ConnectButton_Click" Grid.Row="0" IsEnabled="True" HorizontalAlignment="Stretch" BorderBrush="Lime" Foreground="Lime" FontSize="32">Connect</Button>
    <Button Name="OffButton" Click="OffButton_Click" Grid.Row="1" IsEnabled="False" HorizontalAlignment="Stretch" Foreground="White" Background="Green" FontSize="32">Off!</Button>
    <Button Name="OnButton" Click="OnButton_Click" Grid.Row="2" IsEnabled="False" HorizontalAlignment="Stretch" Foreground="White" Background="Red" FontSize="32">On!</Button>
    <Button Name="DisconnectButton" Click="DisconnectButton_Click" Grid.Row="3" IsEnabled="False" HorizontalAlignment="Stretch" Foreground="Red" BorderBrush="Red" FontSize="32">Disconnect</Button>
    <ProgressRing x:Name="progress1" Grid.Row="5" Height="50" Visibility="Visible"/>
</Grid>

The UI has larger buttons and is more colorful providing better usability. I arrived at this after user testing it with my 4 year old granddaughter!.

The ProgressRing is visible and circulates whilst the app is connecting.

6.2 Insert at the bottom of OnConnectionEstablished() :

In OnConnectionEstablished()

//BT is connected so turn off progress ringthis.progress1.IsActive = false;this.progress1.Visibility = Visibility.Collapsed;

6.3 Add the following handlers for the Connect and DisConnect buttons:

Add new button's eventhandlers

private void ConnectButton_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e){    //these parameters don't matter for bluetooth- Arduino Firmata, except  SerialConfig.SERIAL_8N1    bluetooth.begin(115200, SerialConfig.SERIAL_8N1);    this.ConnectButton.IsEnabled = false;     //Connecting BT so show progress ring    this.progress1.IsActive = true;    this.progress1.Visibility = Visibility.Visible;} private void DisconnectButton_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e){    bluetooth.end();    this.OnButton.IsEnabled = false;    this.OffButton.IsEnabled = false;    this.ConnectButton.IsEnabled = true;    this.DisconnectButton.IsEnabled = false;}

6.4 Comment out or remove the following line from MainPageConstructor as its now in the Connect button handler:

bluetooth.begin(115200, SerialConfig.SERIAL_8N1);

6.5 Add the following state management to the OnButton handler

In OnButton_Cllick()

this.OffButton.IsEnabled = true;this.OnButton.IsEnabled = false;

6.6 And the following to the OffButton handler:

In OffButton_Click

this.OffButton.IsEnabled = false;this.OnButton.IsEnabled = true;

6.7 Deploy and test the app on all three (4) targets as in section 5

[7] Add a Pushbutton input

In this extension to the Windows 8.1 Universal apps, a pushbutton GPIO input, at Arduino Pin 5, is facilitated and its state is displayed in the UI. The input will initially be sensed by periodically reading the value.
The functionality will then be improved by implementing a handler for the DigitalPinChanged event

7.1 Modify the Grid control in the UI XAML code for both UA as follows:

Add a textbox to UI

<Grid Background="{ThemeResource ApplicationPageBackgroundThemeBrush}">     <Grid.RowDefinitions>        <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>        <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>        <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>        <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>        <RowDefinition Height="32"/>        <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>        <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>    </Grid.RowDefinitions>    <Button Name="ConnectButton" Click="ConnectButton_Click" Grid.Row="0" IsEnabled="True" HorizontalAlignment="Stretch" BorderBrush="Lime" Foreground="Lime" FontSize="32">Connect</Button>    <Button Name="OffButton" Click="OffButton_Click" Grid.Row="1" IsEnabled="False" HorizontalAlignment="Stretch" Foreground="White" Background="Green" FontSize="32">Off!</Button>    <Button Name="OnButton" Click="OnButton_Click" Grid.Row="2" IsEnabled="False" HorizontalAlignment="Stretch" Foreground="White" Background="Red" FontSize="32">On!</Button>    <Button Name="DisconnectButton" Click="DisconnectButton_Click" Grid.Row="3" IsEnabled="False" HorizontalAlignment="Stretch" Foreground="Red" BorderBrush="Red" FontSize="32">Disconnect</Button>    <ProgressRing x:Name="progress1" Grid.Row="5" Height="50" Visibility="Visible"/>    <TextBox Name="TxtPin6" Visibility="Visible" Grid.Row="6" Text="Pushbutton: HIGH"></TextBox></Grid>

7.2 In the MainPage class specify the the input pin:

- In declarations at the top of the class add the input pin:

In MainPage Declarations

private const int PB_PIN = 6;

- In the OnConnectionEstablished handler set it to input::

In OnConnectionEstablished

arduino.pinMode(PB_PIN, PinMode.INPUT);

7.3, Add a timer to poll the input as follows:

- In declarations at the top of the class:

In MainPage Declarations

// In Poll mode timer ticks sample the inputsprivate DispatcherTimer pbPolltimer;

- In the constructor set the timer:

In MainPage()

this.pbPolltimer = new DispatcherTimer();this.pbPolltimer.Interval = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(250);this.pbPolltimer.Tick += PBTimer_Tick;this.pbPolltimer.Stop();

- Add its timer tick event handler

Add Poll Timer Tick handler

PinState pbPinValue = PinState.LOW; private void PBTimer_Tick(object sender, object e){    PinState pbPinValueTemp = arduino.digitalRead(6);    Pushbutton_Pressed(pbPinValueTemp);}

- Implement PushButton_Pressed():

Add PushButton_Pressed()

private void Pushbutton_Pressed(PinState pbPinValueTemp){    if (pbPinValue != pbPinValueTemp)    {        //Write value if changed        TxtPin6.Text = "Pushbutton: " + pbPinValueTemp.ToString();        pbPinValue = pbPinValueTemp;    }}

7.4 We need a pushbutton switch. Thankfully my development board provides these so I just use that. If you don’t have such a beast, then implement the circuit opposite.

With the Win 10 IoT Raspberry PI 2 (RPI2), it has been reported that there are some bugs with how often the digital inputs are registered, which will be fixed in the RTM for Win 10 IoT.

Debouncing can be improved for this situation in hardware by:

- Put a small capacitor across the switch to add some hardware debouncing as an RC delay.

- Also add a Schmidt trigger to this circuit.

With the RPI2 there is an option to add debouncing through software configuration.

7.5 Build, deploy and test the app on the targets as previous

Let’s add a software simulated LED to the UI to display the state of the switch.

7.6 Add the following to the UI in the grid XAMLcode in both Universal apps:

- Add another Row Definition (at bottom )::            

<RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>

- Add the following ellipse control to that row:

Add an ellipse to the UI

<Ellipse x:Name="PBStatusLED" Fill="#FF96969B" Grid.Row="7" Stroke="Black" Width="64" IsRightTapEnabled="False" IsTapEnabled="True" IsDoubleTapEnabled="False" Height="64" VerticalAlignment="Top" HorizontalAlignment="Center" />

7.7 Add two color brush definitions to the MainPage class declarations at the top:

Add colors in the Declarations

// Colors for ellipse when hardware pushbutton is pressed/not pressedprivate SolidColorBrush redBrush = new SolidColorBrush(Windows.UI.Colors.Red); private SolidColorBrush grayBrush = new SolidColorBrush(Windows.UI.Colors.LightGray);

7.8 Implement the LED’s manipulation with these colors as follows:

- In the class constructor set its initial color:

In the constructor

//Start with off color for ellipsethis.PBStatusLED.Fill = grayBrush;

- In PushButtonPressed() set its color depending upon the button’s state:

Add to Pushbutton_Pressed()

switch (pbPinValue){    case PinState.HIGH:        this.PBStatusLED.Fill = redBrush;        break;    case PinState.LOW:        this.PBStatusLED.Fill = grayBrush;        break;}

7.9 Build, deploy and test the apps on the targets ..Wala!

Now to improve this code using the digital event.

7.10 Comment out all code to do with the timer, but leave the PushButtonPressed() function; hence the reason for separate to the timer tick event handler.

7.11 Add the event delegate specification to the OnConnectionEstablished() event handler within the action

Add to OnConnectionEstablished

arduino.AnalogPinUpdatedEvent += Arduino_AnalogPinUpdated;

We could try to implement the event handler as follows:

Invalid DigitalPinUpdated

private async void Arduino_DigitalPinUpdated(byte pin, PinState pinValue){    if (pin == PB_PIN)    {        Pushbutton_Pressed(pinValue);    }}

But this fail as the event runs in a thread separate to the main UI thread. This is the same issue as in .NET Windows Forms if (InvokeRequired) scenario.

7.12 Implement the event handler as follows

Add DigitalPinUpdated

private async void Arduino_DigitalPinUpdated(byte pin, PinState pinValue){     await Dispatcher.RunAsync(Windows.UI.Core.CoreDispatcherPriority.Normal, () =>    {        if (pin == PB_PIN)        {            Pushbutton_Pressed(pinValue);        }     });}

7.13 Build, deploy and test the apps on the targets. Wala

[8] Add an Analog Input

This extension to the app functionality adds a progress bar to the UA UI to display the level of a potentiometer in the hardware.
The analog input is via A0, pin 14.

Again my development board provides a potentiometer for this purpose but if you don’t have such you need to implement this circuit:

The analog input pins are pins 14 (A0) to pin 19 (A5).

You set a pin in analog mode in OnConnectionEstablished() as per: >// Note: Need actual pin number, not analog index:
arduino.pinMode(ANALOG_PIN, PinMode.ANALOG);

The comment above is quite pertinent. The event handler signature provides the analog pin index (0 to 5) not the pin number.

You read the pin value as per: >//Note: Analog Read Pin number IS the analog index
int PinValue = arduino.analogRead(ANALOG_PIN-14);

Analog values range from 0 to 1024. (10 bit)

The event handler delegate is wired up in OnConnectionEstablished() as per:
arduino.DigitalPinUpdatedEvent += Arduino_DigitalPinUpdated;

8.0 Re-enable the Poll timer and disable the Pushbutton event in the MainPage class

8.1 In the grid control in the UI XAML code add another row to the grid as previous and add a ProgressBar:

Add a ProgressBar to the UI

<ProgressBar x:Name="analogBar" Value="0" Margin="10" Maximum="255" Height="32" IsIndeterminate="False" Grid.Row="8" Foreground="Green"/>

8.2 Add the Analog pin code as follows.

- Declare the pin at the top of MainPage class:

Add the Analog Pin

private const int ANALOG_PIN = 14;

- Set its mode to analog in OnConnectionEstablished() as above

- Add the following to the timer tick event:

Add to Timer Tick Handler

//Note: Analog Read Pin number is the analog indexint PinValue = arduino.analogRead(ANALOG_PIN-14);this.analogBar.Value = PinValue;

8.3 Build, deploy and test the app on the targets. Vary the potentiometer position and observe the ProgressBar changes.

Now for the event driven version

8.4 Again comment out the Poll Timer code.

8.5 Add the analog event handler delegate specification to OnConnectionEstablished():

Set Analog Pin Mode

// Note: Need actual pin number, not analog ibndex:arduino.pinMode(ANALOG_PIN, PinMode.ANALOG);

8.6 Add the Arduino_DigitalPinUpdated event handler method:

Add AnalogPinUpdated

private async void Arduino_AnalogPinUpdated(byte pin, ushort PinValue){    //Note: Pin number is the analog index    if (pin == ANALOG_PIN -14)    {        await Dispatcher.RunAsync(Windows.UI.Core.CoreDispatcherPriority.Normal, () =>        {            this.analogBar.Value = PinValue;        });    }}

Note that the UI update has again to be done asynchronously.

8.7  Build, deploy and test the app on the targets.  

[9] Add a PWM output

It is left to reader to implement analog output as PWM, to drive a LED (dimmed via a slider).

• PWM pins:
  3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11 >
• To set a pin as PWM:
  arduino.pinMode(PWM_PIN,PinMode.PWM) >
• To set a PWM level
  arduino.analogWrite(byte, ushort) >
• analogWrite values are from 0 to 255 (the ushort parameter)

I might provide a solution to this at a later stage.

[1] I actually used a retired earlier version of the Bluetooth module, but functionality seems to be the same.