Published September 20, 2021 © MIT

Spir-O

Open-source Spirometry for ALL.

IntermediateFull instructions providedOver 3 days1,517

Things used in this project

Hardware components

Amazon Web Services AWS IoT EduKit

SparkFun Environmental Combo Breakout - CCS811/BME280 (Qwiic)

2xIR Interrupter PCB based on dual-channel opamp

Flow MIR turbine

Software apps and online services

Arduino IDE

Amazon Web Services AWS IoT

Amazon Web Services AWS S3

Hand tools and fabrication machines

Soldering Station, Hobbyist

3D Printer (generic)

Bantam Tools Desktop PCB Milling Machine

Story

Background

With over 93 million cases of the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide, clinicians continue to search for new treatment options to reduce its morbidity and mortality. While 80–90% of COVID-19 patients are asymptomatic or have only mild symptoms, some develop severe pulmonary complications, including Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Among those who develop ARDS, there is a high mortality rate. Factors causing some patients to progress from mild to severe symptoms have not been fully elucidated, but the change can occur quickly, with an average of 8 days between first symptom and ARDS onset. This period presents a time where intervention may be able to prevent clinical worsening. Unlike in severe COVID-19 cases, providers have very few treatment options to offer patients with mild-to-moderate symptoms in order to prevent progression to severe disease.

Hence, based on individual researches, we propose that spirometry or pulmonary function testing could be considered an intervention to treat patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 disease, based on user PFT-results, or help in early diagnosis of chronic lung diseases like: asthma, COPD, cystic and pulmonary fibrosis. It is also helpful as part of a system of health surveillance, in which breathing patterns are measured and can be intelligently analyzed over time.

Asthma-COPD-Overlap (ACO)

Performing Spirometry...

Spirometry is the most common type of pulmonary function or breathing test. This test measures how much air you can breathe in and out of your lungs, as well as how easily and fast you can the blow the air out of your lungs.

Common lung parameters measured through Spirometers (as per ATS/ERS standards) should include:

Forced vital capacity (FVC).
Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1).
FEV1/FVC ratio
Peak Expiratory flow rate (PEFR)
and others like tidal volume, TLC, FEF, FEV6, DLCO, MVV, etc.

PFT-Parameters

COVID-19 Impact on Global Spirometer Market

The World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. This pandemic has disrupted growth in many economies across various domains. Respiratory diseases are among the leading causes of death in the world, making up five of the top 30 causes. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third-most-leading cause of death. COVID-19 outbreak has caused increased incidence on respiratory diseases. The pandemic has caused disruption in health systems all over the world. It is anticipated that there will be a surge in the number of ARDS patients requiring respiratory support, and there may be an increase in the demand for spirometer.

Financials be like-"yet another incoming healthcare opportunity"

Spir-O Features:

Long before, the idea for Spir-O was conceptualized, we had carefully studied numerous spirometer designs both existing in the market and within the open-source hardware community. While, most of them were engineered on turbine based flow measurement, and a few on pneumotach and ultrasonics.

'O' says ALL...

Spir-O was envisioned to be low-cost, easily-replicable, scalable and fully open-source, such that it becomes a necessary tool of affordable "vital-signs" measurement device. Besides, Spir-O encompasses BME280 and CCS811 sensor by Sparkfun, that is utilized to measure CO2 and TVOC concentration, along-with parameters like temperature, humidity and relative altitude, that could be referenced for measuring:

Breath-Temperature, humidity and VOC-concentration during expiration maneuver.
FEV(1), FVC, FEV(1)%, PEFR for both inspiration & expiration maneuvers.
Audio-feedback that aids during the test-sequence.
Integration of AWS Cloud Service for demonstrating as IoT healthcare device.

Since, the hardware design for this challenge is based on sponsored (thanks x1.21 gigawatts) M5Stack Core2, which itself is based on popular Esp32, resources were easily available on various communities (once-againthanks x1.21+1e gigawatts).

Hence, the initial step was to design PCB and CAD model for our project and were successfully home-grown after multiple iterations on our less popular PCB-milling and 3D printing machines respectively.

Spir-O :: Electronics

Spir-O :: Mechanical

1 / 8

The second step was of decision-making whether to build or buy the 'turbine' as numerous printed versions shamelessly failed during the initial tests and hence the one from MIR (Medical International Research) was chosen since, almost 80% of spirometer manufacturers use it in their devices.

!pics...but product-history over the course of project-completion.

1 / 12 • Final prototype-(do exclude the masking-tape on turbine clamp)

Rare-Demonstration

Spir-O in action

Conclusion: Despite every efforts to furnish your project, it still feels the project hasn't met it's goal and that is the universal story of every project existing on the open-source community, lying within 'design-test-design' ; closed-loop.

As the project was completed, it stretched new goals and hurdles (not including code-bugs), that were encountered serially and still, features like on-board machine-learning for detection of sensor parameter anomaly, disease-classification and detection based on (coarse)-ML model (work in progress), and utilization of AWS services up to it's mark, lacks in the present version, and definitely would be done in the next iteration.

Thanks once again to AWS IoT Edukit and Hackster Community for organizing this event.

Schematics

Code

Spir-O V1

#include "aws_iot_certs.h"

#include "WiFi.h"
#include <WiFiClientSecure.h>
#include <MQTTClient.h>
#include <ArduinoJson.h>
WiFiClientSecure net = WiFiClientSecure();
// Setup MQTT Client with 512 packet size
MQTTClient client = MQTTClient(512);

// Defining our AWS IoT Configuration // 
#define DEVICE_NAME "SPIROMETER"
#define AWS_IOT_ENDPOINT "a5p8uhv31rv4o-ats.iot.us-east-1.amazonaws.com"
#define AWS_IOT_TOPIC "$aws/things/SPIROMETER/shadow/update"
#define AWS_MAX_RECONNECT_TRIES 10
// Define Publish and Describe Topics
#define AWS_IOT_PUBLISH_TOPIC   "esp32/pub"
#define AWS_IOT_SUBSCRIBE_TOPIC "esp32/sub"

#define WIFI_NETWORK  "Test"
#define WIFI_PASS     "135792468"
#define WIFI_TIMEOUT_MS 20000
////////////////////////////////////////
#include <M5Core2.h>
#include <driver/i2s.h>
#include <Wire.h>
#include <FlowMeter.h> 
#include <WiFi.h>
#include "time.h"
#include "FastLED.h"
#include <SparkFunBME280.h>
#include <SparkFunCCS811.h>

#define CCS811_ADDR 0x5B //Default I2C Address
#define PIN_NOT_WAKE 5
#define LEDS_PIN 25
#define LEDS_NUM 10
CRGB ledsBuff[LEDS_NUM];

CCS811 myCCS811(CCS811_ADDR);
BME280 myBME280;
FlowMeter *Meter;

boolean pftRun = false;
boolean inspFlag = true;
int humid_baseline, humid_corr;
float psiPressure;
float psiMult = 0.000145;
const unsigned long period = 1000;
float EOTI = 0.025; //End of Test Indication(0.025 litres/second {+/-} 200ml/sec)
float MFR = 0.69;   //Modest Flow Rate(0.69 litres/second)
float LFR = 0.5;    //Low Flow Rate(0.5 litres/second)
float FEV1, PEF, FVC;

uint8_t val = 0;
extern const unsigned char previewR[120264];
extern const unsigned char bibiSig[8820];

//const char* ssid       = "Test";
//const char* password   = "135792468";
//const char* ntpServer = "in.pool.ntp.org";
//const long  gmtOffset_sec = 19800;
//const int   daylightOffset_sec = 0;//3600

#define CONFIG_I2S_BCK_PIN 12
#define CONFIG_I2S_LRCK_PIN 0
#define CONFIG_I2S_DATA_PIN 2
#define CONFIG_I2S_DATA_IN_PIN 34

#define Speak_I2S_NUMBER I2S_NUM_0

#define MODE_MIC 0
#define MODE_SPK 1
#define DATA_SIZE 1024

bool InitI2SSpeakOrMic(int mode)
{
    esp_err_t err = ESP_OK;

    i2s_driver_uninstall(Speak_I2S_NUMBER);
    i2s_config_t i2s_config = {
        .mode = (i2s_mode_t)(I2S_MODE_MASTER),
        .sample_rate = 44100,
        .bits_per_sample = I2S_BITS_PER_SAMPLE_16BIT, // is fixed at 12bit, stereo, MSB
        .channel_format = I2S_CHANNEL_FMT_ONLY_RIGHT,
        .communication_format = I2S_COMM_FORMAT_I2S,
        .intr_alloc_flags = ESP_INTR_FLAG_LEVEL1,
        .dma_buf_count = 2,
        .dma_buf_len = 128,
    };
    if (mode == MODE_MIC)
    {
        i2s_config.mode = (i2s_mode_t)(I2S_MODE_MASTER | I2S_MODE_RX | I2S_MODE_PDM);
    }
    else
    {
        i2s_config.mode = (i2s_mode_t)(I2S_MODE_MASTER | I2S_MODE_TX);
        i2s_config.use_apll = false;
        i2s_config.tx_desc_auto_clear = true;
    }
    err += i2s_driver_install(Speak_I2S_NUMBER, &i2s_config, 0, NULL);
    i2s_pin_config_t tx_pin_config;

    tx_pin_config.bck_io_num = CONFIG_I2S_BCK_PIN;
    tx_pin_config.ws_io_num = CONFIG_I2S_LRCK_PIN;
    tx_pin_config.data_out_num = CONFIG_I2S_DATA_PIN;
    tx_pin_config.data_in_num = CONFIG_I2S_DATA_IN_PIN;
    err += i2s_set_pin(Speak_I2S_NUMBER, &tx_pin_config);
    err += i2s_set_clk(Speak_I2S_NUMBER, 44100, I2S_BITS_PER_SAMPLE_16BIT, I2S_CHANNEL_MONO);

    return true;
}

void MeterISR() {
    // let our flow meter count the pulses
    Meter->count();
}


void setup() {
  M5.begin();
  SpeakInit();
  M5.Lcd.clear();
  M5.Lcd.setBrightness(200);
  M5.Lcd.drawJpgFile(SD, "/sl1.jpg");
  for(int x=0; x<=1; x++)
  {
   Beep();
   delay(140); 
  }
  delay(5000);
  //delay(1000);
  Serial.begin(115200);
  Wire.begin();
  M5.Lcd.drawJpgFile(SD, "/sl2.jpg");
  delay(7000);
  M5.Lcd.drawJpgFile(SD, "/sl3.jpg");
  delay(8000);
  M5.Lcd.drawJpgFile(SD, "/sl4.jpg");
  delay(12000);
  //delay(1000);  //Excluding.
  Meter = new FlowMeter(digitalPinToInterrupt(14), UncalibratedSensor, MeterISR, FALLING);
  myCCS811.begin();
  delay(100);
  myBME280.begin();
  //Initialize BME280
  myBME280.settings.commInterface = I2C_MODE;
  myBME280.settings.I2CAddress = 0x77;
  myBME280.settings.runMode = 3; //Normal mode
  myBME280.settings.tStandby = 0;
  myBME280.settings.filter = 4;
  myBME280.settings.tempOverSample = 5;
  myBME280.settings.pressOverSample = 5;
  myBME280.settings.humidOverSample = 5;
  delay(10);  //Make sure sensor had enough time to turn on. BME280 requires 2ms to start up.
  M5.Lcd.clearDisplay();
  M5.Lcd.fillScreen(WHITE);
  M5.Lcd.setTextColor(BLACK, WHITE);
  M5.Lcd.setTextFont(2);
  M5.Lcd.setTextSize(2);  
    
  devAuth();
  delay(1000);
  M5.Lcd.setCursor(87, 190);
  M5.Lcd.print("Scan code..");

  FastLED.addLeds<SK6812, LEDS_PIN>(ledsBuff, LEDS_NUM);
    for (int i = 0; i < LEDS_NUM; i++)
    {
        ledsBuff[i].setRGB(0, 0, 20);
    }
      FastLED.show();
      delay(9000);
      M5.Lcd.clearDisplay();
      splash_homescreen();
      connectToWifi();
      delay(2000);
      connectToAWSIoT();
}


void loop() {
  M5.update();
  if(M5.BtnA.wasPressed()) {
    M5.Lcd.clearDisplay();
    splash_PFT1();
    getSensor();
    delay(8000);
    humid_baseline = myBME280.readFloatHumidity();
    for(int m=0; m<=4; m++)
    {     Beep();  delay(600);     }
    splash_screenTestPFT();
    //Meter->reset();
      runPFTAdv();
      FEV1 = Meter->getCurrentVolume();
      PEF = Meter->getCurrentFlowrate()/60.0f;
//      Serial.print("FEV(1) : ");
//      Serial.print(FEV1);
//      Serial.print(" litres, \tPEF : ");
//      Serial.print(PEF);
//      Serial.println(" litres/sec");
      
      for (int count=1; count<=5; count++)
      {
        runPFTAdv();
      }
      FVC = Meter->getTotalVolume();
      getSensor();
      humid_corr = myBME280.readFloatHumidity();
//      Serial.print("FVC : ");
//      Serial.print(FVC);
//      Serial.println(" litres");

      if (humid_corr - humid_baseline > 5) //to be calibrated for hpa(unit). 
      {
        Serial.println("Expiration Maneuver");
        inspFlag = false;
      }
      else 
      {
        Serial.println("Inspiration Maneuver");
        inspFlag = true;
      }
      
    for (int n=0; n<9; n++)
    {    Beep();     }    
    delay(100);
    splash_PFT2();
    val = 0;
    delay(15000);
    splash_homescreen();
  }
  
  if(M5.BtnB.wasPressed()) {
    M5.Lcd.clearDisplay();
    splash_VOC1();
    delay(5000);
    splash_screenTestVOC();
    //delay(6000);
    getSensor();
    delay(500);  // Modified from 2 second to 0.5 second
    splash_VOC2();
    val = 0;
    delay(15000);
    splash_homescreen();
  }
  
  if(M5.BtnC.wasPressed()) {
    M5.Lcd.clearDisplay();
    splash_exit();
    getSensor();
    enablePacketCapture();
    for (int c=0; c<3; c++)
    {
    client.loop();
    delay(5000);
    }
    
  }
  
}


////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

void devAuth()
{
  M5.Lcd.qrcode("https://console.aws.amazon.com/iot/home?region=us-east-1#/dashboard",65,0,190,6);
}

void splash_homescreen()//OK.
{
  M5.Lcd.fillScreen(BLACK);
  M5.Lcd.setTextColor(ORANGE , BLACK);
  M5.Lcd.setTextFont(2); //Added.
  M5.Lcd.setTextSize(3);
  M5.Lcd.setCursor(60, 8);
  M5.Lcd.print("SpirO Test");

  M5.Lcd.setTextColor(GREENYELLOW , BLACK);
  M5.Lcd.setTextSize(2);  
  M5.Lcd.setCursor(10, 100);
  M5.Lcd.print("Press Button A for PFT ");
  M5.Lcd.setCursor(10, 140);
  M5.Lcd.print("Press Button B for VOC ");
  M5.Lcd.setCursor(10, 180);
  M5.Lcd.print("Press Button C for EXIT ");
}

void splash_screenTestPFT()//OK.
{
  M5.Lcd.fillScreen(GREENYELLOW);
  M5.Lcd.setTextColor(BLACK , GREENYELLOW);
  M5.Lcd.setTextSize(2);
  M5.Lcd.setCursor(43, 110);
  M5.Lcd.print("Test in Progress...");
  for (int i=0; i<=100; i++)
  {
  M5.Lcd.progressBar(40, 150, 240, 20, val);    //Display a progress bar with a width of 240 and a 20% progress at (0, 0)
  val++;
  delay(100);
  }
}

void splash_screenTestVOC()//OK.
{
  //M5.Lcd.clearDisplay();
  M5.Lcd.fillScreen(ORANGE);
  M5.Lcd.setTextColor(BLACK , ORANGE);
  M5.Lcd.setTextSize(2);
  M5.Lcd.setCursor(43, 110);
  M5.Lcd.print("Test in Progress...");
  for (int i=0; i<=100; i++)
  {
  M5.Lcd.progressBar(40, 150, 240, 20, val);    //Display a progress bar with a width of 240 and a 20% progress at (0, 0)
  val++;
  delay(50);
  }
}

void splash_PFT1()
{
  M5.Lcd.fillScreen(GREENYELLOW);
  M5.Lcd.setTextColor(NAVY, GREENYELLOW);
  M5.Lcd.setTextFont(2); //Added.
  M5.Lcd.setTextSize(3);
  M5.Lcd.setCursor(28, 0);
  M5.Lcd.print("PFT-Diagnosis");

  M5.Lcd.setTextColor(BLACK, GREENYELLOW);
  M5.Lcd.setTextSize(1);
  M5.Lcd.setCursor(20, 80);
  M5.Lcd.print("- CALM DOWN AND TAKE DEEP BREATHS");
  M5.Lcd.setCursor(20, 120);
  M5.Lcd.print("- PUT YOUR LIPS OVER MOUTHPIECE");
  M5.Lcd.setCursor(20, 160);
  M5.Lcd.print("- INHALE WITH FULL CAPACITY");
  M5.Lcd.setCursor(20, 200);                                                                                               
  M5.Lcd.print("- EXHALE WITH FULL CAPACITY");
}

void splash_PFT2() //OK.
{
  M5.Lcd.fillScreen(GREENYELLOW);
  M5.Lcd.setTextColor(BLACK, GREENYELLOW);
  M5.Lcd.setTextSize(2);  
  M5.Lcd.setCursor(20, 40);
  M5.Lcd.print("FVC :  ");
  M5.Lcd.setCursor(20, 70);
  M5.Lcd.print("FEV(1) :  ");
  M5.Lcd.setCursor(20, 100);
  M5.Lcd.print("PEFR :  ");
  M5.Lcd.setCursor(20, 150);
  M5.Lcd.print("FEV1/FVC :  ");
  M5.Lcd.setTextColor(RED, GREENYELLOW);
  M5.Lcd.setCursor(150, 40);
  M5.Lcd.print(FVC);
  M5.Lcd.print(" lts.");
  M5.Lcd.setCursor(150, 70);
  M5.Lcd.print(FEV1);
  M5.Lcd.print(" lts.");
  M5.Lcd.setCursor(150, 100);
  M5.Lcd.print(PEF);
  M5.Lcd.print(" lt/s");
  M5.Lcd.setCursor(190, 150);
  M5.Lcd.print((FEV1/FVC)*100);
  M5.Lcd.print(" %");
  //M5.Lcd.setCursor(20, 160);
  //M5.Lcd.print("Vt :  ");
  //M5.Lcd.setCursor(20, 190);
  //M5.Lcd.print("TLC :  ");
  //DingDong();
  M5.Lcd.setCursor(80, 190);
  if (inspFlag == false)
  {
    M5.Lcd.print("EXPIRATION");
  }
  else
  {
    M5.Lcd.print("INSPIRATION");
  }
  delay(100);
}

void splash_VOC1()
{
  M5.Lcd.fillScreen(ORANGE);
  M5.Lcd.setTextColor(WHITE, ORANGE);
  M5.Lcd.setTextFont(2); //Added.
  M5.Lcd.setTextSize(3);
  M5.Lcd.setCursor(20, 0);
  M5.Lcd.print("xVOC-Diagnosis");

  M5.Lcd.setTextColor(BLACK, ORANGE);
  M5.Lcd.setTextSize(2);
  M5.Lcd.setCursor(0, 120);
  M5.Lcd.print(" BREATHE LIGHTLY FOR  FEW SECONDS THROUGH MOUTHPIECE");
}

void splash_VOC2() //OK.
{
  M5.Lcd.fillScreen(ORANGE);
  M5.Lcd.setTextColor(BLACK, ORANGE);
  M5.Lcd.setTextFont(2); //Added.
  M5.Lcd.setTextSize(2);  
  M5.Lcd.setCursor(20, 40);
  M5.Lcd.print("Air-Temp......");
  M5.Lcd.setCursor(20, 70);
  M5.Lcd.print("Air-Humi......");
  M5.Lcd.setCursor(20, 100);
  M5.Lcd.print("eCO2..........");
  M5.Lcd.setCursor(20, 130);
  M5.Lcd.print("TVOC..........");
  M5.Lcd.setCursor(20, 160);
  M5.Lcd.print("Pressure......");
  M5.Lcd.setTextColor(RED, ORANGE);
  M5.Lcd.setCursor(180, 40);
  M5.Lcd.print(myBME280.readTempC(), 2);
  M5.Lcd.print(" C");
  M5.Lcd.setCursor(180, 70);
  M5.Lcd.print(myBME280.readFloatHumidity(), 2);
  M5.Lcd.print(" %");
  M5.Lcd.setCursor(180, 100);
  M5.Lcd.print(myCCS811.getCO2());
  M5.Lcd.print(" ppm");
  M5.Lcd.setCursor(180, 130);
  M5.Lcd.print(myCCS811.getTVOC());
  M5.Lcd.print(" ppb");
  M5.Lcd.setCursor(180, 160);
  M5.Lcd.print(psiPressure);
  M5.Lcd.print(" psi");
  getSensor();
  for(int x=0; x<=3; x++)
  {
   Beep();
   delay(200); 
  }
  delay(100);
}

void splash_exit() //OK.
{
  M5.Lcd.fillScreen(NAVY);
  M5.Lcd.setTextColor(WHITE, NAVY);
  M5.Lcd.setTextFont(2); //Added.
  M5.Lcd.setTextSize(2);  
  M5.Lcd.setCursor(40, 80);
  M5.Lcd.print(" BYE! & Take Care. ");
  DingDong();
  M5.Lcd.setCursor(0, 120);
  M5.Lcd.print(" Syncing data to AWS...");
  //initTime();
  //printLocalTime();
  //M5.Lcd.setCursor(160, 180);
  //M5.Lcd.print("4:27");
  //M5.Lcd.print(&timeinfo, "%H:%M");
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void getSensor()
{
//Check to see if data is available
  if (myCCS811.dataAvailable())
  {
    //Calling this function updates the global tVOC and eCO2 variables
    myCCS811.readAlgorithmResults();
    //printInfoSerial fetches the values of tVOC and eCO2
    printInfoSerial();

    float BMEtempC = myBME280.readTempC();
    float BMEhumid = myBME280.readFloatHumidity();
//    Serial.print("Applying new values (deg C, %): ");
//    Serial.print(BMEtempC);
//    Serial.print(",");
//    Serial.println(BMEhumid);
//    Serial.println();

    //This sends the temperature data to the CCS811
    myCCS811.setEnvironmentalData(BMEhumid, BMEtempC);
  }
//  else if (myCCS811.checkForStatusError())
//  {
//    //If the CCS811 found an internal error, print it.
//    printSensorError();
//  }  
}


//---------------------------------------------------------------
void printInfoSerial()
{
  //getCO2() gets the previously read data from the library
  Serial.println("CCS811 data:");
  Serial.print(" CO2 concentration : ");
  Serial.print(myCCS811.getCO2());
  Serial.println(" ppm");

  //getTVOC() gets the previously read data from the library
  Serial.print(" TVOC concentration : ");
  Serial.print(myCCS811.getTVOC());
  Serial.println(" ppb");

  Serial.println("BME280 data:");
  Serial.print(" Temperature: ");
  Serial.print(myBME280.readTempC(), 2);
  Serial.println(" degrees C");

  Serial.print(" %RH: ");
  Serial.print(myBME280.readFloatHumidity(), 2);
  Serial.println(" %");

  Serial.print(" Pressure: ");
  Serial.print(myBME280.readFloatPressure(), 2);
  Serial.println(" Pa");
  psiPressure = myBME280.readFloatPressure()*psiMult;
  Serial.print(psiPressure);
  Serial.println(" psi");
  Serial.println();
}
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//printDriverError decodes the CCS811Core::status type and prints the
//type of error to the serial terminal.
//
//Save the return value of any function of type CCS811Core::status, then pass
//to this function to see what the output was.
/*
void printDriverError( CCS811Core::status errorCode )
{
  switch ( errorCode )
  {
    case CCS811Core::SENSOR_SUCCESS:
      Serial.print("SUCCESS");
      break;
    case CCS811Core::SENSOR_ID_ERROR:
      Serial.print("ID_ERROR");
      break;
    case CCS811Core::SENSOR_I2C_ERROR:
      Serial.print("I2C_ERROR");
      break;
    case CCS811Core::SENSOR_INTERNAL_ERROR:
      Serial.print("INTERNAL_ERROR");
      break;
    case CCS811Core::SENSOR_GENERIC_ERROR:
      Serial.print("GENERIC_ERROR");
      break;
    default:
      Serial.print("Unspecified error.");
  }
}
//printSensorError gets, clears, then prints the errors
//saved within the error register.
void printSensorError()
{
  uint8_t error = myCCS811.getErrorRegister();
  if ( error == 0xFF ) //comm error
  {
    Serial.println("Failed to get ERROR_ID register.");
  }
  else
  {
    Serial.print("Error: ");
    if (error & 1 << 5) Serial.print("HeaterSupply");
    if (error & 1 << 4) Serial.print("HeaterFault");
    if (error & 1 << 3) Serial.print("MaxResistance");
    if (error & 1 << 2) Serial.print("MeasModeInvalid");
    if (error & 1 << 1) Serial.print("ReadRegInvalid");
    if (error & 1 << 0) Serial.print("MsgInvalid");
    Serial.println();
  }
}
*/
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void SpeakInit(void)
{
  M5.Axp.SetSpkEnable(true);
  InitI2SSpeakOrMic(MODE_SPK);
}

void DingDong(void)
{
  size_t bytes_written = 0;
  i2s_write(Speak_I2S_NUMBER, previewR, 120264, &bytes_written, portMAX_DELAY);
}

void Beep(void)
{
  size_t bytes_written = 0;
  i2s_write(Speak_I2S_NUMBER, bibiSig, 8820, &bytes_written, portMAX_DELAY);
}
/*
void runPFT()
{
  delay(period);
  Meter->tick(period);
  Serial.println("Currently " + String(Meter->getCurrentFlowrate()) + " l/min, " + String(Meter->getTotalVolume())+ " l total.");
}
*/
void runPFTAdv()
{
  delay(period);
  Meter->tick(period);
  if((Meter->getCurrentFlowrate()/60.0f) > EOTI)
    {
      pftRun = true;
      Serial.println("Test in Progress...");
//      Serial.print(Meter->getTotalDuration()/1000);
//      Serial.println("sec");
//      Serial.print(Meter->getCurrentFrequency());
//      Serial.println("cycles");
//      Serial.print((Meter->getCurrentFlowrate()/60.0f));
//      Serial.println("litre/sec");
//      Serial.print(Meter->getCurrentVolume());
//      Serial.println("lt");
//      Serial.print(Meter->getTotalVolume());
//      Serial.println("litres");    
//      Serial.println(); 

//      if ( ((Meter->getTotalDuration()/1000) / (Meter->getTotalDuration()/1000)) == 1 )
//      {
//      Serial.println("1 second stats: ");
//      Serial.print((Meter->getCurrentFlowrate()/60.0f));
//      Serial.print("litre/sec,    ");
//      Serial.print(Meter->getCurrentVolume());
//      Serial.print("lt,   ");
//      Serial.print(Meter->getTotalVolume());
//      Serial.println("litres");    
//      }
    }
    else
    {
      pftRun = false;
      Serial.println("No test..."); 
    }
}

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/*
void printLocalTime()
{
  struct tm timeinfo;
  if(!getLocalTime(&timeinfo)){
    Serial.println("Failed to obtain time");
    return;
  }
  Serial.println(&timeinfo, "%A, %B %d %Y %H:%M:%S");
}
void initTime()
{
  Serial.printf("Connecting to %s ", ssid);
  WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
      delay(500);
      Serial.print(".");
  }
  Serial.println(" CONNECTED");
  
  //init and get the time
  configTime(gmtOffset_sec, daylightOffset_sec, ntpServer);
  printLocalTime();
  //disconnect WiFi as it's no longer needed
  WiFi.disconnect(true);
  WiFi.mode(WIFI_OFF);
}
*/
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

// AWS Connection Function
void connectToAWSIoT() {
  // Adding the IoT Certificates for our AWS IoT Thing
  net.setCACert(AWS_ROOT_CA_CERT);
  net.setCertificate(AWS_CLIENT_CERT);
  net.setPrivateKey(AWS_PRIVATE_KEY);
// Associating the Endpoint and Port Number
  client.begin(AWS_IOT_ENDPOINT, 8883, net);
// Setting up Retry Count
  int retries = 0;
  Serial.print("Connecting to AWS IOT");
// Attempting Connection in While Loop
  while (!client.connect(DEVICE_NAME) && retries < AWS_MAX_RECONNECT_TRIES) {
    Serial.print(".");
    delay(100);
    retries++;
  }
// Setup If Else Statement to handle connections and failures. 
  if(!client.connected()){
    Serial.println("Connected to AWS!");
    Serial.println("AWS Timed Out!");
    return;
  } else {
    Serial.println("Connected to AWS!");
    Serial.println("Connected to AWS IoT Thing!");
    // Subscribe to the AWS IoT Device 
    client.subscribe(AWS_IOT_SUBSCRIBE_TOPIC);
  }
}
// End of Function
//------------------------------------------------------
// Connection to Wifi Function
void connectToWifi() {
  Serial.print("Connecting to Wifi");
  // In order to connect to an existing network we need to utilize station mode. 
  WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);
  
  // Connect to the Network Using SSID and Pass. 
  WiFi.begin(WIFI_NETWORK, WIFI_PASS);
// Store the time it takes for Wifi to connect. 
  unsigned long startAttemptTime = millis();
// The While loop utilize the Wifi Status to check if its connect as well as makes sure that the timeout was not reached. 
  while(WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED && millis() - startAttemptTime < WIFI_TIMEOUT_MS){   
    Serial.print(".");
    
    // Deply so this while loop does not run so fasts. 
    delay(100);
  }
if(WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED){
    Serial.println("Failed to Connect to Wifi");
    esp_deep_sleep_start();
  } else {
    Serial.println(" Connected!");
    Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
  }
  
}
// End Function
//////////////////////////////////////////
void enablePacketCapture()
{
  float temperature = myBME280.readTempC();
  Serial.println(temperature); 
  float humidity = myBME280.readFloatHumidity();
  Serial.println(humidity);

  Serial.println("Temp/Humidity");
  Serial.print(temperature);
  Serial.print(" / ");
  Serial.println(humidity);
  StaticJsonDocument<200> doc;
  doc["temperature"] = temperature;
  doc["humidity"] = humidity;
  
  char jsonBuffer[512];
  serializeJson(doc, jsonBuffer); // print to client
  client.publish(AWS_IOT_PUBLISH_TOPIC, jsonBuffer);
}
// End of Function

Credits

Shivam Kumar Tiwari

1 project • 4 followers

1. Currently Working as Junior Engineer (C& I) at UPRVUNL 2.Worked as PCB Design Engineer for 6Y At ACME DIGITEK SOLUTION PVT LTD.

Night R

16 projects • 50 followers

R&D Engineer @ IoT Solutions Provider, Robotics Engineer @ SIS Corp., Passionate for Hardware hacking, 12+ years experience in programming..

Thanks to Richard Johnston and Sebastian Kraus.

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Things used in this project

Hardware components

Software apps and online services

Hand tools and fabrication machines

Story

Background

Rare-Demonstration

Custom parts and enclosures

Spir-O :: Mechanical

Spir-O :: Mechanical

Spir-O :: Mechanical

Schematics

Sensor-Block connection to M5Stack

Spir-O :: Electronics

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Shivam Kumar Tiwari

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