Published July 11, 2019 © GPL3+

MeteoStation + Telegram bot + SQLite3

This is a simple weather station that can measure PM 1.0, PM 2.5, PM 10.0, CO2, TVOC, humidity, pressure, and temperature.

IntermediateShowcase (no instructions)2,627

Things used in this project

Hardware components

Seeed Studio HM3301

Adafruit BMP280

SparkFun Air Quality Breakout - CCS811

DFRobot Gravity:SHT1x Humidity and Temperature Sensor

Raspberry Pi 3 Model B

Software apps and online services

Raspberry Pi Raspbian

Story

Introduction

Living in Almaty, Kazakhstan, it is obvious that clean air is a scarcity. Looking over a balcony you could see a large cloud of smog hovering over the city. The discomfort from walking in such a polluted city urged me to create a compact device that can measure the air quality of a region. This device became the MeteoStation. The device works by collecting data from four different sensors and then saving it to an SQLite database.

Uses

The MeteoStation can be attached in your home, in your office, or anywhere in particular where you can find a power source. The data that it is collected can easily be monitored and analyzed.

This is a small website that I built to visualize the data. I used Chart.js to graph the charts below.

You can also use various bot APIs to output the data. I built a simple Telegram bot that posts weather data to a chat on queue.

Possible Issues

One problem that I encountered whilst working on this project was that the HM3301 and SHT20 share the same I2C address. This was a problem because, out of the box, Raspberry Pi 3 has only one accessible I2C bus (i2c-1). To fix this issue, I needed to access the hidden I2C bus that is used for the built-in video controller (i2c-0). This can be achieved by adding this line in /boot/config.txt:

dtparam=i2c_vc=on

Another problem that I stumbled on was that the CCS811 sensor can only read data if the I2C bus is configured to a certain baud rate. To fix this problem I added this line in /boot/config.txt:

dtparam=i2c_arm_baudrate=50000

Lastly, I discovered that the CCS811 sensor needs to be periodically reset in order for it to collect the most accurate data. To address this issue, I programmed a method in the ccs811_linux repository that resets the sensor, and I also added a command line option that would reset the sensor before executing which can be found attached below in runner.cpp.

Additional Information

Since the device is intended to be mounted somewhere, it is strongly advised that your Raspberry Pi is also connected to the internet. A good tutorial on how to setup Wi-Fi on the Raspberry Pi 3 can be found here:

https://www.makeuseof.com/tag/setup-wi-fi-bluetooth-raspberry-pi-3/

#include <getopt.h>
#include <sstream>
#include <ctime>
#include <sqlite3.h>

#include "bmp280.h"
#include "ccs811.h"
#include "hm3301.h"
#include "sht20.h"

using namespace std;

const char*     DB_FILE( "/var/lib/sqlite3/meteo.db" );

static struct option LONGOPTIONS_[] = 
{
    { "reset",          no_argument,    nullptr, 'r' },
    { "environment",    no_argument,    nullptr, 'e' },
    { "help",           no_argument,    nullptr, 'h' },
    { nullptr,          0,              nullptr,  0  }
};

int main( int argc, char* argv[] )
{
    Bmp280      bmp280( "/dev/i2c-1", 0x77 );
    Ccs811      ccs811( "/dev/i2c-1", 0x5A );
    Hm3301      hm3301( "/dev/i2c-0", 0x40 );
    Sht20       sht20( "/dev/i2c-1", 0x40 );
    string      progname( argv[0] );
    int         opt;

    bmp280.readData();
    ccs811.readData();
    hm3301.readData();
    sht20.readData();

    while ( (opt = getopt_long(argc,argv,"reh",LONGOPTIONS_,nullptr)) != -1 )
    {
        switch ( opt )
        {
            case 'r':

                ccs811.reset();

            break;

            case 'e':

                ccs811.setEnvironmentalData( sht20.humidity(), sht20.temperature() );

            break;
            
            case 'h':
            default:

            cout << 
            "Usage: " << progname << " [options]\n"
            "\t-r --reset\t\tReset CCS811\n"
            "\t-e --humidity\t\tSet environmental data\n"
            "\t-h --help \t\tPrint help message\n";

            return EXIT_SUCCESS;
        }
    }

    sqlite3*    db;

    if ( sqlite3_open(DB_FILE, &db) )
    {
        cerr << "Cannot open database" << endl;
    }

    stringstream    sql;

    sql << "INSERT INTO meteo VALUES ("; 
    sql << time(nullptr) << ", "; 
    sql << dec << bmp280.temperature() << ", "; 
    sql << sht20.humidity() << ", "; 
    sql << dec << bmp280.pressure() << ", ";
    sql << ccs811.co2() << ", ";
    sql << ccs811.tvoc() << ", ";
    sql << hm3301.spm010() << ", ";
    sql << hm3301.spm025() << ", ";
    sql << hm3301.spm100() << ");";

    cout << sql.str() << endl;


    sqlite3_exec( db, sql.str().c_str(), nullptr, nullptr, nullptr );

    /*cout << "Temperature: " << dec << bmp280.temperature() << " C" << endl;
    cout << "Pressure: " << dec << bmp280.pressure() << endl; 
    cout << "CO2: " << ccs811.co2() << endl;
    cout << "TVOC: " << ccs811.tvoc() << endl;
    cout << "Humidity: " << sht20.humidity() << "%" << endl;
    cout << "Standard PM1.0\t" << hm3301.spm010() << endl;
    cout << "Standard PM2.5\t" << hm3301.spm025() << endl;
    cout << "Standard PM10\t" << hm3301.spm100() << endl;*/
}

//meteo_bot.js

const Telegraf = require('telegraf')
const Sqlite3 = require('sqlite3-arm')

let bot = new Telegraf(process.env.TELEGRAM_API_TOKEN)

let db = new Sqlite3.Database('/var/lib/sqlite3/meteo.db', (err) => {
    if (err) {
        throw err
    }
    console.log('Connected to database')
})

let sql = 'SELECT * FROM meteo WHERE time = (SELECT MAX(time) FROM meteo)'

var press, humidity, co2, tvoc, pm010, pm025, pm100

var data = new Array(8)

function update_data() {
    db.get(sql, [], (err, row) => {
        if (err) {
            throw err
        }
        data[0] = row.temperature
        data[1] = row.pressure
        data[2] = row.humidity
        data[3] = row.co2
        data[4] = row.tvoc
        data[5] = row.pm010
        data[6] = row.pm025
        data[7] = row.pm100
        console.log(data)
        console.log(row)
    })
}

let help_message = 'This is MeteoStation Bot developed by Omar Almatov.\n\n' + 
                   'Here is a list of all commands:\n\n' +
                   '/help - list of commands\n' +
                   '/temperature - displays temperature\n' +
                   '/pressure - displays pressure\n' +
                   '/humidity - displays humidity\n' +
                   '/co2 - displays CO2\n' +
                   '/tvoc - displays TVOC\n' +
                   '/pm - displays standard particulate matter concentration\n\n' +
                   'All data is only relevant to Almaty, Kazakhstan'

bot.command('/help', (ctx) => ctx.reply(help_message))
bot.command('/start', (ctx) => ctx.reply(help_message))
bot.command('/info', (ctx) => ctx.reply(help_message))
bot.command('/temperature', (ctx) => {
    update_data()
    ctx.reply('Temperature is ' +  data[0] + ' degrees Celcius')
})
bot.command('/pressure', (ctx) => { 
    update_data()
    ctx.reply('Pressure is ' + data[1] + ' hPa')
})
bot.command('/humidity', (ctx) => {
    update_data()
    ctx.reply('humidity is ' + data[2] + ' %')
})
bot.command('/co2', (ctx) => {
    update_data()
    ctx.reply('CO2 levels are ' + data[3] + ' (ppm)')
})
bot.command('/tvoc', (ctx) => {
    update_data()
    ctx.reply('TVOC levels are ' + data[4] + ' (ppm)')
})
bot.command('/pm', (ctx) => {
    update_data()
    ctx.reply('PM 1.0 concentration is ' + data[5] + ' u3/mg\n' +
              'PM 2.5 concentration is ' + data[6] + ' u3/mg\n' +
              'PM 10.0 concentration is ' + data[7] + ' u3/mg\n')
})

update_data()
bot.launch()

Credits

Omar Almatov

1 project • 0 followers

MeteoStation + Telegram bot + SQLite3

Things used in this project

Hardware components

Software apps and online services

Story

Introduction

Uses

Possible Issues

Additional Information

Code

meteo_sqlite3.cpp

meteo_bot.js

BMP280

HM3301

CCS811

SHT20

Credits

Omar Almatov

Comments

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MeteoStation + Telegram bot + SQLite3

MeteoStation + Telegram bot + SQLite3

Things used in this project

Hardware components

Software apps and online services

Story

Introduction

Uses

Possible Issues

Additional Information

Code

meteo_sqlite3.cpp

meteo_bot.js

BMP280

HM3301

CCS811

SHT20

Credits

Omar Almatov

Comments

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