glennedi
Published © GPL3+

Ternary Chord Keyboard

Accukey lives!

IntermediateFull instructions provided6,440
Ternary Chord Keyboard

Things used in this project

Hardware components

Arduino Micro
Arduino Micro
×1
5 volt LED
The type with the in built resistor.
×4
6 mm push-button switch
×16
.1 inch header socket (17 way)
×2
USB cable (Micro B)
×1

Software apps and online services

Arduino IDE
Arduino IDE

Story

Read more

Schematics

Circuit diagram

Eagle board and schematic (zip)

Code

The software

C/C++
#include <Keyboard.h>
//
//left buttons
#define button_1 5
#define button_2 6
#define button_3 7
#define button_4 8
#define button_9  SCK
#define button_10 MISO
#define button_11 A5
#define button_12 A4

//right buttons
#define button_5 9
#define button_6 10
#define button_7 11
#define button_8 12//A1
#define button_13 A3
#define button_14 A2
#define button_15 A1//12
#define button_16 A0

#define caps_lock_led MOSI
#define ctrl_led  1
//alt has not been coded into table 
#define alt_led  0
//On my original pcb I wired fn_led to pin TX, which I couldn't get to work
#define fn_led 4 


//from patent 4,775,225 (modified)-
//Notes: 
//Patent table 3, which I used to create the table below, lists g twice and ommits 6
//Patent tables 1 & 2 list 6 as occuring at 0001 0010 (sw4_t and sw7_t), the other g is in its correct place
//Placement of ! and ? is transposed in table 3 compared to tables 1 and 2 - I chose to follow table 3
//Tables 1 and 2 list both numbers 3 and 5 as code 2000 0001 - where 2 means switch pressed away from you and 1 is switch toward you
//From table 3
//3 is code 2000 0001
//5 is code 2000 0002
//I have redesignated uppercase(UC) and lowercase(LC)
//code 0010 2000 used for shift
//code 0020 1000 used for caps lock
//
//Warning on char codes
//Characters are sent as if from a US keyboard
//Characters change if receiving computer is not set up for US keyboard
//Example:
//In my case:
//@ becomes "
//" becomes @
//# becomes 
//See:
//https://forum.arduino.cc/index.php?topic=428331.0
//Retrieved 28/Dec/2017

const unsigned char key_table[8][8]{'j','m','y','0','(','+','2','4',
                                    'k','p','z','1',')','"','3','5',
                                    ',',';','$','@','\t',194,'\'','%',//F1  escape(\) required to allow character ' in table  
                                    '.',':','#','*',128,195,'=','\b',//CT F2 
                                    'u',129,'o','n','-','?','q','w',//LC as shift
                                    193,'\n','i','s','!','/','v','x',//UC as caps lock
                                    ' ','t','h','d','6','8','b','f',
                                    'e','a','r','l','7','9','c','g'};
//end - from patent 4,775,225 (modified)

//required to debounce switch
#define MAX_CHECKS 10
//for right hand
volatile uint8_t Debounced_State=0;//accessed by isr and main loop code
uint8_t State[MAX_CHECKS]={0};
uint8_t Index=0;

//for left hand
volatile uint8_t left_Debounced_State=0;//accessed by isr and main loop code
uint8_t left_State[MAX_CHECKS]={0};
uint8_t left_Index=0;

// the setup function runs once when you press reset or power the board
void setup() {

          pinMode(button_1,INPUT_PULLUP);
          pinMode(button_2,INPUT_PULLUP);
          pinMode(button_3,INPUT_PULLUP);
          pinMode(button_4,INPUT_PULLUP);
          pinMode(button_5,INPUT_PULLUP);
          pinMode(button_6,INPUT_PULLUP);
          pinMode(button_7,INPUT_PULLUP);
          pinMode(button_8,INPUT_PULLUP);
          
          pinMode(button_9,INPUT_PULLUP);
          pinMode(button_10,INPUT_PULLUP);
          pinMode(button_11,INPUT_PULLUP);
          pinMode(button_12,INPUT_PULLUP);
          pinMode(button_13,INPUT_PULLUP);
          pinMode(button_14,INPUT_PULLUP);
          pinMode(button_15,INPUT_PULLUP);
          pinMode(button_16,INPUT_PULLUP);

//led setup
          pinMode(caps_lock_led,OUTPUT);
          pinMode(ctrl_led,OUTPUT);
          pinMode(alt_led,OUTPUT);
          pinMode(fn_led,OUTPUT);

//test led's
          digitalWrite(caps_lock_led,HIGH);
          digitalWrite(ctrl_led,HIGH);
          digitalWrite(alt_led,HIGH);
          digitalWrite(fn_led,HIGH);
          delay(1000);
          digitalWrite(caps_lock_led,LOW);
          digitalWrite(ctrl_led,LOW);
          digitalWrite(alt_led,LOW);
          digitalWrite(fn_led,LOW);          

    // initialize timer1 
  noInterrupts();           // disable all interrupts
  TCCR1A = 0;
  TCCR1B = 0;
  TCNT1  = 0;

  OCR1A = 625;              // compare match register  16MHX/256/100HZ 
  TCCR1B |= (1 << WGM12);   // CTC mode
  TCCR1B |= (1 << CS12);    // 256 prescaler 
  TIMSK1 |= (1 << OCIE1A);  // enable timer compare interrupt
  interrupts();             // enable all interrupts


// initialize control over the keyboard:
Keyboard.begin();
  
}

// the loop function runs over and over again forever
void loop() {

static bool do_character=false;
static bool button_up=false;
static bool chord_ready=false;
static bool ctrl_key=false;
static bool caps_lock_key=false;
static bool shift_key=false;
static bool alt_key=false;
int DOWN=0;
int ACROSS=0;

static int RHAND=0;
static int LHAND=0;

    noInterrupts();           // disable all interrupts
if (Debounced_State && left_Debounced_State){RHAND=Debounced_State;LHAND=left_Debounced_State;chord_ready=true;}//store chord and flag as ready
if (!Debounced_State || !left_Debounced_State){if(chord_ready){button_up=true;}}    
    interrupts();             // enable all interrupts



if(button_up && chord_ready)
{
chord_ready=false;
button_up=false;
do_character=true;

//from patent 4,775,225 (modified)  
//'BYTES FROM "DEVICE"
//The original binary values have been inverted
   if (RHAND==128){DOWN=0;}
   if (RHAND==64){DOWN=1;}
   if (RHAND==32){DOWN=2;}                  //CONVERT BYTE VALUE TO INDEX
   if (RHAND==16){DOWN=3;}                  //VALUE FOR LEFT HAND
   if (RHAND==8){DOWN=4;}
   if (RHAND==4){DOWN=5;}
   if (RHAND==2){DOWN=6;}
   if (RHAND==1){DOWN=7;}
   if (LHAND==128){ACROSS=0;}
   if (LHAND==64){ACROSS=1;}
   if (LHAND==32){ACROSS=2;}
   if (LHAND==16){ACROSS=3;}                  //CONVERT BYTE VALUE TO INDEX
   if (LHAND==8){ACROSS=4;}                  //VALUE FOR RIGHT HAND
   if (LHAND==4){ACROSS=5;}   
   if (LHAND==2){ACROSS=6;}
   if (LHAND==1){ACROSS=7;}
//READ CHARACTER FROM TABLE
//end - from patent 4,775,225 (modified)
//NOTE DOWN & ACROSS have default values of zero if no match
//Example press 2 right hand keys(DOWN) and s4_a(ACROSS) gives letter m(DOWN=0;ACROSS=1)
}

if (do_character) 
{
  do_character=false;

  switch (key_table[ACROSS][DOWN]){
    
    //control key
    case 128: ctrl_key=true;digitalWrite(ctrl_led,HIGH);break;

    //caps lock key
    case 193:caps_lock_key=!caps_lock_key;
              if(caps_lock_key){digitalWrite(caps_lock_led,HIGH);}
                  else{digitalWrite(caps_lock_led,LOW);}break;//toggle caps lock key

    //shift key              
    case 129:shift_key=true;digitalWrite(caps_lock_led,HIGH);break;              
                  
    default : if(!ctrl_key && !caps_lock_key && !shift_key){Keyboard.write((unsigned char)key_table[ACROSS][DOWN]);}
    
              if(ctrl_key)//control key only
              {Keyboard.press(128);//control on
               Keyboard.press((unsigned char)key_table[ACROSS][DOWN]);
               Keyboard.releaseAll();//control off
               ctrl_key=false;
               digitalWrite(ctrl_led,LOW);} 
                        
              if(shift_key && !caps_lock_key)//shift only
              {Keyboard.press(129);//shift on
               Keyboard.press((unsigned char)key_table[ACROSS][DOWN]);
               Keyboard.releaseAll();//shift off
               shift_key=false;
               digitalWrite(caps_lock_led,LOW);}
                 
              if(caps_lock_key && !shift_key)//caps lock only
              {
               if (isAlpha((unsigned char)key_table[ACROSS][DOWN]))
               {
                Keyboard.press(129);
                Keyboard.press((unsigned char)key_table[ACROSS][DOWN]);
                Keyboard.releaseAll();
                }
               else
               {
                Keyboard.press((unsigned char)key_table[ACROSS][DOWN]);
                Keyboard.releaseAll();
                }
                } 
                                                            
              if(shift_key && caps_lock_key)//shift and caps lock
              { if (isAlpha((unsigned char)key_table[ACROSS][DOWN]))
                {
                Keyboard.press((unsigned char)key_table[ACROSS][DOWN]);
                Keyboard.releaseAll();
                shift_key=false;
                }
              else
                {
                Keyboard.press(129);//shift on
                Keyboard.press((unsigned char)key_table[ACROSS][DOWN]);
                Keyboard.releaseAll();//shift off
                shift_key=false;
                }
                }break;
                                      
    }

}


}


//my_functions
ISR(TIMER1_COMPA_vect)          // timer compare interrupt service routine
{
//
//read buttons
  uint8_t temp=0x00;
  uint8_t left_temp=0x00;
  
  left_temp|=!digitalRead(button_1)<<6;left_temp|=!digitalRead(button_9)<<7;
  left_temp|=!digitalRead(button_2)<<4;left_temp|=!digitalRead(button_10)<<5;
  left_temp|=!digitalRead(button_3)<<2;left_temp|=!digitalRead(button_11)<<3;
  left_temp|=!digitalRead(button_4)<<0;left_temp|=!digitalRead(button_12)<<1;
  
  temp|=!digitalRead(button_5)<<6;temp|=!digitalRead(button_13)<<7;
  temp|=!digitalRead(button_6)<<4;temp|=!digitalRead(button_14)<<5;
  temp|=!digitalRead(button_7)<<2;temp|=!digitalRead(button_15)<<3;
  temp|=!digitalRead(button_8)<<0;temp|=!digitalRead(button_16)<<1;
            
//debounce
  uint8_t i,j;

//for right hand
  State[Index]= temp;
  ++Index;
  j=0xFF;
  for (i=0;i<MAX_CHECKS;i++){j=j&State[i];}
  Debounced_State=j;
  if(Index>=MAX_CHECKS){Index=0;} 

//for left hand left_
  left_State[left_Index]= left_temp;
  ++left_Index;
  j=0xFF;
  for (i=0;i<MAX_CHECKS;i++){j=j&left_State[i];}
  left_Debounced_State=j;
  if(left_Index>=MAX_CHECKS){left_Index=0;}
}
//-----------end------------  

Credits

glennedi

glennedi

5 projects • 23 followers

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