Published February 17, 2016 © LGPL

Automatic Vehicle Accident Alert System using AWS IoT

In vehicle accident, An alerting message which contains time and location automatically is sent to emergency agencies for relief the victim.

IntermediateFull instructions provided17,594

Second Prize

The AWS IoT Mega Contest!

Automatic Vehicle Accident Alert System using AWS IoT

Things used in this project

Hardware components

Raspberry Pi 2 Model B

GPS receiver (generic)

EW-7811Un - Edimax Wifi dongle

Push Button

USB to TTL convertor

Radio-controlled Car

Software apps and online services

Amazon Web Services AWS IoT

Amazon Web Services AWS Lambda

Amazon Web Services AWS SNS

Amazon Web Services AWS DynamoDB

Amazon Web Services AWS IAM

Real Time Framework

Story

Introduction

According to the Top 10 Causes of Death Report by CDC, Road Injuries hit in several country including my country, Thailand that 4 percent of death is a result of the vehicle accident. Frequently, the serious accidents occur at nighttime; in that case, it might be not caught sight of other people then the victim who is unable to call some emergency services by himself don’t get help at the right time. With Automatic Vehicle Accident Alert System, an alerting message which contains accident’s time and location sent automatically by the particular device embedded in a vehicle to emergency and relief agencies. So, they can rush to the accident and help the victim in time.

I use the amazing AWS IoT along with SNS, DynamoDB and Lambda for this project. AWS IoT enables communication between Internet-connected vehicle-embedded devices and the AWS cloud over MQTT. About alert services, AWS SNS is used for alerting an involved person via E-mail and Real-time Framework handle a real-time messaging task. DynomoDB is used for store accident information such as car number, time, latitude and longitude. Indispensably, AWS Lambda take a role of a manager who invokes the other services.

Additionally, I would rather make a comparison about system developing using AWS IoT and vice versa. 3 years ago when I was a college student, I developed a simply home automation system using Arduino. It took a long time because I had to set up the Apache web server for communicating with devices via HTTP. Contrariwise, this project is more thoroughly and took a little time for developing. Thus, AWS IoT provide a great environment for “Internet of Things”.

Part 1: Setup Raspberry Pi 2

Step 1: Follow all steps in the following link to setup, connect and flash the image for Raspberry Pi 2.

https://www.raspberrypi.org/help/noobs-setup/

(Cr. Raspberrypi.org)

Step 2: Download and install WiringPi

http://wiringpi.com/download-and-install/

(Cr. WiringPi)

Step 3: Set up AWS IoT C SDK

http://docs.aws.amazon.com/iot/latest/developerguide/iot-device-sdk-c.html

(Cr. Amazon)

Part 2: Create AWS Environment

Step 1: Setup the AWS IoT

Step 1.1: Login to the Amazon AWS Console. Then, select AWS IoT service.

Step 1.1

Step 1.2: Create a thing. Type a thing name and its attributes.

Step 1.2

Step 1.3: Create a certificate. Then, download all the key & certificate files.

Step 1.3

Step 1.4: Create a policy. Type a policy name and add a policy statement.

Step 1.4

Step 1.5: Activate a certificate. Then, attach a policy and a thing to the certificate.

Step 1.5

Step 1.6: Create a rule. (After Complete Step 5)

Step 1.6

Step 2: Setup the AWS DynamoDB

Step 2.1: Login to the Amazon AWS Console. Then, select AWS DynamoDB service.

Step 2.1

Step 2.2: Select Create table. Type Table name and Primary key.

Step 2.2

Step 2.3: Select Manage Stream. Choose New and old images Type.

Step 2.3

Step 3: Setup the AWS SNS

Step 3.1: Login to the Amazon AWS Console. Then, select AWS SNS service.

Step 3.1

Step 3.2: Select Create Topic. Type Topic name and Display name.

Step 3.2

Step 3.3: Create a topic’s subscription. Then, confirm it by follow the link in your E-mail.

Step 3.3

Step 4: Setup IAM Roles

Step 4.1: Login to the Amazon AWS Console. Then, select AWS IAM service.

Step 4.1

Step 4.2: Create New Users. Enter a user name. Download Credentials.

Step 4.2

Step 4.3: Select Permission. Attach Policy.

Step 4.3

Step 5: Create the Lambda Function

Step 5.1: Login to the Amazon AWS Console. Then, select AWS Lambda service.

Step 5.1

Step 5.2: Select create a Lambda function. Then, configure function. (Source file’s in the code section)

Step 5.2

Step 5.3: Add Event source.

Step 5.3

Step 5.4: Configure following Input test event. Test Lambda function.

Step 5.4

Step 5.5: It is work fine. How wonderful it is!

Step 5.5.1

Step 5.5.2

Now, AWS environment is completely ready for the system. Next, we will set up Real-time Framework.

Part 3: Setup Real-time Framework

Step 1: Register the Real-time Framework account from URL: https://realtime.co/ by using Facebook or Google Plus account.

Step 1

Step 2: Add Subscription. Select Realtime Cloud Messaging. Type Subscription name.

Step 2

Step 3: Note Application Key and Private Key (Replace it instead of my keys in Lambda Code)

Step 3

Step 4: Open Real-time console. Connect and Subscribe to “aws-iot” channel. Then test again from Lambda function.

Step 4

Part 4: Build and run the Thing’s Agent

Step 1: Download source file and make it on Raspberry Pi 2 (Source file’s in the code section)

Step 2: View the output on the Monitor

Step 2

Step 3: Verify that car number change from aa000 to wc4444

Step 3

Overall back-end system is now completely created. Then, we will go into assembling the prototype car.

Part 5: Assemble the prototype car

Step 1: Collecting the right components

Collecting the right components

Step 2: Connect all of the components

Connecting all of the components

Part 6: Test System

After I rush the prototype car with the wall, I have received following Alerting E-mail.

Alerting Email

Part 7: The Improvement for real vehicle

In order to assembly with real vehicle, this system need connecting with some crash sensors like front impact sensors and receiving a crashing signal from the sensors before invoke overall system function.

crash sensors (Cr: madehow.com)

Code

console.log('Loading function');

var AWS = require('aws-sdk');
var https = require('https');
var sns = new AWS.SNS();
var dynamodb = new AWS.DynamoDB({apiVersion: '2012-08-10'});

exports.handler = function(event, context) {
    
    var appkey = 'X3hxTR';
    var privatekey = '5GH14gELwQXH';
    var channel = 'aws-iot';

    //Prepare latitude for generating Google Map hyperlink
    var latindex = event.state.reported.latitude.indexOf('.');
    var latitude = event.state.reported.latitude.slice(0,latindex-2)+'%'+event.state.reported.latitude.slice(latindex-2,event.state.reported.latitude.length);
    console.log("Latitude : "+latitude);
    //Prepare longitude for generating Google Map hyperlink
    var longindex = event.state.reported.longitude.indexOf('.');
    var longitude = event.state.reported.longitude.slice(0,latindex-2)+'%'+event.state.reported.longitude.slice(latindex-2,event.state.reported.longitude.length);
    console.log("Longtitude : "+longitude);
    //Prepare car's crashed time
    var timestamp = new Date(event.metadata.reported.car_number.timestamp*1000);
    console.log("Date : "+timestamp.toString());
    //Generate Alerting Message 
    var head = "Unfortunately, Your registered car has been crashed. We hope the following info will be helpful for you.\r\n\r\n";
    var car_number = "Car Number : " + event.state.reported.car_number +"\r\n";
    var location = "Location : http://maps.google.com/?q=" + latitude + ',' + longitude + "\r\n";
    var date = "Date : " +  timestamp.toString() + "\r\n";
    var emergency = "Emergency Services Number: Tourist Police(1155), Police(191) and Ambulance and Rescue(1554)";
    var alerting_message = head + car_number + location + date + emergency;
    //Send Alerting Message to Real Time Application
    var postBody = "AK=" + appkey + "&PK=" + privatekey + "&C=" + channel + "&M=" + alerting_message;
    var headers = {
      'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
      'Content-Length': postBody.length
    };
    var options = {
      hostname: 'ortc-developers2-useast1-s0001.realtime.co',
      port: 443,
      path: '/send',
      method: 'POST',
      headers: headers
    };
    var req = https.request(options, function(res) {
        var body = '';
        res.setEncoding('utf8');
        res.on('data', function(chunk) {
            body += chunk;
        });
        res.on('end', function() {
            if(res.statusCode==201) {
                console.log('Message sent successfully to Realtime');
            } else {
                console.log('Error sending message to Realtime. Description: ', 
                body);
            }
            context.succeed(body);
        });
    });
    req.on('error', context.fail);
    req.write(postBody);
    req.end();
    //Send Alerting Message to SNS (Email)
    sns.publish({
        TopicArn: "arn:aws:sns:us-east-1:899237566099:carCrashSNS",
        Message: alerting_message
    }, function(err, data) {
        if(err) {
            console.error('error publishing to SNS');
            context.fail(err);
        } else {
            console.info('message published to SNS');
            context.done(null, data);
        }
    });
    //Insert Alerting information to DynamoDB
    var tableName = "CARCRASH_DB";
    dynamodb.putItem({
        "TableName": tableName,
        "Item" : {
            "CAR_NUMBER": {"S": event.state.reported.car_number },
            "DATE": {"S": timestamp.toString()},
            "LATITUDE": {"S": latitude },
            "LONGTITUDE": {"S": longitude }
        }
    }, function(err, data) {
        if (err) {
            context.done('error','putting item into dynamodb failed: '+err);
        }
        else {
            console.log('success: '+JSON.stringify(data, null, '  '));
        }
    });
};

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <memory.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include "aws_iot_log.h"
#include "aws_iot_version.h"
#include "aws_iot_shadow_interface.h"
#include "aws_iot_shadow_json_data.h"
#include "aws_iot_config.h"
#include "aws_iot_mqtt_interface.h"
#include <wiringPi.h>
#include <string.h>

void ShadowUpdateStatusCallback(const char *pThingName, ShadowActions_t action, Shadow_Ack_Status_t status,
                const char *pReceivedJsonDocument, void *pContextData) {

        if (status == SHADOW_ACK_TIMEOUT) {
                INFO("Update Timeout--");
        } else if (status == SHADOW_ACK_REJECTED) {
                INFO("Update RejectedXX");
        } else if (status == SHADOW_ACK_ACCEPTED) {
                INFO("Update Accepted !");
        }
}

char certDirectory[PATH_MAX + 1] = "../../certs";
char HostAddress[255] = AWS_IOT_MQTT_HOST;
uint32_t port = AWS_IOT_MQTT_PORT;
uint8_t numPubs = 5;
char SERIAL_DEV[13] = "/dev/ttyUSB0";

void parseInputArgsForConnectParams(int argc, char** argv) {
        int opt;

        while (-1 != (opt = getopt(argc, argv, "h:p:c:n:"))) {
                switch (opt) {
                case 'h':
                        strcpy(HostAddress, optarg);
                        DEBUG("Host %s", optarg);
                        break;
                case 'p':
                        port = atoi(optarg);
                        DEBUG("arg %s", optarg);
                        break;
                case 'c':
                        strcpy(certDirectory, optarg);
                        DEBUG("cert root directory %s", optarg);
                        break;
                case 'n':
                        numPubs = atoi(optarg);
                        DEBUG("num pubs %s", optarg);
                        break;
                case '?':
                        if (optopt == 'c') {
                                ERROR("Option -%c requires an argument.", optopt);
                        } else if (isprint(optopt)) {
                                WARN("Unknown option `-%c'.", optopt);
                        } else {
                                WARN("Unknown option character `\\x%x'.", optopt);
                        }
                        break;
                default:
                        ERROR("ERROR in command line argument parsing");
                        break;
                }
        }

}

#define MAX_LENGTH_OF_UPDATE_JSON_BUFFER 200

int main(int argc, char** argv) {
        int gpsp;               
        int serial_read;        
        
        IoT_Error_t rc = NONE_ERROR;
        int32_t i = 0;

        MQTTClient_t mqttClient;
        aws_iot_mqtt_init(&mqttClient);

        char JsonDocumentBuffer[MAX_LENGTH_OF_UPDATE_JSON_BUFFER];
        size_t sizeOfJsonDocumentBuffer = sizeof(JsonDocumentBuffer) / sizeof(JsonDocumentBuffer[0]);
        char *pJsonStringToUpdate;

        char car_number [] = "wc4443";
        jsonStruct_t car_numberHandler;
        car_numberHandler.cb = NULL;
        car_numberHandler.pKey = "car_number";
        car_numberHandler.pData = &car_number;
        car_numberHandler.type = SHADOW_JSON_STRING;

        jsonStruct_t latiHandler;
        latiHandler.cb = NULL;
        latiHandler.pKey = "latitude";
        latiHandler.type = SHADOW_JSON_STRING;

        jsonStruct_t longiHandler;
        longiHandler.cb = NULL;
        longiHandler.pKey = "longitude";
        longiHandler.type = SHADOW_JSON_STRING;

        char rootCA[PATH_MAX + 1];
        char clientCRT[PATH_MAX + 1];
        char clientKey[PATH_MAX + 1];
        char CurrentWD[PATH_MAX + 1];
        char cafileName[] = AWS_IOT_ROOT_CA_FILENAME;
        char clientCRTName[] = AWS_IOT_CERTIFICATE_FILENAME;
        char clientKeyName[] = AWS_IOT_PRIVATE_KEY_FILENAME;

        parseInputArgsForConnectParams(argc, argv);

        INFO("\nAWS IoT SDK Version(dev) %d.%d.%d-%s\n", VERSION_MAJOR, VERSION_MINOR, VERSION_PATCH, VERSION_TAG);

        int PIN=2;
        wiringPiSetup () ;
        pinMode (PIN, INPUT) ;

        INFO("GPIO Setup using PIN : %d\n", PIN);

        getcwd(CurrentWD, sizeof(CurrentWD));
        sprintf(rootCA, "%s/%s/%s", CurrentWD, certDirectory, cafileName);
        sprintf(clientCRT, "%s/%s/%s", CurrentWD, certDirectory, clientCRTName);
        sprintf(clientKey, "%s/%s/%s", CurrentWD, certDirectory, clientKeyName);
        
        DEBUG("Using rootCA %s", rootCA);
        DEBUG("Using clientCRT %s", clientCRT);
        DEBUG("Using clientKey %s", clientKey);

        ShadowParameters_t sp = ShadowParametersDefault;
        sp.pMyThingName = AWS_IOT_MY_THING_NAME;
        sp.pMqttClientId = AWS_IOT_MQTT_CLIENT_ID;
        sp.pHost = HostAddress;
        sp.port = port;
        sp.pClientCRT = clientCRT;
        sp.pClientKey = clientKey;
        sp.pRootCA = rootCA;

        INFO("Shadow Init");
        rc = aws_iot_shadow_init(&mqttClient);

        INFO("Shadow Connect");
        rc = aws_iot_shadow_connect(&mqttClient, &sp);

        if (NONE_ERROR != rc) {
                ERROR("Shadow Connection Error %d", rc);
        }

        if (NONE_ERROR != rc) {
                ERROR("Shadow Register Delta Error");
        }
        while (NONE_ERROR == rc) {
        if(digitalRead(PIN)){
                char serial_read_char = '\0';
                char gpsmsg[2000] ;
                char lati_read[10];
                char longi_read[11];
                //GPS
                gpsp = serialOpen (SERIAL_DEV,9600);
               while(strcmp(gpsmsg,"$GPRMC")!=0){
                        serial_read = serialGetchar(gpsp);
                        serial_read_char = (char)serial_read;
                        if(serial_read_char!='$'){
                                strncat(gpsmsg,&serial_read_char,1);
                        }else{
                                memset(gpsmsg,0,2000);
                                strncat(gpsmsg,&serial_read_char,1);
                        }
                }
                while((char)serial_read!='*'){
                        serial_read = serialGetchar(gpsp);
                        serial_read_char = (char)serial_read;
                        strncat(gpsmsg,&serial_read_char,1);
                }
                DEBUG("GPS Sentense : %s",gpsmsg);
                char * pch;
                int tokcount = 1;
                pch = strtok (gpsmsg,",");
                while (pch != NULL){
                        pch = strtok (NULL, ",");
                        if(tokcount==3){
                                strcpy(lati_read,pch);
                        }else if(tokcount==5){
                                strcpy(longi_read,pch);
                        }
                        tokcount++;
                }
                DEBUG(" LATITUDE : %s      LONGITUDE : %s",lati_read,longi_read);
                latiHandler.pData = lati_read;
                longiHandler.pData = longi_read;
                rc = aws_iot_shadow_yield(&mqttClient, 200);
                INFO("\n=======================================================================================\n");
                INFO("On Device: Car Number %s", car_number);
                rc = aws_iot_shadow_init_json_document(JsonDocumentBuffer, sizeOfJsonDocumentBuffer);
                if (rc == NONE_ERROR) {
                        rc = aws_iot_shadow_add_reported(JsonDocumentBuffer, sizeOfJsonDocumentBuffer, 3,&car_numberHandler ,&latiHandler, &longiHandler);           $
                        if (rc == NONE_ERROR) {
                                rc = aws_iot_finalize_json_document(JsonDocumentBuffer, sizeOfJsonDocumentBuffer);
                                if (rc == NONE_ERROR) {
                                        INFO("Update Shadow: %s", JsonDocumentBuffer);
                                        rc = aws_iot_shadow_update(&mqttClient, AWS_IOT_MY_THING_NAME, JsonDocumentBuffer, ShadowUpdateStatusCallback,
                                        NULL, 4, true);
                                }
                        }
                }
                INFO("*****************************************************************************************\n");
                sleep(60);
        }
        }

        if (NONE_ERROR != rc) {
                ERROR("An error occurred in the loop %d", rc);
        }

        INFO("Disconnecting");
        rc = aws_iot_shadow_disconnect(&mqttClient);

        if (NONE_ERROR != rc) {
                ERROR("Disconnect error %d", rc);
        }

        return rc;
}

Credits

Kittitouch Areerob

1 project • 24 followers

Comments

Awards

Second Prize

The AWS IoT Mega Contest!

Automatic Vehicle Accident Alert System using AWS IoT