Ajeeth Dhoni
Published © GPL3+

Human Heart Simulation with arrhythmia using Electronics

A Simple working human heart model with electronics for visualization of arrhythmia.

AdvancedWork in progress20 days310
Human Heart Simulation with arrhythmia using Electronics

Things used in this project

Hardware components

Arduino UNO
Arduino UNO
×2
LED (generic)
LED (generic)
×22
Resistor 100 ohm
Resistor 100 ohm
×6
Resistor 220 ohm
Resistor 220 ohm
×1
SG90 Micro-servo motor
SG90 Micro-servo motor
×4
Single Turn Potentiometer- 10k ohms
Single Turn Potentiometer- 10k ohms
×1
Rotary Potentiometer, 250 kohm
Rotary Potentiometer, 250 kohm
×1
Slide Switch
Slide Switch
×2
RGB Backlight LCD - 16x2
Adafruit RGB Backlight LCD - 16x2
×1

Software apps and online services

Arduino IDE
Arduino IDE

Story

Read more

Schematics

Schematics

Code

Code for Heart model

Arduino
Program 1:

#include <Servo.h>
Servo mitral;
Servo tricuspid;
Servo pulmonic;
Servo aortic;
int menu;
int exit1;
int tachy;
void setup()
{  
  Serial.begin(9600);
  mitral.attach(11);
  tricuspid.attach(10);
  pulmonic.attach(5);
  aortic.attach(9);
  pinMode(2, OUTPUT); //SA
  pinMode(3, OUTPUT); //AV
  pinMode(4, OUTPUT); //His bundle
  pinMode(7, OUTPUT); //Right network
  pinMode(6, OUTPUT); //Left network
  pinMode(A1, INPUT); //Menu
  pinMode(A5, INPUT); //Exit
  pinMode(12,INPUT);
}
void loop()
{
  menu = analogRead(A1);
  exit1 = analogRead(A5);
  tachy = digitalRead(12);
  //Serial.println(tachy);
  //Serial.println(exit1);  
  //Serial.println(menu);
  if (exit1 == 0)
  {
    Serial.println("Switch OFF");
    delay(1000);
  }
  else if (exit != 0)
  {
    if (menu >= 660) //Normal function
  	{
    	//Serial.println("Normal Sinus");
    	normal();
  	}  
  	else if (menu <= 600 and menu >= 480) // Junctional
  	{
    	//Serial.println("Junctional");
    	junctional();
  	}
  	else if (menu <= 460 and menu >= 420) // V_rhythm
  	{
   		//Serial.println("Ventricular rhythm");
    	v_rhythm();
  	}
    else if (menu <= 350 and menu >= 310) //Pulseless 
    {
        PEA(); 
    }
    else if (menu <= 260 and menu >= 170) //I degree
    {
      Frst_deg();
    }
    else if (menu <= 140 and menu >= 60) //II Degree
    {
      Sec_deg();
    }
    else if (menu <= 50 and menu >= 0) //III Degree
    {
      CHB();
    }
  }
}
int normal()
{
  mitral.write(0);
  tricuspid.write(0);pulmonic.write(0);
  aortic.write(0);
  digitalWrite(2, HIGH);
  delay(300);
  digitalWrite(2,LOW); 
  digitalWrite(3, HIGH);
  mitral.write(90);tricuspid.write(90);
  delay(1000);
  digitalWrite(3,LOW);
  mitral.write(0);
  tricuspid.write(0);pulmonic.write(90);
  aortic.write(90);  
  delay(600);
  digitalWrite(4, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(6, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(7, HIGH);
  delay(500);  
  pulmonic.write(0);aortic.write(0);  
  digitalWrite(4, LOW);
  digitalWrite(6, LOW);
  digitalWrite(7, LOW);  
  if (tachy == LOW)
  {
    delay(2000);
  }
  else
  {
   delay(200); 
  }
}
int junctional()
{ 
  mitral.write(0);
  tricuspid.write(0);pulmonic.write(0);
  aortic.write(0); 
  digitalWrite(2,LOW);
  digitalWrite(3, HIGH);
  mitral.write(90);tricuspid.write(90);
  delay(1500);
  digitalWrite(3,LOW);
  mitral.write(0);
  tricuspid.write(0);pulmonic.write(90);
  aortic.write(90);  
  delay(700);
  digitalWrite(4, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(6, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(7, HIGH);
  delay(500);  
  pulmonic.write(0);aortic.write(0);  
  digitalWrite(4, LOW);
  digitalWrite(6, LOW);
  digitalWrite(7, LOW);  
  if (tachy == LOW)
  {
    delay(2500);
  }
  else
  {
   delay(50); 
  }
}
int v_rhythm()
{
  mitral.write(0);
  tricuspid.write(0);pulmonic.write(0);
  aortic.write(0); 
  digitalWrite(2,LOW);
  digitalWrite(3, LOW);
  mitral.write(90);tricuspid.write(90);
  delay(300);
  digitalWrite(3,LOW);
  mitral.write(0);
  tricuspid.write(0);pulmonic.write(90);
  aortic.write(90);  
  delay(400);
  digitalWrite(4, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(6, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(7, HIGH);
  delay(300);  
  pulmonic.write(0);aortic.write(0);  
  digitalWrite(4, LOW);
  digitalWrite(6, LOW);
  digitalWrite(7, LOW); 
  if (tachy == LOW)
  {
    delay(3000);
  }
  else
  {
   delay(10); 
  }
}
int PEA()
{
  if (tachy == LOW)
  {
    mitral.write(0);
  	tricuspid.write(0);pulmonic.write(0);
    aortic.write(0);
    digitalWrite(2, HIGH);
    delay(300);
    digitalWrite(2,LOW); 
    digitalWrite(3, HIGH);
    mitral.write(0);tricuspid.write(0);
    delay(1000);
    digitalWrite(3,LOW);
    mitral.write(0);
    tricuspid.write(0);pulmonic.write(0);
    aortic.write(0);  
    delay(600);
    digitalWrite(4, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(6, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(7, HIGH);
    delay(500);  
    pulmonic.write(0);aortic.write(0);  
    digitalWrite(4, LOW);
    digitalWrite(6, LOW);
    digitalWrite(7, LOW);
    delay(2500);
  } 
  else if (tachy == HIGH)
  {
    mitral.write(0);
    tricuspid.write(0);pulmonic.write(0);
  	aortic.write(0); 
  	digitalWrite(2, LOW);
  	digitalWrite(3, LOW);
  	mitral.write(0);tricuspid.write(0);
  	//delay(500);
  	digitalWrite(3, LOW);
  	mitral.write(0);
  	tricuspid.write(0);pulmonic.write(00);
  	aortic.write(0);  
  	delay(200);
  	digitalWrite(4, HIGH);
  	digitalWrite(6, HIGH);
  	digitalWrite(7, HIGH);
  	delay(300);  
  	pulmonic.write(0);aortic.write(0);  
  	digitalWrite(4, LOW);
  	digitalWrite(6, LOW);
  	digitalWrite(7, LOW); 
    delay(10);
  }
}
int Frst_deg()
{
  mitral.write(0);
  tricuspid.write(0);pulmonic.write(0);
  aortic.write(0);
  digitalWrite(2, HIGH);
  delay(700);
  digitalWrite(2,LOW);
  delay(1500);
  digitalWrite(3, HIGH);
  mitral.write(90);tricuspid.write(90);
  delay(1000);
  digitalWrite(3,LOW);
  mitral.write(0);
  tricuspid.write(0);pulmonic.write(90);
  aortic.write(90);  
  delay(600);
  digitalWrite(4, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(6, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(7, HIGH);
  delay(500);  
  pulmonic.write(0);aortic.write(0);  
  digitalWrite(4, LOW);
  digitalWrite(6, LOW);
  digitalWrite(7, LOW); 
  delay (2000);
}
int Sec_deg()
{
  if (tachy == LOW) //Type 2
  {
    mitral.write(0);
    tricuspid.write(0);pulmonic.write(0);
    aortic.write(0);
    digitalWrite(2, HIGH);
    delay(400);
    digitalWrite(2,LOW);
    delay(500);
    digitalWrite(3, HIGH);
    delay(300);
    digitalWrite(3, LOW);
    delay(1000)
    digitalWrite(2, HIGH);
    delay(400);
    digitalWrite(2,LOW);
    delay(500);
    digitalWrite(3, HIGH);
    mitral.write(90);tricuspid.write(90);
    delay(1000);
    digitalWrite(3,LOW);
    mitral.write(0);
    tricuspid.write(0);pulmonic.write(90);
    aortic.write(90);  
    delay(600);
    digitalWrite(4, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(6, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(7, HIGH);
    delay(500);  
    pulmonic.write(0);aortic.write(0);  
    digitalWrite(4, LOW);
    digitalWrite(6, LOW);
    digitalWrite(7, LOW); 
    delay (3000);
  }
  else if (tachy == HIGH) //Type 1
  {
     int r = random(100,3000);
     Serial.println(r);
     mitral.write(0);
     tricuspid.write(0);pulmonic.write(0);
     aortic.write(0);
     digitalWrite(2, HIGH);
     delay(400);
     digitalWrite(2,LOW);
     delay(500);
     digitalWrite(3, HIGH);
     delay(300);
     digitalWrite(3, LOW);
     delay(r);
     digitalWrite(2, HIGH);
     delay(700);
     digitalWrite(2,LOW);
     delay(1500);
     digitalWrite(3, HIGH);
     delay(300);
     mitral.write(90);tricuspid.write(90);
     delay(1000);
     digitalWrite(3,LOW);
     mitral.write(0);
     tricuspid.write(0);pulmonic.write(90);
     aortic.write(90);  
     delay(600);
     digitalWrite(4, HIGH);
     digitalWrite(6, HIGH);
     digitalWrite(7, HIGH);
     delay(500);  
     pulmonic.write(0);aortic.write(0);  
     digitalWrite(4, LOW);
     digitalWrite(6, LOW);
     digitalWrite(7, LOW); 
     delay (2000);
  }
}
int CHB()
{
     int r = random(100,3000);
     Serial.println(r);
     mitral.write(0);
     tricuspid.write(0);pulmonic.write(0);
     aortic.write(0);
     digitalWrite(2, HIGH);
     delay(800);
     digitalWrite(2,LOW);
     delay(700);
     delay(r);
     if (r>2000)       
     {
       mitral.write(0);
       tricuspid.write(0);pulmonic.write(90);
       aortic.write(90); 
       delay(200);
       digitalWrite(4, HIGH);
       digitalWrite(6, HIGH);
       digitalWrite(7, HIGH);
       delay(500);  
       pulmonic.write(0);aortic.write(0);  
       digitalWrite(4, LOW);
       digitalWrite(6, LOW);
       digitalWrite(7, LOW); 
     }
     digitalWrite(3, HIGH);
     delay(700);
     digitalWrite(3, LOW);
     delay(r);
     if (r > 0 and r < 1000)
     {
       digitalWrite(2, HIGH);
       delay(400);
       digitalWrite(2,LOW);
       delay(r);
       mitral.write(0);
       tricuspid.write(0);pulmonic.write(90);
       aortic.write(90);  
       delay(600);
       digitalWrite(4, HIGH);
       digitalWrite(6, HIGH);
       digitalWrite(7, HIGH);
       delay(500);  
       pulmonic.write(0);aortic.write(0);  
       digitalWrite(4, LOW);
       digitalWrite(6, LOW);
       digitalWrite(7, LOW); 
     }
     digitalWrite(2, HIGH);
     delay(700);
     digitalWrite(2,LOW);
     delay(1500);
     digitalWrite(3, HIGH);
     delay(300);
     mitral.write(90);tricuspid.write(90);
     delay(1000);
     digitalWrite(3,LOW);
     if (r > 2000)
     {
       digitalWrite(2,HIGH);
       delay(400);
       digitalWrite(2,LOW);
       delay(r);
     }
     mitral.write(0);
     tricuspid.write(0);pulmonic.write(90);
     aortic.write(90); 
     if (r > 1000 and r < 2000)
     {
       digitalWrite(4, HIGH);
       digitalWrite(6, HIGH);
       digitalWrite(7, HIGH);
       delay(500);  
       pulmonic.write(0);aortic.write(0);  
       digitalWrite(4, LOW);
       digitalWrite(6, LOW);
       digitalWrite(7, LOW); 
     }
     delay(600);
     digitalWrite(4, HIGH);
     digitalWrite(6, HIGH);
     digitalWrite(7, HIGH);
     delay(500);  
     pulmonic.write(0);aortic.write(0);  
     digitalWrite(4, LOW);
     digitalWrite(6, LOW);
     digitalWrite(7, LOW); 
     delay (3000);
}

Program 2:

#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
LiquidCrystal lcd_1(12, 11, 5, 4, 3, 2);
int menu;
int tachy;
byte customChar_[8] = {
  0b00000,
  0b00000,
  0b00000,
  0b00000,
  0b00000,
  0b00000,
  0b11111,
  0b00000
};
byte customChar_P[8] = {
  0b00000,
  0b00000,
  0b00000,
  0b00000,
  0b00100,
  0b01110,
  0b11111,
  0b00000
};
byte customChar_qRS[8] = {
   0b00100,
   0b01100,
   0b01100,
   0b01100,
   0b01100,
   0b01100,
   0b01011,
   0b10000
};
byte customChar_T1[8] = {
  0b00000,
  0b00000,
  0b00001,
  0b00011,
  0b00111,
  0b01111,
  0b11111,
  0b00000
};
byte customChar_T2[8] = {
  0b00000,
  0b00000,
  0b00000,
  0b11000,
  0b11100,
  0b11110,
  0b11111,
  0b00000
};
byte customChar_WqRS[8] = {
  0b00100,
  0b01010,
  0b11011,
  0b11011,
  0b11011,
  0b11011,
  0b11011,
  0b00000
};
int asystole()
{
  lcd_1.setCursor(1,1);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
}
int normal()
{     
  lcd_1.setCursor(6,1); 
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)1);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)2);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)3);
  lcd_1.write((byte)4);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
} 
int Junctional()
{
  lcd_1.setCursor(6,1); 
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)2);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)3);
  lcd_1.write((byte)4);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
}
int ventricle() 
{
  lcd_1.setCursor(6,1); 
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)5);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)3);
  lcd_1.write((byte)4);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
}
int v_tach()
{
  lcd_1.setCursor(8,1); 
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)5);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)3);
  lcd_1.write((byte)4);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
}
int frst_deg()
{
  lcd_1.setCursor(6,1); 
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)1);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)2);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)3);
  lcd_1.write((byte)4);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
}
int sec_ty1()
{
  lcd_1.setCursor(1,1); 
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)1);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)2);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)3);
  lcd_1.write((byte)4);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)1);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)1);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)2);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)3);
  lcd_1.write((byte)4);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)1);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)2);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)3);
  lcd_1.write((byte)4);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
}
int sec_ty2()
{  
  lcd_1.setCursor(1,1); 
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)1);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)2);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)3);
  lcd_1.write((byte)4);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)1);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)1);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)2);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)3);
  lcd_1.write((byte)4);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)1);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)2);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)3);
  lcd_1.write((byte)4);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
}
int CHB()
{
  lcd_1.setCursor(1,1); 
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)1);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)1);
  lcd_1.write((byte)2);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)3);
  lcd_1.write((byte)4);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)2);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)3);
  lcd_1.write((byte)4);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)5);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)3);
  lcd_1.write((byte)4);
  lcd_1.write((byte)1);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)0);
  lcd_1.write((byte)1);
}
void setup()
{
  pinMode(7,INPUT);
  pinMode(A0,INPUT);
  pinMode(8,INPUT);
  Serial.begin(9600);
  lcd_1.begin(16, 2); // Set up the number of columns and rows on the LCD.
  lcd_1.createChar(0, customChar_); 
  lcd_1.createChar(1, customChar_P);
  lcd_1.createChar(2, customChar_qRS);
  lcd_1.createChar(3, customChar_T1);
  lcd_1.createChar(4, customChar_T2);
  lcd_1.createChar(5, customChar_WqRS);
}
void loop()
{ 
  tachy = digitalRead(8);
  lcd_1.setCursor(0, 0);
  if (digitalRead(7) == LOW)
  {
   lcd_1.clear();
   lcd_1.print("Switch OFF!");
   asystole();
   delay(1000);
  }
  else if (digitalRead(7) == HIGH)
  {
    menu = analogRead(A0);
    if (menu >= 660) //Normal function
  	{
      lcd_1.clear();  
      lcd_1.print("Normal Sinus");
      normal();
      if(tachy == HIGH)
      {
        lcd_1.setCursor(0, 1);
        lcd_1.print("Tachy");
        delay(1000);
      } 
      delay(1000);
  	}  
  	else if (menu <= 600 and menu >= 480) // Junctional
  	{
       lcd_1.clear();
       lcd_1.print("Junctional");
       Junctional();
       if(tachy == HIGH)
       {
         lcd_1.setCursor(0, 1);
         lcd_1.print("Tachy");
         delay(1000);
       } 
       delay(1000);
  	}
  	else if (menu <= 460 and menu >= 420) // V_rhythm
  	{
       lcd_1.clear();
       lcd_1.print("Ventr. Rhythm    ");
       ventricle();
       if(tachy == HIGH)
      {
        lcd_1.setCursor(0, 1);
        lcd_1.print("Tachy");
        v_tach();
        delay(1000);
      } 
      delay(1000);
    }
    else if (menu <= 350 and menu >= 310)
    {
      lcd_1.clear();
      lcd_1.print("Pulseless Rhythm");
      lcd_1.setCursor(0, 1);
      if (tachy == LOW)
      {
        lcd_1.print("Sinus");
        normal();
      }
      else if (tachy == HIGH)
      {
      	lcd_1.setCursor(0, 1);
      	lcd_1.print("V-Tach");
        v_tach();
      	delay(1000);
      }
      delay(1000);
    }
    else if (menu <= 260 and menu >= 170)
    {
      lcd_1.clear();
      lcd_1.print("First Degree HB");
      frst_deg();
      delay(1000);
    }
    else if (menu <= 150 and menu >= 60)
    {
      lcd_1.clear();
      if (tachy == HIGH)
      {
      	lcd_1.print("Second Degree HB Type-1");
        sec_ty1();
        for(int P = 0; P < 50; P++)
        {
    		lcd_1.scrollDisplayLeft();
    		delay(150);
    	}
      		delay(1000);
      }
      else
      {
      	lcd_1.print("Second Degree HB Type-2");
        sec_ty2();
        for(int P = 0; P < 50; P++)
        {
    		lcd_1.scrollDisplayLeft();
    		delay(300);
    	}
      	delay(1000);
       }
      delay(1000);
    }
    else if (menu <= 50 and menu >= 0)
    {
      lcd_1.clear();
      lcd_1.print("Complete HB");
      CHB();
      for(int P = 0; P < 50; P++)
      {
    	lcd_1.scrollDisplayLeft();
    	delay(150);
       }
      delay(1000);
    }
  }
}

Credits

Ajeeth Dhoni

Ajeeth Dhoni

3 projects • 2 followers
Biomedical Engineer || Arduino project creator.

Comments

Related channels and tags
  • Adafruit
  • Arduino