Victor AltamiranoEdOliver
Published © MIT

The Ultimate IBM Watson IoT Platform Guide

Here I present you the best guide for using IBM Watson IoT Platform and how to develop WEB applications with IoT devices.

IntermediateFull instructions provided2 hours2,157
The Ultimate IBM Watson IoT Platform Guide

Things used in this project

Hardware components

ESP8266 ESP-01
Espressif ESP8266 ESP-01
×1

Software apps and online services

Arduino IDE
Arduino IDE
XAMPP
Watson
IBM Watson

Story

Read more

Schematics

Serial connection

How to program an esp8266 using a usb-serial device

Code

index.html

HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Example Page</title>
<script src="js/mqttws31.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script>
// Create a client instance
var org = "YOUR_ORG"; // Your Organization ID
var apl= "YOUR_MODIFIED_APIKEY" // PUTT YOUR API KEY AND REPLACE THE "-" WITH ":"
// For this example, the topic should already work, but remember to change the
// Device ID and the Type for what you put your devices on the platform.
// "iot-2/type/DeviceType/id/DeviceID/evt/status/fmt/json"
var topic = "iot-2/type/ESP8266/id/Test001/evt/status/fmt/json"
client = new Paho.MQTT.Client(org+".messaging.internetofthings.ibmcloud.com", 8883, apl);
// set callback handlers
client.onConnectionLost = onConnectionLost;
client.onMessageArrived = onMessageArrived;
var options = {
  useSSL: true,
  userName: "YOUR_APIKEY", // Put Here your API KEY
  password: "YOUR_TOKEN",  // Put Here your Authentication Token
  onSuccess:onConnect,
  onFailure:doFail
}
// connect the client
client.connect(options);
// called when the client connects
function onConnect() {
  // Once a connection has been made, make a subscription and send a message.
  console.log("onConnect");
  // For this example, the topic should already work, but remember to change the
  // Device ID and the Type for what you put your devices on the platform.
  // "iot-2/type/DeviceType/id/DeviceID/evt/status/fmt/json"
  client.subscribe(topic);
}
function doFail(e){
  console.log(e);
}
// called when the client loses its connection
function onConnectionLost(responseObject) {
  if (responseObject.errorCode !== 0) {
    console.log("onConnectionLost:"+responseObject.errorMessage);
  }
}
// called when a message arrives
function onMessageArrived(message)
{
    var mensaje = message.payloadString;
    messag = new Paho.MQTT.Message(mensaje);
    messag.destinationName = "iot-2/type/ESP8266/id/Test001/cmd/status/fmt/json";
    client.send(messag);
    console.log(mensaje);
    var payload = mensaje.substring(0, 12);
    doFunction(payload);
    payload="";
}
function doFunction(variable)
{
  alert(variable); // Each piece of information that arrives in our app will be shown in an alert. 
}
</script>

</head>
<body>

Hello IBM.

</body>

</html>

IBM_General_Template.ino

Arduino
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <WiFiClient.h> 
#include <PubSubClient.h>

//-------- Modify these values -----------
const char* ssid = "YOUR_SSID";      // The name of your Internet BTW
const char* password = "YOUR_PASS";  // Your pass 

#define ORG "YOUR_ORGANIZATION_ID" // This information is in the previous image
#define DEVICE_ID "Test001"        //  Only for this Example 
#define DEVICE_TYPE "ESP8266"      // your device type 
#define TOKEN "YOUR_TOKEN"         // your device token

//-------- Modify these values --------

char server[] = ORG ".messaging.internetofthings.ibmcloud.com";
char TopicSub[] = "iot-2/cmd/status/fmt/json";
char TopicPub[] = "iot-2/evt/status/fmt/json"; 
// This is the topic that needs to be put in order for data to be sent and recieve in the platform, NOT MODIFY.
char authMethod[] = "use-token-auth";
char token[] = TOKEN;
char clientId[] = "d:" ORG ":" DEVICE_TYPE ":" DEVICE_ID;
unsigned int Delay = 30;    // This time is what the device will take to send data
unsigned int i=(Delay*100);

WiFiClientSecure wifiClient;
PubSubClient client(server, 8883, wifiClient); //Never modify the 8883 as it is a safe port for sending data


void callback(char* topic, byte* payload, unsigned int length) 
{
  String data="";
  for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) 
  {
    data+=char(payload[i]);
  }
  Serial.println("Received Data:" + data); // In this case we print the data recive from the website.
}

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200); Serial.println();
  Serial.print("Connecting to "); Serial.print(ssid);
  if (strcmp (WiFi.SSID().c_str(), ssid) != 0) {
     WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
  }
  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
     delay(500);
     Serial.print(".");
  }  
  Serial.println("");
  Serial.print("WiFi connected, IP address: "); Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
  client.setCallback(callback); // Here we "connect"the callback function to subscribe data receive
}

void loop() {
  client.loop();
   
   // Do not modify the delay of 500 ms since it depends on the correct connection.
   if (!!!client.connected()) 
   {
     Serial.print("Reconnecting client to "); Serial.println(server);
     while ( !client.connect(clientId, authMethod, token)) 
     {
        Serial.print(".");
        delay(500);
     }
     Serial.println();
     client.subscribe(TopicSub);  // This is for callback
   }

  if(i>=(Delay*100)) 
  {
    String payload ="Hello IBM"; // Data sent, you can also send a json if you want.
    Serial.print("Sending payload: "); Serial.println(payload);
      
    if (client.publish(TopicPub, (char*) payload.c_str())) 
    {
      Serial.println("Publish ok");
    } 
    else 
    {
      Serial.println("Publish failed");
    }
    i=0;
  }
  else
  {
    i++;
    delay(10);
  }
}

mqttws31.js

JavaScript
It is necessary that inside the folder where index.html is saved, there is a folder called "js" and this file is saved inside this folder. (The simplest thing is to download the GITHUB files)
/*******************************************************************************
 * Copyright (c) 2013 IBM Corp.
 *
 * All rights reserved. This program and the accompanying materials
 * are made available under the terms of the Eclipse Public License v1.0
 * and Eclipse Distribution License v1.0 which accompany this distribution. 
 *
 * The Eclipse Public License is available at 
 *    http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-v10.html
 * and the Eclipse Distribution License is available at 
 *   http://www.eclipse.org/org/documents/edl-v10.php.
 *
 * Contributors:
 *    Andrew Banks - initial API and implementation and initial documentation
 *******************************************************************************/


// Only expose a single object name in the global namespace.
// Everything must go through this module. Global Paho.MQTT module
// only has a single public function, client, which returns
// a Paho.MQTT client object given connection details.
 
/**
 * Send and receive messages using web browsers.
 * <p> 
 * This programming interface lets a JavaScript client application use the MQTT V3.1 or
 * V3.1.1 protocol to connect to an MQTT-supporting messaging server.
 *  
 * The function supported includes:
 * <ol>
 * <li>Connecting to and disconnecting from a server. The server is identified by its host name and port number. 
 * <li>Specifying options that relate to the communications link with the server, 
 * for example the frequency of keep-alive heartbeats, and whether SSL/TLS is required.
 * <li>Subscribing to and receiving messages from MQTT Topics.
 * <li>Publishing messages to MQTT Topics.
 * </ol>
 * <p>
 * The API consists of two main objects:
 * <dl>
 * <dt><b>{@link Paho.MQTT.Client}</b></dt>
 * <dd>This contains methods that provide the functionality of the API,
 * including provision of callbacks that notify the application when a message
 * arrives from or is delivered to the messaging server,
 * or when the status of its connection to the messaging server changes.</dd>
 * <dt><b>{@link Paho.MQTT.Message}</b></dt>
 * <dd>This encapsulates the payload of the message along with various attributes
 * associated with its delivery, in particular the destination to which it has
 * been (or is about to be) sent.</dd>
 * </dl> 
 * <p>
 * The programming interface validates parameters passed to it, and will throw
 * an Error containing an error message intended for developer use, if it detects
 * an error with any parameter.
 * <p>
 * Example:
 * 
 * <code><pre>
client = new Paho.MQTT.Client(location.hostname, Number(location.port), "clientId");
client.onConnectionLost = onConnectionLost;
client.onMessageArrived = onMessageArrived;
client.connect({onSuccess:onConnect});

function onConnect() {
  // Once a connection has been made, make a subscription and send a message.
  console.log("onConnect");
  client.subscribe("/World");
  message = new Paho.MQTT.Message("Hello");
  message.destinationName = "/World";
  client.send(message); 
};
function onConnectionLost(responseObject) {
  if (responseObject.errorCode !== 0)
	console.log("onConnectionLost:"+responseObject.errorMessage);
};
function onMessageArrived(message) {
  console.log("onMessageArrived:"+message.payloadString);
  client.disconnect(); 
};	
 * </pre></code>
 * @namespace Paho.MQTT 
 */

if (typeof Paho === "undefined") {
	Paho = {};
}

Paho.MQTT = (function (global) {

	// Private variables below, these are only visible inside the function closure
	// which is used to define the module. 

	var version = "@VERSION@";
	var buildLevel = "@BUILDLEVEL@";
	
	/** 
	 * Unique message type identifiers, with associated
	 * associated integer values.
	 * @private 
	 */
	var MESSAGE_TYPE = {
		CONNECT: 1, 
		CONNACK: 2, 
		PUBLISH: 3,
		PUBACK: 4,
		PUBREC: 5, 
		PUBREL: 6,
		PUBCOMP: 7,
		SUBSCRIBE: 8,
		SUBACK: 9,
		UNSUBSCRIBE: 10,
		UNSUBACK: 11,
		PINGREQ: 12,
		PINGRESP: 13,
		DISCONNECT: 14
	};
	
	// Collection of utility methods used to simplify module code 
	// and promote the DRY pattern.  

	/**
	 * Validate an object's parameter names to ensure they 
	 * match a list of expected variables name for this option
	 * type. Used to ensure option object passed into the API don't
	 * contain erroneous parameters.
	 * @param {Object} obj - User options object
	 * @param {Object} keys - valid keys and types that may exist in obj. 
	 * @throws {Error} Invalid option parameter found. 
	 * @private 
	 */
	var validate = function(obj, keys) {
		for (var key in obj) {
			if (obj.hasOwnProperty(key)) {       		
				if (keys.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
					if (typeof obj[key] !== keys[key])
					   throw new Error(format(ERROR.INVALID_TYPE, [typeof obj[key], key]));
				} else {	
					var errorStr = "Unknown property, " + key + ". Valid properties are:";
					for (var key in keys)
						if (keys.hasOwnProperty(key))
							errorStr = errorStr+" "+key;
					throw new Error(errorStr);
				}
			}
		}
	};

	/**
	 * Return a new function which runs the user function bound
	 * to a fixed scope. 
	 * @param {function} User function
	 * @param {object} Function scope  
	 * @return {function} User function bound to another scope
	 * @private 
	 */
	var scope = function (f, scope) {
		return function () {
			return f.apply(scope, arguments);
		};
	};
	
	/** 
	 * Unique message type identifiers, with associated
	 * associated integer values.
	 * @private 
	 */
	var ERROR = {
		OK: {code:0, text:"AMQJSC0000I OK."},
		CONNECT_TIMEOUT: {code:1, text:"AMQJSC0001E Connect timed out."},
		SUBSCRIBE_TIMEOUT: {code:2, text:"AMQJS0002E Subscribe timed out."}, 
		UNSUBSCRIBE_TIMEOUT: {code:3, text:"AMQJS0003E Unsubscribe timed out."},
		PING_TIMEOUT: {code:4, text:"AMQJS0004E Ping timed out."},
		INTERNAL_ERROR: {code:5, text:"AMQJS0005E Internal error. Error Message: {0}, Stack trace: {1}"},
		CONNACK_RETURNCODE: {code:6, text:"AMQJS0006E Bad Connack return code:{0} {1}."},
		SOCKET_ERROR: {code:7, text:"AMQJS0007E Socket error:{0}."},
		SOCKET_CLOSE: {code:8, text:"AMQJS0008I Socket closed."},
		MALFORMED_UTF: {code:9, text:"AMQJS0009E Malformed UTF data:{0} {1} {2}."},
		UNSUPPORTED: {code:10, text:"AMQJS0010E {0} is not supported by this browser."},
		INVALID_STATE: {code:11, text:"AMQJS0011E Invalid state {0}."},
		INVALID_TYPE: {code:12, text:"AMQJS0012E Invalid type {0} for {1}."},
		INVALID_ARGUMENT: {code:13, text:"AMQJS0013E Invalid argument {0} for {1}."},
		UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION: {code:14, text:"AMQJS0014E Unsupported operation."},
		INVALID_STORED_DATA: {code:15, text:"AMQJS0015E Invalid data in local storage key={0} value={1}."},
		INVALID_MQTT_MESSAGE_TYPE: {code:16, text:"AMQJS0016E Invalid MQTT message type {0}."},
		MALFORMED_UNICODE: {code:17, text:"AMQJS0017E Malformed Unicode string:{0} {1}."},
	};
	
	/** CONNACK RC Meaning. */
	var CONNACK_RC = {
		0:"Connection Accepted",
		1:"Connection Refused: unacceptable protocol version",
		2:"Connection Refused: identifier rejected",
		3:"Connection Refused: server unavailable",
		4:"Connection Refused: bad user name or password",
		5:"Connection Refused: not authorized"
	};

	/**
	 * Format an error message text.
	 * @private
	 * @param {error} ERROR.KEY value above.
	 * @param {substitutions} [array] substituted into the text.
	 * @return the text with the substitutions made.
	 */
	var format = function(error, substitutions) {
		var text = error.text;
		if (substitutions) {
		  var field,start;
		  for (var i=0; i<substitutions.length; i++) {
			field = "{"+i+"}";
			start = text.indexOf(field);
			if(start > 0) {
				var part1 = text.substring(0,start);
				var part2 = text.substring(start+field.length);
				text = part1+substitutions[i]+part2;
			}
		  }
		}
		return text;
	};
	
	//MQTT protocol and version          6    M    Q    I    s    d    p    3
	var MqttProtoIdentifierv3 = [0x00,0x06,0x4d,0x51,0x49,0x73,0x64,0x70,0x03];
	//MQTT proto/version for 311         4    M    Q    T    T    4
	var MqttProtoIdentifierv4 = [0x00,0x04,0x4d,0x51,0x54,0x54,0x04];
	
	/**
	 * Construct an MQTT wire protocol message.
	 * @param type MQTT packet type.
	 * @param options optional wire message attributes.
	 * 
	 * Optional properties
	 * 
	 * messageIdentifier: message ID in the range [0..65535]
	 * payloadMessage:	Application Message - PUBLISH only
	 * connectStrings:	array of 0 or more Strings to be put into the CONNECT payload
	 * topics:			array of strings (SUBSCRIBE, UNSUBSCRIBE)
	 * requestQoS:		array of QoS values [0..2]
	 *  
	 * "Flag" properties 
	 * cleanSession:	true if present / false if absent (CONNECT)
	 * willMessage:  	true if present / false if absent (CONNECT)
	 * isRetained:		true if present / false if absent (CONNECT)
	 * userName:		true if present / false if absent (CONNECT)
	 * password:		true if present / false if absent (CONNECT)
	 * keepAliveInterval:	integer [0..65535]  (CONNECT)
	 *
	 * @private
	 * @ignore
	 */
	var WireMessage = function (type, options) { 	
		this.type = type;
		for (var name in options) {
			if (options.hasOwnProperty(name)) {
				this[name] = options[name];
			}
		}
	};
	
	WireMessage.prototype.encode = function() {
		// Compute the first byte of the fixed header
		var first = ((this.type & 0x0f) << 4);
		
		/*
		 * Now calculate the length of the variable header + payload by adding up the lengths
		 * of all the component parts
		 */

		var remLength = 0;
		var topicStrLength = new Array();
		var destinationNameLength = 0;
		
		// if the message contains a messageIdentifier then we need two bytes for that
		if (this.messageIdentifier != undefined)
			remLength += 2;

		switch(this.type) {
			// If this a Connect then we need to include 12 bytes for its header
			case MESSAGE_TYPE.CONNECT:
				switch(this.mqttVersion) {
					case 3:
						remLength += MqttProtoIdentifierv3.length + 3;
						break;
					case 4:
						remLength += MqttProtoIdentifierv4.length + 3;
						break;
				}

				remLength += UTF8Length(this.clientId) + 2;
				if (this.willMessage != undefined) {
					remLength += UTF8Length(this.willMessage.destinationName) + 2;
					// Will message is always a string, sent as UTF-8 characters with a preceding length.
					var willMessagePayloadBytes = this.willMessage.payloadBytes;
					if (!(willMessagePayloadBytes instanceof Uint8Array))
						willMessagePayloadBytes = new Uint8Array(payloadBytes);
					remLength += willMessagePayloadBytes.byteLength +2;
				}
				if (this.userName != undefined)
					remLength += UTF8Length(this.userName) + 2;	
				if (this.password != undefined)
					remLength += UTF8Length(this.password) + 2;
			break;

			// Subscribe, Unsubscribe can both contain topic strings
			case MESSAGE_TYPE.SUBSCRIBE:	        	
				first |= 0x02; // Qos = 1;
				for ( var i = 0; i < this.topics.length; i++) {
					topicStrLength[i] = UTF8Length(this.topics[i]);
					remLength += topicStrLength[i] + 2;
				}
				remLength += this.requestedQos.length; // 1 byte for each topic's Qos
				// QoS on Subscribe only
				break;

			case MESSAGE_TYPE.UNSUBSCRIBE:
				first |= 0x02; // Qos = 1;
				for ( var i = 0; i < this.topics.length; i++) {
					topicStrLength[i] = UTF8Length(this.topics[i]);
					remLength += topicStrLength[i] + 2;
				}
				break;

			case MESSAGE_TYPE.PUBREL:
				first |= 0x02; // Qos = 1;
				break;

			case MESSAGE_TYPE.PUBLISH:
				if (this.payloadMessage.duplicate) first |= 0x08;
				first  = first |= (this.payloadMessage.qos << 1);
				if (this.payloadMessage.retained) first |= 0x01;
				destinationNameLength = UTF8Length(this.payloadMessage.destinationName);
				remLength += destinationNameLength + 2;	   
				var payloadBytes = this.payloadMessage.payloadBytes;
				remLength += payloadBytes.byteLength;  
				if (payloadBytes instanceof ArrayBuffer)
					payloadBytes = new Uint8Array(payloadBytes);
				else if (!(payloadBytes instanceof Uint8Array))
					payloadBytes = new Uint8Array(payloadBytes.buffer);
				break;

			case MESSAGE_TYPE.DISCONNECT:
				break;

			default:
				;
		}

		// Now we can allocate a buffer for the message

		var mbi = encodeMBI(remLength);  // Convert the length to MQTT MBI format
		var pos = mbi.length + 1;        // Offset of start of variable header
		var buffer = new ArrayBuffer(remLength + pos);
		var byteStream = new Uint8Array(buffer);    // view it as a sequence of bytes

		//Write the fixed header into the buffer
		byteStream[0] = first;
		byteStream.set(mbi,1);

		// If this is a PUBLISH then the variable header starts with a topic
		if (this.type == MESSAGE_TYPE.PUBLISH)
			pos = writeString(this.payloadMessage.destinationName, destinationNameLength, byteStream, pos);
		// If this is a CONNECT then the variable header contains the protocol name/version, flags and keepalive time
		
		else if (this.type == MESSAGE_TYPE.CONNECT) {
			switch (this.mqttVersion) {
				case 3:
					byteStream.set(MqttProtoIdentifierv3, pos);
					pos += MqttProtoIdentifierv3.length;
					break;
				case 4:
					byteStream.set(MqttProtoIdentifierv4, pos);
					pos += MqttProtoIdentifierv4.length;
					break;
			}
			var connectFlags = 0;
			if (this.cleanSession) 
				connectFlags = 0x02;
			if (this.willMessage != undefined ) {
				connectFlags |= 0x04;
				connectFlags |= (this.willMessage.qos<<3);
				if (this.willMessage.retained) {
					connectFlags |= 0x20;
				}
			}
			if (this.userName != undefined)
				connectFlags |= 0x80;
			if (this.password != undefined)
				connectFlags |= 0x40;
			byteStream[pos++] = connectFlags; 
			pos = writeUint16 (this.keepAliveInterval, byteStream, pos);
		}

		// Output the messageIdentifier - if there is one
		if (this.messageIdentifier != undefined)
			pos = writeUint16 (this.messageIdentifier, byteStream, pos);

		switch(this.type) {
			case MESSAGE_TYPE.CONNECT:
				pos = writeString(this.clientId, UTF8Length(this.clientId), byteStream, pos); 
				if (this.willMessage != undefined) {
					pos = writeString(this.willMessage.destinationName, UTF8Length(this.willMessage.destinationName), byteStream, pos);
					pos = writeUint16(willMessagePayloadBytes.byteLength, byteStream, pos);
					byteStream.set(willMessagePayloadBytes, pos);
					pos += willMessagePayloadBytes.byteLength;
					
				}
			if (this.userName != undefined)
				pos = writeString(this.userName, UTF8Length(this.userName), byteStream, pos);
			if (this.password != undefined) 
				pos = writeString(this.password, UTF8Length(this.password), byteStream, pos);
			break;

			case MESSAGE_TYPE.PUBLISH:	
				// PUBLISH has a text or binary payload, if text do not add a 2 byte length field, just the UTF characters.	
				byteStream.set(payloadBytes, pos);
					
				break;

//    	    case MESSAGE_TYPE.PUBREC:	
//    	    case MESSAGE_TYPE.PUBREL:	
//    	    case MESSAGE_TYPE.PUBCOMP:	
//    	    	break;

			case MESSAGE_TYPE.SUBSCRIBE:
				// SUBSCRIBE has a list of topic strings and request QoS
				for (var i=0; i<this.topics.length; i++) {
					pos = writeString(this.topics[i], topicStrLength[i], byteStream, pos);
					byteStream[pos++] = this.requestedQos[i];
				}
				break;

			case MESSAGE_TYPE.UNSUBSCRIBE:	
				// UNSUBSCRIBE has a list of topic strings
				for (var i=0; i<this.topics.length; i++)
					pos = writeString(this.topics[i], topicStrLength[i], byteStream, pos);
				break;

			default:
				// Do nothing.
		}

		return buffer;
	}	

	function decodeMessage(input,pos) {
	    var startingPos = pos;
		var first = input[pos];
		var type = first >> 4;
		var messageInfo = first &= 0x0f;
		pos += 1;
		

		// Decode the remaining length (MBI format)

		var digit;
		var remLength = 0;
		var multiplier = 1;
		do {
			if (pos == input.length) {
			    return [null,startingPos];
			}
			digit = input[pos++];
			remLength += ((digit & 0x7F) * multiplier);
			multiplier *= 128;
		} while ((digit & 0x80) != 0);
		
		var endPos = pos+remLength;
		if (endPos > input.length) {
		    return [null,startingPos];
		}

		var wireMessage = new WireMessage(type);
		switch(type) {
			case MESSAGE_TYPE.CONNACK:
				var connectAcknowledgeFlags = input[pos++];
				if (connectAcknowledgeFlags & 0x01)
					wireMessage.sessionPresent = true;
				wireMessage.returnCode = input[pos++];
				break;
			
			case MESSAGE_TYPE.PUBLISH:     	    	
				var qos = (messageInfo >> 1) & 0x03;
							
				var len = readUint16(input, pos);
				pos += 2;
				var topicName = parseUTF8(input, pos, len);
				pos += len;
				// If QoS 1 or 2 there will be a messageIdentifier
				if (qos > 0) {
					wireMessage.messageIdentifier = readUint16(input, pos);
					pos += 2;
				}
				
				var message = new Paho.MQTT.Message(input.subarray(pos, endPos));
				if ((messageInfo & 0x01) == 0x01) 
					message.retained = true;
				if ((messageInfo & 0x08) == 0x08)
					message.duplicate =  true;
				message.qos = qos;
				message.destinationName = topicName;
				wireMessage.payloadMessage = message;	
				break;
			
			case  MESSAGE_TYPE.PUBACK:
			case  MESSAGE_TYPE.PUBREC:	    
			case  MESSAGE_TYPE.PUBREL:    
			case  MESSAGE_TYPE.PUBCOMP:
			case  MESSAGE_TYPE.UNSUBACK:    	    	
				wireMessage.messageIdentifier = readUint16(input, pos);
				break;
				
			case  MESSAGE_TYPE.SUBACK:
				wireMessage.messageIdentifier = readUint16(input, pos);
				pos += 2;
				wireMessage.returnCode = input.subarray(pos, endPos);	
				break;
		
			default:
				;
		}
				
		return [wireMessage,endPos];	
	}

	function writeUint16(input, buffer, offset) {
		buffer[offset++] = input >> 8;      //MSB
		buffer[offset++] = input % 256;     //LSB 
		return offset;
	}	

	function writeString(input, utf8Length, buffer, offset) {
		offset = writeUint16(utf8Length, buffer, offset);
		stringToUTF8(input, buffer, offset);
		return offset + utf8Length;
	}	

	function readUint16(buffer, offset) {
		return 256*buffer[offset] + buffer[offset+1];
	}	

	/**
	 * Encodes an MQTT Multi-Byte Integer
	 * @private 
	 */
	function encodeMBI(number) {
		var output = new Array(1);
		var numBytes = 0;

		do {
			var digit = number % 128;
			number = number >> 7;
			if (number > 0) {
				digit |= 0x80;
			}
			output[numBytes++] = digit;
		} while ( (number > 0) && (numBytes<4) );

		return output;
	}

	/**
	 * Takes a String and calculates its length in bytes when encoded in UTF8.
	 * @private
	 */
	function UTF8Length(input) {
		var output = 0;
		for (var i = 0; i<input.length; i++) 
		{
			var charCode = input.charCodeAt(i);
				if (charCode > 0x7FF)
				   {
					  // Surrogate pair means its a 4 byte character
					  if (0xD800 <= charCode && charCode <= 0xDBFF)
						{
						  i++;
						  output++;
						}
				   output +=3;
				   }
			else if (charCode > 0x7F)
				output +=2;
			else
				output++;
		} 
		return output;
	}
	
	/**
	 * Takes a String and writes it into an array as UTF8 encoded bytes.
	 * @private
	 */
	function stringToUTF8(input, output, start) {
		var pos = start;
		for (var i = 0; i<input.length; i++) {
			var charCode = input.charCodeAt(i);
			
			// Check for a surrogate pair.
			if (0xD800 <= charCode && charCode <= 0xDBFF) {
				var lowCharCode = input.charCodeAt(++i);
				if (isNaN(lowCharCode)) {
					throw new Error(format(ERROR.MALFORMED_UNICODE, [charCode, lowCharCode]));
				}
				charCode = ((charCode - 0xD800)<<10) + (lowCharCode - 0xDC00) + 0x10000;
			
			}
			
			if (charCode <= 0x7F) {
				output[pos++] = charCode;
			} else if (charCode <= 0x7FF) {
				output[pos++] = charCode>>6  & 0x1F | 0xC0;
				output[pos++] = charCode     & 0x3F | 0x80;
			} else if (charCode <= 0xFFFF) {    				    
				output[pos++] = charCode>>12 & 0x0F | 0xE0;
				output[pos++] = charCode>>6  & 0x3F | 0x80;   
				output[pos++] = charCode     & 0x3F | 0x80;   
			} else {
				output[pos++] = charCode>>18 & 0x07 | 0xF0;
				output[pos++] = charCode>>12 & 0x3F | 0x80;
				output[pos++] = charCode>>6  & 0x3F | 0x80;
				output[pos++] = charCode     & 0x3F | 0x80;
			};
		} 
		return output;
	}
	
	function parseUTF8(input, offset, length) {
		var output = "";
		var utf16;
		var pos = offset;

		while (pos < offset+length)
		{
			var byte1 = input[pos++];
			if (byte1 < 128)
				utf16 = byte1;
			else 
			{
				var byte2 = input[pos++]-128;
				if (byte2 < 0) 
					throw new Error(format(ERROR.MALFORMED_UTF, [byte1.toString(16), byte2.toString(16),""]));
				if (byte1 < 0xE0)             // 2 byte character
					utf16 = 64*(byte1-0xC0) + byte2;
				else 
				{ 
					var byte3 = input[pos++]-128;
					if (byte3 < 0) 
						throw new Error(format(ERROR.MALFORMED_UTF, [byte1.toString(16), byte2.toString(16), byte3.toString(16)]));
					if (byte1 < 0xF0)        // 3 byte character
						utf16 = 4096*(byte1-0xE0) + 64*byte2 + byte3;
								else
								{
								   var byte4 = input[pos++]-128;
								   if (byte4 < 0) 
						throw new Error(format(ERROR.MALFORMED_UTF, [byte1.toString(16), byte2.toString(16), byte3.toString(16), byte4.toString(16)]));
								   if (byte1 < 0xF8)        // 4 byte character 
										   utf16 = 262144*(byte1-0xF0) + 4096*byte2 + 64*byte3 + byte4;
					   else                     // longer encodings are not supported  
						throw new Error(format(ERROR.MALFORMED_UTF, [byte1.toString(16), byte2.toString(16), byte3.toString(16), byte4.toString(16)]));
								}
				}
			}  

				if (utf16 > 0xFFFF)   // 4 byte character - express as a surrogate pair
				  {
					 utf16 -= 0x10000;
					 output += String.fromCharCode(0xD800 + (utf16 >> 10)); // lead character
					 utf16 = 0xDC00 + (utf16 & 0x3FF);  // trail character
				  }
			output += String.fromCharCode(utf16);
		}
		return output;
	}
	
	/** 
	 * Repeat keepalive requests, monitor responses.
	 * @ignore
	 */
	var Pinger = function(client, window, keepAliveInterval) { 
		this._client = client;        	
		this._window = window;
		this._keepAliveInterval = keepAliveInterval*1000;     	
		this.isReset = false;
		
		var pingReq = new WireMessage(MESSAGE_TYPE.PINGREQ).encode(); 
		
		var doTimeout = function (pinger) {
			return function () {
				return doPing.apply(pinger);
			};
		};
		
		/** @ignore */
		var doPing = function() { 
			if (!this.isReset) {
				this._client._trace("Pinger.doPing", "Timed out");
				this._client._disconnected( ERROR.PING_TIMEOUT.code , format(ERROR.PING_TIMEOUT));
			} else {
				this.isReset = false;
				this._client._trace("Pinger.doPing", "send PINGREQ");
				this._client.socket.send(pingReq); 
				this.timeout = this._window.setTimeout(doTimeout(this), this._keepAliveInterval);
			}
		}

		this.reset = function() {
			this.isReset = true;
			this._window.clearTimeout(this.timeout);
			if (this._keepAliveInterval > 0)
				this.timeout = setTimeout(doTimeout(this), this._keepAliveInterval);
		}

		this.cancel = function() {
			this._window.clearTimeout(this.timeout);
		}
	 }; 

	/**
	 * Monitor request completion.
	 * @ignore
	 */
	var Timeout = function(client, window, timeoutSeconds, action, args) {
		this._window = window;
		if (!timeoutSeconds)
			timeoutSeconds = 30;
		
		var doTimeout = function (action, client, args) {
			return function () {
				return action.apply(client, args);
			};
		};
		this.timeout = setTimeout(doTimeout(action, client, args), timeoutSeconds * 1000);
		
		this.cancel = function() {
			this._window.clearTimeout(this.timeout);
		}
	}; 
	
	/*
	 * Internal implementation of the Websockets MQTT V3.1 client.
	 * 
	 * @name Paho.MQTT.ClientImpl @constructor 
	 * @param {String} host the DNS nameof the webSocket host. 
	 * @param {Number} port the port number for that host.
	 * @param {String} clientId the MQ client identifier.
	 */
	var ClientImpl = function (uri, host, port, path, clientId) {
		// Check dependencies are satisfied in this browser.
		if (!("WebSocket" in global && global["WebSocket"] !== null)) {
			throw new Error(format(ERROR.UNSUPPORTED, ["WebSocket"]));
		}
		if (!("localStorage" in global && global["localStorage"] !== null)) {
			throw new Error(format(ERROR.UNSUPPORTED, ["localStorage"]));
		}
		if (!("ArrayBuffer" in global && global["ArrayBuffer"] !== null)) {
			throw new Error(format(ERROR.UNSUPPORTED, ["ArrayBuffer"]));
		}
		this._trace("Paho.MQTT.Client", uri, host, port, path, clientId);

		this.host = host;
		this.port = port;
		this.path = path;
		this.uri = uri;
		this.clientId = clientId;

		// Local storagekeys are qualified with the following string.
		// The conditional inclusion of path in the key is for backward
		// compatibility to when the path was not configurable and assumed to
		// be /mqtt
		this._localKey=host+":"+port+(path!="/mqtt"?":"+path:"")+":"+clientId+":";

		// Create private instance-only message queue
		// Internal queue of messages to be sent, in sending order. 
		this._msg_queue = [];

		// Messages we have sent and are expecting a response for, indexed by their respective message ids. 
		this._sentMessages = {};

		// Messages we have received and acknowleged and are expecting a confirm message for
		// indexed by their respective message ids. 
		this._receivedMessages = {};

		// Internal list of callbacks to be executed when messages
		// have been successfully sent over web socket, e.g. disconnect
		// when it doesn't have to wait for ACK, just message is dispatched.
		this._notify_msg_sent = {};

		// Unique identifier for SEND messages, incrementing
		// counter as messages are sent.
		this._message_identifier = 1;
		
		// Used to determine the transmission sequence of stored sent messages.
		this._sequence = 0;
		

		// Load the local state, if any, from the saved version, only restore state relevant to this client.   	
		for (var key in localStorage)
			if (   key.indexOf("Sent:"+this._localKey) == 0  		    
				|| key.indexOf("Received:"+this._localKey) == 0)
			this.restore(key);
	};

	// Messaging Client public instance members. 
	ClientImpl.prototype.host;
	ClientImpl.prototype.port;
	ClientImpl.prototype.path;
	ClientImpl.prototype.uri;
	ClientImpl.prototype.clientId;

	// Messaging Client private instance members.
	ClientImpl.prototype.socket;
	/* true once we have received an acknowledgement to a CONNECT packet. */
	ClientImpl.prototype.connected = false;
	/* The largest message identifier allowed, may not be larger than 2**16 but 
	 * if set smaller reduces the maximum number of outbound messages allowed.
	 */ 
	ClientImpl.prototype.maxMessageIdentifier = 65536;
	ClientImpl.prototype.connectOptions;
	ClientImpl.prototype.hostIndex;
	ClientImpl.prototype.onConnectionLost;
	ClientImpl.prototype.onMessageDelivered;
	ClientImpl.prototype.onMessageArrived;
	ClientImpl.prototype.traceFunction;
	ClientImpl.prototype._msg_queue = null;
	ClientImpl.prototype._connectTimeout;
	/* The sendPinger monitors how long we allow before we send data to prove to the server that we are alive. */
	ClientImpl.prototype.sendPinger = null;
	/* The receivePinger monitors how long we allow before we require evidence that the server is alive. */
	ClientImpl.prototype.receivePinger = null;
	
	ClientImpl.prototype.receiveBuffer = null;
	
	ClientImpl.prototype._traceBuffer = null;
	ClientImpl.prototype._MAX_TRACE_ENTRIES = 100;

	ClientImpl.prototype.connect = function (connectOptions) {
		var connectOptionsMasked = this._traceMask(connectOptions, "password"); 
		this._trace("Client.connect", connectOptionsMasked, this.socket, this.connected);
		
		if (this.connected) 
			throw new Error(format(ERROR.INVALID_STATE, ["already connected"]));
		if (this.socket)
			throw new Error(format(ERROR.INVALID_STATE, ["already connected"]));
		
		this.connectOptions = connectOptions;
		
		if (connectOptions.uris) {
			this.hostIndex = 0;
			this._doConnect(connectOptions.uris[0]);  
		} else {
			this._doConnect(this.uri);  		
		}
		
	};

	ClientImpl.prototype.subscribe = function (filter, subscribeOptions) {
		this._trace("Client.subscribe", filter, subscribeOptions);
			  
		if (!this.connected)
			throw new Error(format(ERROR.INVALID_STATE, ["not connected"]));
		
		var wireMessage = new WireMessage(MESSAGE_TYPE.SUBSCRIBE);
		wireMessage.topics=[filter];
		if (subscribeOptions.qos != undefined)
			wireMessage.requestedQos = [subscribeOptions.qos];
		else 
			wireMessage.requestedQos = [0];
		
		if (subscribeOptions.onSuccess) {
			wireMessage.onSuccess = function(grantedQos) {subscribeOptions.onSuccess({invocationContext:subscribeOptions.invocationContext,grantedQos:grantedQos});};
		}

		if (subscribeOptions.onFailure) {
			wireMessage.onFailure = function(errorCode) {subscribeOptions.onFailure({invocationContext:subscribeOptions.invocationContext,errorCode:errorCode});};
		}

		if (subscribeOptions.timeout) {
			wireMessage.timeOut = new Timeout(this, window, subscribeOptions.timeout, subscribeOptions.onFailure
					, [{invocationContext:subscribeOptions.invocationContext, 
						errorCode:ERROR.SUBSCRIBE_TIMEOUT.code, 
						errorMessage:format(ERROR.SUBSCRIBE_TIMEOUT)}]);
		}
		
		// All subscriptions return a SUBACK. 
		this._requires_ack(wireMessage);
		this._schedule_message(wireMessage);
	};

	/** @ignore */
	ClientImpl.prototype.unsubscribe = function(filter, unsubscribeOptions) {  
		this._trace("Client.unsubscribe", filter, unsubscribeOptions);
		
		if (!this.connected)
		   throw new Error(format(ERROR.INVALID_STATE, ["not connected"]));
		
		var wireMessage = new WireMessage(MESSAGE_TYPE.UNSUBSCRIBE);
		wireMessage.topics = [filter];
		
		if (unsubscribeOptions.onSuccess) {
			wireMessage.callback = function() {unsubscribeOptions.onSuccess({invocationContext:unsubscribeOptions.invocationContext});};
		}
		if (unsubscribeOptions.timeout) {
			wireMessage.timeOut = new Timeout(this, window, unsubscribeOptions.timeout, unsubscribeOptions.onFailure
					, [{invocationContext:unsubscribeOptions.invocationContext,
						errorCode:ERROR.UNSUBSCRIBE_TIMEOUT.code,
						errorMessage:format(ERROR.UNSUBSCRIBE_TIMEOUT)}]);
		}
	 
		// All unsubscribes return a SUBACK.         
		this._requires_ack(wireMessage);
		this._schedule_message(wireMessage);
	};
	 
	ClientImpl.prototype.send = function (message) {
		this._trace("Client.send", message);

		if (!this.connected)
		   throw new Error(format(ERROR.INVALID_STATE, ["not connected"]));
		
		wireMessage = new WireMessage(MESSAGE_TYPE.PUBLISH);
		wireMessage.payloadMessage = message;
		
		if (message.qos > 0)
			this._requires_ack(wireMessage);
		else if (this.onMessageDelivered)
			this._notify_msg_sent[wireMessage] = this.onMessageDelivered(wireMessage.payloadMessage);
		this._schedule_message(wireMessage);
	};
	
	ClientImpl.prototype.disconnect = function () {
		this._trace("Client.disconnect");

		if (!this.socket)
			throw new Error(format(ERROR.INVALID_STATE, ["not connecting or connected"]));
		
		wireMessage = new WireMessage(MESSAGE_TYPE.DISCONNECT);

		// Run the disconnected call back as soon as the message has been sent,
		// in case of a failure later on in the disconnect processing.
		// as a consequence, the _disconected call back may be run several times.
		this._notify_msg_sent[wireMessage] = scope(this._disconnected, this);

		this._schedule_message(wireMessage);
	};
	
	ClientImpl.prototype.getTraceLog = function () {
		if ( this._traceBuffer !== null ) {
			this._trace("Client.getTraceLog", new Date());
			this._trace("Client.getTraceLog in flight messages", this._sentMessages.length);
			for (var key in this._sentMessages)
				this._trace("_sentMessages ",key, this._sentMessages[key]);
			for (var key in this._receivedMessages)
				this._trace("_receivedMessages ",key, this._receivedMessages[key]);
			
			return this._traceBuffer;
		}
	};
	
	ClientImpl.prototype.startTrace = function () {
		if ( this._traceBuffer === null ) {
			this._traceBuffer = [];
		}
		this._trace("Client.startTrace", new Date(), version);
	};
	
	ClientImpl.prototype.stopTrace = function () {
		delete this._traceBuffer;
	};

	ClientImpl.prototype._doConnect = function (wsurl) { 	        
		// When the socket is open, this client will send the CONNECT WireMessage using the saved parameters. 
		if (this.connectOptions.useSSL) {
		    var uriParts = wsurl.split(":");
		    uriParts[0] = "wss";
		    wsurl = uriParts.join(":");
		}
		this.connected = false;
		if (this.connectOptions.mqttVersion < 4) {
			this.socket = new WebSocket(wsurl, ["mqttv3.1"]);
		} else {
			this.socket = new WebSocket(wsurl, ["mqtt"]);
		}
		this.socket.binaryType = 'arraybuffer';
		
		this.socket.onopen = scope(this._on_socket_open, this);
		this.socket.onmessage = scope(this._on_socket_message, this);
		this.socket.onerror = scope(this._on_socket_error, this);
		this.socket.onclose = scope(this._on_socket_close, this);
		
		this.sendPinger = new Pinger(this, window, this.connectOptions.keepAliveInterval);
		this.receivePinger = new Pinger(this, window, this.connectOptions.keepAliveInterval);
		
		this._connectTimeout = new Timeout(this, window, this.connectOptions.timeout, this._disconnected,  [ERROR.CONNECT_TIMEOUT.code, format(ERROR.CONNECT_TIMEOUT)]);
	};

	
	// Schedule a new message to be sent over the WebSockets
	// connection. CONNECT messages cause WebSocket connection
	// to be started. All other messages are queued internally
	// until this has happened. When WS connection starts, process
	// all outstanding messages. 
	ClientImpl.prototype._schedule_message = function (message) {
...

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Github

https://github.com/altaga/The-Ultimate-IBM-Watson-IoT-Platform-Guide

Github

https://github.com/esp8266/Arduino

Credits

Victor Altamirano

Victor Altamirano

25 projects • 81 followers
I am a Biomedical engineer who likes to develop hardware and software solutions.
EdOliver

EdOliver

38 projects • 73 followers
Engineer, Scientist, Maker. Entrepreneur and Futurist.

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